Emissions of SO
from flue gas and marine transport have detrimental impacts on the environment and human health, but SO
is also an important industrial feedstock if it can be recovered, stored and ...transported efficiently. Here we report the exceptional adsorption and separation of SO
in a porous material, Cu
(L) (H
L = 4',4‴-(pyridine-3,5-diyl)bis(1,1'-biphenyl-3,5-dicarboxylic acid)), MFM-170. MFM-170 exhibits fully reversible SO
uptake of 17.5 mmol g
at 298 K and 1.0 bar, and the SO
binding domains for trapped molecules within MFM-170 have been determined. We report the reversible coordination of SO
to open Cu(II) sites, which contributes to excellent adsorption thermodynamics and selectivities for SO
binding and facile regeneration of MFM-170 after desorption. MFM-170 is stable to water, acid and base and shows great promise for the dynamic separation of SO
from simulated flue gas mixtures, as confirmed by breakthrough experiments.
Innovating on the design and function of the chemical bench remains a quintessential challenge of the ages. It requires a deep understanding of the important role chemistry plays in scientific ...discovery as well a first principles approach to addressing the gaps in how work gets done at the bench. This perspective examines how one might explore designing and creating a sustainable new standard for advancing automated chemistry bench itself. We propose how this might be done by leveraging recent advances in laboratory automation whereby integrating the latest synthetic, analytical and information technologies, and AI/ML algorithms within a standardized framework, maximizes the value of the data generated and the broader utility of such systems. Although the context of this perspective focuses on the design of advancing molecule of potential therapeutic value, it would not be a stretch to contemplate how such systems could be applied to other applied disciplines like advanced materials, foodstuffs, or agricultural product development.
To report the outcomes of patients who underwent goniotomy with the Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) either as a standalone procedure or in combination with cataract extraction.
This retrospective chart ...review included 111 eyes of 90 patients who underwent KDB goniotomy from January to November 2016 at Glaucoma Associates of Texas. KDB goniotomy was combined with cataract surgery in 100 eyes. The main outcome measures were postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of IOP lowering medications.
Preoperatively, mean IOP was 17.1 ± 4.7 mmHg (range 8-34 mmHg) and mean number of IOP lowering medications was 2.4 ± 1.3 (range 0-6). Postoperatively, mean IOP was 14.9 mmHg, 13.9 mmHg, 14.1 mmHg, 14.4 mmHg, and 14.7 mmHg at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months follow-up, respectively (all p <0.004). Mean numbers of IOP lowering medications were 0.8, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, and 1.6 at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months follow-up, respectively (all p <0.001). The cumulative reoperation rates for uncontrolled IOP after KDB were 0%, 1.0%, 2.1%, and 4.6% at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively. Eyes with a preoperative IOP >21 mmHg were significantly more likely to undergo reoperation (p = 0.038, log-rank test). There were no serious complications at any time point in the follow-up period.
The Kahook Dual Blade results in a reduction in IOP and use of glaucoma medications after one year of follow-up. Further prospective studies are needed to fully characterize safety and efficacy.
The identification of preferred binding domains within a host structure provides important insights into the function of materials. State-of-the-art reports mostly focus on crystallographic studies ...of empty and single component guest-loaded host structures to determine the location of guests. However, measurements of material properties (e.g., adsorption and breakthrough of substrates) are usually performed for a wide range of pressure (guest coverage) and/or using multi-component gas mixtures. Here we report the development of a multifunctional gas dosing system for use in X-ray powder diffraction studies on Beamline I11 at Diamond Light Source. This facility is fully automated and enables in situ crystallographic studies of host structures under (i) unlimited target gas loadings and (ii) loading of multi-component gas mixtures. A proof-of-concept study was conducted on a hydroxyl-decorated porous material MFM-300(VIII) under (i) five different CO2 pressures covering the isotherm range and (ii) the loading of equimolar mixtures of CO2/N2. The study has successfully captured the structural dynamics underpinning CO2 uptake as a function of surface coverage. Moreover, MFM-300(VIII) was incorporated in a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) with PIM-1 in order to evaluate the CO2/N2 separation potential of this material. Gas permeation measurements on the MMM show a great improvement over the bare PIM-1 polymer for CO2/N2 separation based on the ideal selectivity.
To introduce a minimally invasive, ab interno approach to a circumferential 360-degree trabeculotomy and to report the preliminary results.
Retrospective, noncomparative cases series.
Eighty-five ...eyes of 85 consecutive patients who sought treatment at Glaucoma Associates of Texas with uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma and underwent gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) for whom there was at least 6 months of follow-up data.
Retrospective chart review of patients who underwent GATT by 4 of the authors (D.S.G., D.G.G., O.S., R.L.F.) between October 2011 and October 2012. The surgery was performed in adults with various open-angle glaucomas.
Intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma medications, visual acuity, and intraoperative as well as postoperative complications.
