Background. Physical exercise (PE) has been associated with increase neuroplasticity, neurotrophic factors, and improvements in brain function. Objective. To evaluate the effects of different PE ...protocols on neuroplasticity components and brain function in a human and animal model. Methods. We conducted a systematic review process from November 2019 to January 2020 of the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, LILACS, and Scopus. A keyword combination referring to PE and neuroplasticity was included as part of a more thorough search process. From an initial number of 20,782 original articles, after reading the titles and abstracts, twenty-one original articles were included. Two investigators evaluated the abstract, the data of the study, the design, the sample size, the participant characteristics, and the PE protocol. Results. PE increases neuroplasticity via neurotrophic factors (BDNF, GDNF, and NGF) and receptor (TrkB and P75NTR) production providing improvements in neuroplasticity, and cognitive function (learning and memory) in human and animal models. Conclusion. PE was effective for increasing the production of neurotrophic factors, cell growth, and proliferation, as well as for improving brain functionality.
Environmental Enrichment (EE) is based on the promotion of socio-environmental stimuli, which mimic favorable environmental conditions for the practice of physical activity and health. The objective ...of the present systematic review was to evaluate the influence of EE on pro-and anti-inflammatory immune parameters, but also in cell activation related to the innate and acquired immune responses in the brain and peripheral tissues in rodents. Three databases PubMed (2209 articles), Scopus (1154 articles), and Science Direct (1040 articles) were researched. After applying the eligibility criteria, articles were selected for peer review, independently, as they were identified by September 2021. The protocol for this systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO. Of the 4417 articles found, 16 were selected for this systematic review. In the brain, EE promoted a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In the blood, EE promoted a higher percentage of leukocytes, an increase in CD19+ B lymphocytes, and the proliferation of Natura Killer (NK cells). In the bone marrow, there was an increase in the number of CD27− and CD11b+ mature NK cells and a reduction in CD27− and CD11b+ immature Natural Killer cells. In conclusion, EE can be an immune modulation approach and plays a key role in the prevention of numerous chronic diseases, including cancer, that have a pro-inflammatory response and immunosuppressive condition as part of their pathophysiology.
Blood collection from dogs is the most commonly performed procedure in the medical clinic. However, different factors can interfere with the quality of the material collected, potentially causing ...complications for patients. Simulated skill training is a teaching strategy designed to provide early training to students, develop their skills and self-confidence, and increase the procedure's success while reducing complications. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate skill training using a low-fidelity simulator in the peripheral venipuncture procedure and examine the training's influence on the
procedure.
To assess skill training, this study used a low-fidelity simulator in the peripheral venipuncture procedure and examines the training's effect on the
procedure. In total, 100 dogs, 65 undergraduate students, 3 veterinarians, and 4 previously trained evaluators participated. The canine
venipuncture procedure was evaluated both before and after the simulated skill training and the low-fidelity simulator training. Data were collected on participants' self-confidence levels.
Local complications occurred during
practice; however, after training, they decreased. Gloves were more frequently used during the procedure, resulting in a reduction of both harvest attempts and complications, as well as increased levels of self-confidence in post-training participants. The simulator developed had low fidelity, low cost, and was easy to create.
Skill training in peripheral venipuncture using a low-fidelity simulator positively influences student learning, increases their self-confidence during
harvesting, and reduces the complications of the procedure, improving patient well-being.
Studies have demonstrated that thyroid hormone (T3) can precondition the heart against ischaemic injury and improve post-ischaemic recovery. This study investigated whether the AT2 receptor (AT2R) is ...involved in cardioprotection and the potential molecular mechanism responsible for this effect. Hyperthyroidism was induced in male wild-type (WT) and AT2R knockout (KO) mice by administering daily intraperitoneal injections of T3 (7 μg/100 g body weight) for 14 days. The mouse hearts were harvested and perfused with a Krebs–Henseleit solution at a constant flow in a Langendorff set-up. After 30 min of stabilization, the hearts were subjected to global ischaemia for 20 min and reperfused for 45 min. Baseline cardiac function was assessed by measuring four parameters: LVDP (mmHg), heart rate (bpm), + d
P
/d
t
and − d
P
/d
t
(mmHg/s). After reperfusion, the total protein from cardiac ventricles was obtained, and the Akt signalling pathway and NO production were evaluated. Post-ischaemic functional recovery was significantly greater (
p
< 0.05) in the T3-treated WT mice compared to the control, demonstrating the cardioprotective effect of T3. This effect was abolished in T3-treated KO mice, demonstrating the physiological relevance of AT2R to the cardioprotective phenotype induced by T3. Akt activation, iNOS expression and NO production increased in cardiac tissue after T3 treatment in the WT animals, but no difference was observed after treatment in the KO mice. This study indicates that AT2R acts as a cardioprotector in the case of hyperthyroidism. Strategies targeting AT2R agonists might improve cardiac function through NO production and suggest potential therapeutic targets for heart diseases.
