Weed control with diclosulam in soybean Golubev, Artem Sergeevich
Emirates journal of food and agriculture,
03/2021, Letnik:
33, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The experiments were conducted in 2017-2018 on soybean (Glycine max L.) in three climatic regions of Russia (Altai Region, Krasnodar Region and Astrakhan Region) to evaluate efficacy of herbicide ...diclosulam (WG, 750 g/kg). Treatments included diclosulam: 1) applied preemergence (PRE) - 18.75 and 37.5 g i.a. ha-1; 2) applied postemergence (POST) at 1-3 leaves of soybeans (BBCH 11-13) - 11.25 and 22.5 g i.a. ha-1. Monocotyledonous weeds (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. and Panicum miliaceum ssp. ruderale (Kitagawa) Tzvelev) had low sensitivity to diclosulam. Diclosulam efficacy at minimum application rate against Fallоpia convolvulus (L.) A. Love and Solanum nigrum L. was 100%. Adjuvant ethoxylated isodecyl alcohol (EIAb) was added to diclosulam to increase treatment efficiency against Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Persicaria maculosa S.F. Gray. EIAb with diclosulam was the most effective at minimum application rate. Application of diclosulam did not cause phytotoxicity on 3 soybean cultivars Altom, Bara and Vilana. The maximum increase of soybean yield after herbicide treatment was observed in Krasnodar Region in 2018 at cultivar Bara (+ 9.2 centners per hectare).
The transcriptional coactivators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are the main downstream effectors of the evolutionarily conserved Hippo ...signaling pathway. YAP/TAZ are implicated in the transcriptional regulation of target genes that are involved in a wide range of key biological processes affecting tissue homeostasis and play dual roles in the aging process, depending on the cellular and tissue context. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether pharmacological inhibitors of Yap/Taz increase the lifespan of
. Real-time qRT-PCR was performed to measure the changes in the expression of
(
, the
homolog of YAP/TAZ) target genes. We have revealed a lifespan-increasing effect of YAP/TAZ inhibitors that was mostly associated with decreased expression levels of the
and
genes. However, further analysis is required to understand the link between the YAP/TAZ pathway and aging.
Personalized medicine (PM) is a major trend in health care development in the 21st century. This area includes studying risk factors for disease development (prediction), interventions for preventing ...diseases (prophylaxis), individualization of diagnosis and treatment (personalization), informing the patient on disease prevention and treatment (participation). In the recent years, an intense research to introduce the personalized medicine principles into the management of critically ill patients, has been under way. This includes identification of patient groups based on genomic research, development of diagnostic tests using molecular markers, creation of novel classes of drugs based on individual patient characteristics.
The aim of the review
is to summarize the available data on the implementation of the principles of PM in the routine practice of critical care institutions.
We analyzed more than 300 sources of literature from the Pubmed and Scopus databases, as well as the RSCI database. Eighty five most relevant sources were selected for the review. The paper reports data on the organization and results of implementation of PM principles and advanced technologies, such as Emergency Medicine Sample Bank (EMSB), in the daily activity of clinics providing emergency critical care. The formation of the novel PM concept focused on the treatment of critically ill patients has been discussed. The review contains detailed data on the patterns of development of specific critical illnesses such as acute cerebrovascular events, acute respiratory distress syndrome, traumatic brain injury, shock, myocardial infarction, cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances. Medication efficacy in view of individual genetic patient characteristics has also been highlighted. No research limitations on the subject were identified.
Conclusion.
The analysis of literature has demonstrated positive results of implementing PM principles in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients. Creation of Biobanks, development of training programs and regulatory documentation, advancing the scientific research, introduction of new methods of diagnosis and treatment will contribute to the implementation of PM principles in practical healthcare.
The steady state fluorescence anisotropy of carbon dot solutions of different viscosities
η
and its variation with temperature
T
has been investigated. The dependence of the anisotropy on
T
/
η
is ...shown to be described by the Perrin equation, which implies that Brownian rotational motion of carbon dots in solution is a basic mechanism of fluorescence depolarization. Peculiarities of the Perrin plot testify that the luminous entity ("fluorophore") responsible for carbon dot fluorescence displays noticeable segmental motions, which are independent of the overall rotational diffusion of the dots. The Perrin model fit to the experimental data yields the effective volumes of the fluorophore
V
F
= 0.35 ± 0.15 nm
3
and of the carbon dot as a whole
V
C
= 10.5 ± 1.8 nm
3
. The rotational motions of the fluorophores are shown to be limited and spectrally dependent. A feasible nature of the fluorophores in question is discussed.
Perrin plot of carbon dots in aqueous glycerol solutions of different viscosity at
T
= 298 K.