Eighty-five patients with an age range of 24 to 88 years underwent GATT with at least 6 months of follow-up. In 57 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, the IOP decreased by 7.7 mmHg (standard deviation SD, 6.2 mm Hg; 30.0% SD, 22.7%) with an average decrease in glaucoma medications of 0.9 (SD, 1.3) at 6 months. In this group, the IOP decreased by 11.1 mmHg (SD, 6.1 mmHg; 39.8% SD, 16.0%) with 1.1 fewer glaucoma medications at 12 months. In the secondary glaucoma group of 28 patients, IOP decreased by 17.2 mmHg (SD, 10.8 mmHg; 52.7% SD, 15.8%) with an average of 2.2 fewer glaucoma medications at 6 months. In this group, the IOP decreased by 19.9 mmHg (SD, 10.2 mmHg; 56.8% SD, 17.4%) with an average of 1.9 fewer medications (SD, 2.1) at 12 months. Treatment was considered to have failed in 9% (8/85) of patients because of the need for further glaucoma surgery. The cumulative proportion of failure at 1 year ranged from 0.1 to 0.32, depending on the group. Lens status or concurrent cataract surgery did not have a statistically significant effect on IOP in eyes that underwent GATT at either 6 or 12 months (P > 0.35). The most common complication was transient hyphema, seen in 30% of patients at the 1-week visit.
The preliminary results and safety profile for GATT, a minimally invasive circumferential trabeculotomy, are promising and at least equivalent to previously published results for ab externo trabeculotomy.
Nitrogen dioxide (NO
) is a major air pollutant causing significant environmental
and health problems
. We report reversible adsorption of NO
in a robust metal-organic framework. Under ambient ...conditions, MFM-300(Al) exhibits a reversible NO
isotherm uptake of 14.1 mmol g
, and, more importantly, exceptional selective removal of low-concentration NO
(5,000 to <1 ppm) from gas mixtures. Complementary experiments reveal five types of supramolecular interaction that cooperatively bind both NO
and N
O
molecules within MFM-300(Al). We find that the in situ equilibrium 2NO
↔ N
O
within the pores is pressure-independent, whereas ex situ this equilibrium is an exemplary pressure-dependent first-order process. The coexistence of helical monomer-dimer chains of NO
in MFM-300(Al) could provide a foundation for the fundamental understanding of the chemical properties of guest molecules within porous hosts. This work may pave the way for the development of future capture and conversion technologies.
While the standard model of particle physics does not include free particles with fractional charge, experimental searches have not ruled out their existence. We report results from the Cryogenic ...Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment that give the first direct-detection limits for cosmogenically produced relativistic particles with electric charge lower than e/6. A search for tracks in the six stacked detectors of each of two of the CDMS II towers finds no candidates, thereby excluding new parameter space for particles with electric charges between e/6 and e/200.
This volume presents collected essays of Gary N. Knoppers (1956-2018) on the historical books of the Hebrew Bible, among them seven thoroughly revised and eight newly published ones. An introduction ...by H.G.M. Williamson acknowledges their significance for Knoppers' oeuvre.
•Almost half of GABA in cochlear nucleus regions may be in centrifugal innervation.•Most GABAergic centrifugal pathways reach the cochlear nucleus via the trapezoid body.•Lesion of centrifugal ...pathways results in decreased cochlear nucleus aspartate levels.•Lesion of centrifugal pathways results in decreased cochlear nucleus glutamate levels.•Lesion of centrifugal pathways results in increased cochlear nucleus taurine levels.
There is evidence for glutamate, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), and glycine as neurotransmitters of centrifugal pathways to the cochlear nucleus, but the quantitative extent of their contributions to amino acid neurotransmission in cochlear nucleus regions has not been known. We used microdissection of freeze-dried tissue sections of rat cochlear nucleus, with mapping of sample locations, combined with a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay, to measure amino acid levels in cochlear nucleus subregions of rats with unilateral lesions of centrifugal pathways to the cochlear nucleus. In rats with lesions transecting all or almost all pathways to the cochlear nucleus from brain stem regions, GABA, aspartate, and glutamate levels were reduced, compared to contralateral values, in almost all ipsilateral cochlear nucleus regions. The largest reductions, in dorsal (DCN), anteroventral (AVCN), and posteroventral (PVCN) cochlear nucleus regions, approached 50% for GABA, 40% for aspartate, and 30% for glutamate. In contrast, glutamine and taurine levels were typically higher in lesioned-side cochlear nucleus regions than contralaterally. Effects on glycine levels were mixed but usually included increased lesioned-side values compared to contralateral, probably reflecting a balance between increases during protein breakdown and decreases of free glycine in transected pathways. More limited lesions transecting just dorsal pathways showed much less effect on amino acid levels. Lesion of the ipsilateral trapezoid body connection plus ipsilateral superior olivary nuclei resulted in decreases of GABA, aspartate, and glutamate levels especially in ventral cochlear nucleus regions. No clear contralateral effects of this lesion could be shown. The results most strongly support centrifugal GABAergic pathways to the cochlear nucleus, providing almost half of GABAergic neurotransmission in most regions. Our results support and extend previously published measurements of lesion effects on GABA uptake and release in cochlear nucleus subdivisions.
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