ABSTRACT Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is recommended as first-line treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women (scientific evidence level 1). Currently, hypopressive abdominal ...gymnastics (HAG) has been used in clinical practice without evidence for this purpose. To verify the superiority of an experimental treatment in relation to a positive control (gold standard) for the treatment of SUI and PFM function in climacteric women. A non-inferiority clinical trial was conducted with 31 climacteric women with SUI who were sexually active. They were allocated into two groups: 16 in the PFMT group and 15 in the HAG group. Both groups received 26 sessions twice per week and individual care. All participants were assessed twice, at the beginning and at the end of interventions. The primary outcome was assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and the secondary were given by PFM function assessed via bidigital palpation. The methods used to analyze the results were the two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey post-hoc test, when necessary. PFMT was better in improving SUI in the primary outcome (p=0.01). The groups showed no significant difference in force of contraction, time of sustained PFM, and fast and slow repetitions at the time of analysis. Regarding the symptoms of SUI, PFMT performed better than HAG.
RESUMO O treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (TMAP) é recomendado como primeira linha no tratamento do nível 1 de evidência da incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE). Atualmente, a Ginástica Abdominal Hipopressiva (GAH) tem sido utilizada na prática clínica com este propósito. Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a superioridade de um tratamento experimental em relação ao tratamento padrão-ouro para IUE e função do assoalho pélvico em mulheres na menopausa. Foi conduzido um ensaio clínico randomizado de não inferioridade com 31 mulheres climatéricas, sexualmente ativas e com IUE. Elas foram alocadas em dois grupos, em que: 16 foram submetidas ao TMAP e 15 à GAH. Ambos receberam 26 sessões, duas vezes por semana, em atendimentos individuais. Todas as voluntárias foram avaliadas em dois momentos, no início e ao término das intervenções. O desfecho primário foi avaliado pelo Questionário (ICIQ-SF) e o secundário pela avaliação bidigital do assoalho pélvico. Para a análise estatística, foram utilizados o teste ANOVA de duas vias, seguido do pós-teste de Tukey, quando necessário. O TMAP foi superior na melhora da IUE (p=0.01). Não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação a força de contração, tempo de sustentação, repetições rápidas e lentas. Em relação à melhora dos sintomas de IUE, concluiu-se que o TMAP é superior a GAH.
RESUMEN El entrenamiento muscular del suelo pélvico (EMSP) se recomienda como tratamiento de primera línea para las pruebas de nivel 1 de incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo (IUE). Actualmente, se utiliza la gimnasia abdominal hipopresiva (GAH) en la práctica clínica con este fin. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo comprobar la superioridad de un tratamiento experimental en comparación con el tratamiento de referencia para la IUE y la función del suelo pélvico en mujeres menopáusicas. Se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado de no inferioridad con 31 mujeres climatéricas sexualmente activas y con IUE. Las participantes se distribuyeron en dos grupos: 16 se sometieron a EMSP y 15 a GAH. Ambos recibieron 26 sesiones, dos veces por semana, en sesiones individuales. Todas las voluntarias fueron evaluadas en dos momentos, al principio y al final de las intervenciones. El resultado primario se evaluó mediante el cuestionario ICIQ-SF, y el resultado secundario mediante la evaluación bidigital del suelo pélvico. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba ANOVA de dos vías, seguida de la prueba posterior de Tukey cuando necesario. El EMSP tuvo un mejor resultado en la mejora de la IUE (p=0,01). No hubo diferencias entre los grupos en cuanto a la fuerza de contracción, el tiempo de mantenimiento y las repeticiones rápidas y lentas. En cuanto a la mejora de los síntomas de IUE, se concluyó que el EMSP es superior a la GAH.