One way to improve the technical and economic characteristics of a synchronous electric drive lies in constructing it on the basis of an actuating motor with an increased number of phases. However, ...the specifics of an
m
-phase (
m
> 3) synchronous motor, which are associated with the transfer of electromagnetic energy by a whole spectrum of spatial harmonic fields, poses the problem of developing an automatic control system that takes these features into account. A method is used for calculating the characteristics of an
m
-phase synchronous motor in quasi-stationary modes based on the use of spectral vectors of electromagnetic parameters for its individual substructures as a control object. An approach to the study and calculation of the energy characteristics of an
m
-phase synchronous motor for various control laws is proposed, which is implemented on the basis of equations of its reciprocal computational equivalent circuit. Results of an investigation of engine main energy characteristics for various control laws along the main energy channel are presented. To realize an advantages of a multiphase synchronous motor, it is necessary to force the orientation of required mutual arrangement of the flux-linkage vectors and the stator current for higher spatial harmonics, which can be implemented on the basis of a control-system design multichannel principle.
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•Hydrocracking catalyst activity depends on concentration of Bronsted acid sites (BAS).•Catalyst selectivity depends on BAS concentration in meso- and micropores.•NiMo/small crystals ...BEA has the highest activity and selectivity to naphtha and gas.•NiMo/small crystals Y has the highest selectivity to diesel.
Hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil has been studied over NiMo/zeolite-Al2O3 catalysts. Three different zeolites have been used for catalysts preparation: zeolites Beta (BEA) and Y (FAU) having small crystal size and zeolite Y modified by recrystallization (RFAU). HRTEM, low-temperature N2 adsorption, FTIR of adsorbed CO and TPD-NH3 showed that zeolites had different crystal sizes, mesopore volume, strength and concentration of acid sites. Sulfide active component particles have been revealed to be similar in all catalysts by HRTEM and XPS. NiMo/BEA catalyst having zeolite with the smallest average particle size and the highest concentration of Brønsted acid sites (BAS) demonstrated the highest hydrocracking activity. Selectivity to middle distillates decreased in the following order: NiMo/FAU > NiMo/RFAU > NiMo/BEA. This effect is accounted for by optimal zeolite acidity and improved availability of the acid sites for bulky molecules of the heavy feedstock.
The study of the gas discharge in quasioptical beams of electromagnetic radiation of the terahertz (THz) frequency band is attractive for fundamental and applied research. The study of this discharge ...was made possible by the emergence of unique and reliable sources of radiation of the THz frequency band. Electrovacuum radiation sources of THz band (gyrotrons) have been created at the Institute of Applied Physics (IAP RAS) (Nizhny Novgorod) with a power order of 100 kW in pulsed mode of operation (pulse duration ~ several dozens of µs) and a kilowatt in continuous mode, and investigations of gas discharge phenomena in various gases have been started. Even the first experimental studies of the discharge in noble gases (argon) showed a significant difference in the THz discharge from the discharge at lower frequencies, even in the dynamics of discharge glow. The maximum of the discharge glow was observed after the end of the THz pulse and the afterglow duration was hundreds of microseconds. This paper is devoted to the theoretical and experimental study of the breakdown thresholds of various gases by radiation at 263 and 670 GHz and the study of discharge dynamics in noble and molecular gases under the action of 670 GHz radiation.
A new series of compounds based on perbrominated disubstituted sulfonium derivatives of the closo-decaborate anion (n-Bu4N)2-B10Br9SR2 (R = n-Pr, i-Pr, n-Bu, n-C8H17, n-C12H25, n-C18H37) was ...obtained, characterised by modern physicochemical methods of analysis. According to the results of an X-ray diffraction study, some of the anions and solvate molecules were disordered. The cations (n-Bu4N)+ and anions 2-B10Br9SR2− were associated via C-H…Br and H…H contacts. In addition, Br…Br interactions between anions were revealed. The role of these contacts was analysed in terms of Hirshfeld surface analysis, QTAIM theory and the NCI method using quantum chemical calculations. An increase in the size of the alkyl R moiety led to significant strengthening of the total energy of H…H interactions. In the case of R = -n-C18H37, a parallel mutual orientation of alkyl moieties was established that was similar to the packing of salts of fatty acids. The nature of C-H…Br and Br…Br interionic interactions was found to be attractive, in contrast to the repulsive nature of intermolecular Br…Br interactions.
•Binary mapping of microscopic images of two-phase systems•Measuring the integral conductivity by the analysis of binary conductivity map•Measuring the content of the conductive /non-conductive phase ...by the conductivity map
The determination of the content of the conducting phase and the assessment of conductivity by microscopic images are interesting for rapid and non-destructive analysis of the electrophysical properties of two-phase (conductor/dielectric) samples during the atomic force microscopy. In this paper we summarized results of the analysis of the conductivity maps of the shungite surface by the method of discretization by applying a square grid with subsequent binary digital processing. Microstructure and conductivity were evaluated by measuring the average length of continuous conductive circuits isolated on the grid. A model was considered that established a unique correspondence (up to normalizing coefficients) between the length of the conductive circuits on the conductivity maps and the integral conductivity of the sample as a whole. An analytical equation was obtained that described such dependence with an accuracy of units of percent. We proposed a method for measuring the integral conductivity of a shungite samples based on an analysis of its binary conductivity map obtained by spreading resistance microscopy. This method can be used to determine the conductivity by surface conductivity mapping for shungite-like two-phase conductor/dielectric systems, and in general, for any two-phase substances where the phases differ in AFM-determined properties.