Objetivos: Atender a comunidade local de mulheres que trabalham em um Centro de Educação Infantil da Prefeitura Municipal e na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, a fim de promover a saúde e ...o cuidado por meio da atuação fisioterapêutica. Resultados: Foram realizados 205 atendimentos com a participação de 60 mulheres. Os distúrbios corporais mais frequentes foram as queixas álgicas provindas de lombalgias e encurtamentos musculares, sendo estes tratados com método Pilates e terapia manual. E os distúrbios estéticos mais frequentes foram a acne adulta, hipercromias inflamatórias pós-acne e melasma facial, que foram tratados com peelings químico e/ou ultrassônico. Conclusões: Todas as mulheres atendidas relataram melhora de sua qualidade de vida perante o alivio dos quadros álgicos e recuperação da autoestima por conta da melhor qualidade atual da pele das mesmas.
Maternal protein deficiency during the critical development period of the progeny disturbs mitochondrial metabolism in the brainstem, which increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in ...the first-generation (F1) offspring, but is unknown if this effect persists in the second-generation (F2) offspring. The study tested whether mitochondrial health and oxidative balance will be restored in F2 rats. Male and female rats were divided into six groups according to the diet fed to their mothers throughout gestation and lactation periods. These groups were: (1) normoprotein (NP) and (2) low-protein (LP) rats of the first filial generation (F1-NP and F1-LP, respectively) and (3) NP and (4) LP rats of the second filial generation (F2-NP and F2-LP, respectively). After weaning, all groups received commercial chow and a portion of each group was sacrificed on the 30th day of life for determination of mitochondrial and oxidative parameters. The remaining portion of the F1 group was mated at adulthood and fed an NP or LP diet during the periods of gestation and lactation, to produce progeny belonging to (5) F2R-NP and (6) F2R-LP group, respectively. Our results demonstrated that male F1-LP rats suffered mitochondrial impairment associated with an 89% higher production of reactive species (RS) and 137% higher oxidative stress biomarkers, but that the oxidative stress was blunted in female F1-LP animals despite the antioxidant impairment. In the second generation following F0 malnutrition, brainstem antioxidant defenses were restored in the F2-LP group of both sexes. However, F2R-LP offspring, exposed to LP in the diets of the two preceding generations displayed a RS overproduction with a concomitant decrease in mitochondrial bioenergetics. Our findings demonstrate that nutritional stress during the reproductive life of the mother can negatively affect mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative balance in the brainstem of F1 progeny, but that restoration of a normal diet during the reproductive life of those individuals leads toward a mitochondrial recovery in their own (F2) progeny. Otherwise, if protein deprivation is continued from the F0 generation and into the F1 generation, the F2 progeny will exhibit no recovery, but instead will remain vulnerable to further oxidative damage.
Studies with nursing continuing education are common in the literature with a predominance of qualitative approaches. Quantitative assessments are punctual and focused on a single quality indicator, ...and few studies relate these indicators to the profile of nursing staff. The objective of the study was to describe the Training Cycles of the Clinical Hospital of Uberlândia as a strategy of a Nursing Continuing Education Program and evaluate the attendance indicators and their association with the nursing staff profile. The Training Cycles of the Clinical Hospital of Uberlândia are cyclic courses that are offered continually, in a mandatory participation regime, during work hours, outside of the hospital, focused on Nursing staff. The study was conducted in 2013/2014 and has a documentary character. It was held in a public high complexity university hospital in Brazil. The Relative Frequency Attendance was calculated in relation to the nursing professional category and shift. Attendance indicators were affected by professional category. Participation increased over time for the technical level (assistants and nursing technicians) and decreased for nurses. We found an attendance rate of 54.49% in nursing hospital staff. The attendance indicators were also different for the period/shift of the course (gradual decrease of attendance from morning to afternoon to night). We also observed a decrease in attendance indicators over time. Attendance indicators were effective in describing the results of the Continuing Education Program and allowed the service administrators to associate the indicator results to the nursing profile. These results served as a basis for adjustments in the continuing education program of the institution.
Although satisfaction is a key point in the evaluation of continuing education, few studies have conducted its assessment, particularly in relation to long-term programmes. The objective of this ...study was to evaluate the evolution of satisfaction indicators applied to a continuing education program in a university hospital of high complexity. For this, a satisfaction form was filled out after each of the 11 Cycles of Training, and the findings were related to the rates of attendance. It was observed that the nursing professionals gave a positive evaluation of the cycles when each course was evaluated individually, with a tendency to change over time. However, dissatisfaction was observed in relation to the organization criteria for the event, which tended to get worse over time. In addition, different nursing professional categories apparently presented different satisfaction levels, although this association cannot be proven. The results proved that the evaluation of satisfaction with the course or program over time can offer quality indicators for the better management of continuing education programs, and future works should take into account the profile of professionals involved with the program.
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