The conservation of plant genetic resources is essential for breeding programs. Regarding the native species of the Brazilian Cerrado biome, many studies have demonstrated their high potential for ...use in both medicines and foods.
Hymenaea stigonocarpa
, a tree with wide occurrence in the Cerrado, has economic importance, and due its extractive use, the establishment of a breeding program is relevant for sustainable use and conservation. Thus, the first germplasm collection of the species was installed at the Federal University of Goiás (UFG). To know the magnitude of genetic variability and how it was distributed in the collection, 353 individuals, distributed in 119 families from 24 subpopulations collected in the Cerrado biome, were genotyped using capillary electrophoresis. Nine pairs of microsatellite markers were genotyped. The UFG germplasm collection showed a high level of genetic diversity (mean
H
¯
e
= 0.554) at the evaluated loci. By Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA), a significant genetic structure was detected (
θ
P
= 0.152, p < 0.01), which was expected since the subpopulations that originated the germplasm collection were collected in geographically distant locations. In addition, the germplasm collection had a population effective size of 54.9 and presented an allelic representation of 79.89% compared to 32 natural subpopulations. These results demonstrate that the germplasm collection preserves a high genetic diversity of
H. stigonocarpa
with a population effective size considered sufficient for the conduction of a breeding program.
Screening bacterial isolates for biocontrol of sheath blight in rice plants Abiodun Ajulo, Akintunde; Asobia, Princewill Chukwuma; Silva de Oliveira, Rodrigo ...
Journal of environmental science and health. Part B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes,
2023, Letnik:
58, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) causes significant yield losses in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Its sustainable management needs an efficient biocontrol agent. The objective was to screen bacterial ...isolates as an antagonist to R. solani and identify the most efficient ones as sheath blight suppressors under greenhouse conditions. Two assays (E1 and E2) were performed in a completely randomized design with three replications. E1 tested 21 bacterial isolates antagonists to R. solani in vitro. E2 was conducted under greenhouse conditions, with rice cultivar BRS Pampeira sown in plastic pots (7 kg) containing fertilized soil. Sixty old plants were inoculated with a segment of a toothpick containing fragments of R. solani, followed by spray inoculation of a bacterial suspension (10
8
CFU/mL). The severity of the disease was determined by calculating the relative lesion size formed on the colm. Isolates BRM32112 (Pseudomonas nitroreducens), BRM65929 (Priestia megaterium), and BRM65919 (Bacillus cereus) reduced R. solani colony radial growth by 92.8, 77.56, and 75.56%, respectively while BRM63523 (Serratia marcescens), BRM65923 and BRM65916 (P. megaterium) and BRM65919 (B. cereus) with 23.45, 23.37, 23.62, and 20.17 cm, respectively were effective at suppressing sheath blight in greenhouse, indicating their potential as a biofungicide for sheath blight suppression.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Pterodon emarginatus Vogel and P. pubescens (Benth.) Benth. are phylogenetically related trees that compose a clade of sister species abundant in the Brazilian Savanna. Despite their ...morphological differences, some individuals with intermediate morphological characteristics have been reported, indicating the formation of interspecific hybrids. This study proposed to evaluate the genetic structure and controlled pollination of individuals of P. pubescens and P. emarginatus in areas of sympatry with the presence of putative hybrids. For this purpose, we genotyped seven microsatellite loci from 61 individuals collected from four apparent contact zones between P. pubescens and P. emarginatus. Controlled pollination experiments were performed on 4,133 flowers from six trees of P. emarginatus and five of P. pubescens. We observed two genetic clusters (k= 2) that corroborate the divergence between P. pubescens and P. emarginatus. The individual genetic assignment showed evidence of natural hybridization between P. pubescens and P. emarginatus. The genetic assignment did not fully support the visual description of the diagnoses of individual morphological characteristics. Controlled interspecific pollination generated fruit and seed production, possibly indicating the absence of a reproductive barrier at the pollination and ovule fertilization levels between these species. Our results enlarge the understanding of the diversification process of Pterodon species.
Many fungicides can control brown spot, caused by Bipolaris oryzae in rice (Oryza sativa L.), although searching for beneficial microorganisms for biocontrol will improve sustainable integrated pest ...management. The aim of this investigation was the selection of natural suppressors of the brown spot disease in rice. We performed biochemical (E1), molecular antagonism (E2) and severity suppression (E3) studies under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The E1, E2 and E3 assays were performed with 21 isolates. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replicates. E1 characterized all 21 isolates for the production of extracellular enzymes, siderophores, biofilm, indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and phosphate solubilization. E2 was conducted to test the in vitro antagonism between the 21 isolates and B. oryzae, and E3 was conducted under greenhouse conditions, where seeds of the rice cultivars BRS‐Primavera and Esmeralda were sown in plastic trays containing 3 kg of fertilized soil. After 45 days, rice leaves were sprayed and inoculated with a mixed suspension of bacterial cells (1 × 108 CFU) and B. oryzae. All of the 21 bacterial isolates produced lipase, N‐fixation, siderophore, IAA, biofilm and solubilized phosphorus. Bacillus cereus, Priestia megaterium, Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens, Serratia marcescens and Serratia nematodiphila reduced radial colony growth of B. oryzae and suppressed brown spot severity by up to 90%. This indicates the potential of these isolates for biocontrol of brown spot in rice as a component of rice disease management.
Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) is a Neotropical tree species widely distributed in Brazilian savannas. This species is very popular in central Brazil mainly due to the use of its fruits in the ...local cuisine and their anti-inflammatory proprieties, and indeed it is one of the candidates, among Brazilian native plants, for fast track incorporation into cropping systems. Considering the importance of Caryocar brasiliense, little is known about its genetics and genomics, and determination of a reference genome sequence could improve the understanding of its evolution, as well as the development of tools for domestication. Here, we provide the first draft genome of C. brasiliense, the raw sequencing data and some multiplex sets of high quality microsatellite primers. Data on the genome project can be obtained from the BioProject at NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/?term=caryocar).
ABSTRACT Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Mart. Ex Hayne), popularly known as jatobá-do-cerrado, is a fruit tree widely distributed in the Brazilian Savanna, has multiple uses and is a promising genetic ...resource. This study aimed to physically characterize fruits and seeds of H. stigonocarpa, as well as to estimate the phenotypic variability at three hierarchical levels: populations, mother trees within populations, and fruits/seeds within mother trees. Fruits from six mother trees were sampled from each of the 25 natural populations found in the Brazilian Savanna. The morphometric characterization of 742 fruits was carried out by evaluating 10 quantitative traits in fruits and seeds. In addition, comparative analyses were performed between the average values of H. stigonocarpa and the botanical variety H. stigonocarpa var. brevipetiolata. Significant phenotypic variations were noticed at all hierarchical levels. A high phenotypic differentiation among the populations was observed for quantitative traits (fruit mass and size, pulp mass and seed mass), being higher when H. stigonocarpa var. brevipetiolata was included in the analysis.
RESUMO Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Mart. Ex Hayne), popularmente conhecida como jatobá-do-cerrado, é uma árvore frutífera amplamente distribuída no Cerrado, a qual possui múltiplos usos e é um recurso genético promissor. Objetivou-se caracterizar fisicamente frutos e sementes de H. stigonocarpa, bem como estimar a variabilidade fenotípica em três níveis hierárquicos: populações, matrizes dentro de populações e frutos/sementes dentro de matrizes. Frutos de seis matrizes foram amostrados de cada uma das 25 populações naturais encontradas no Cerrado. A caracterização morfométrica de 742 frutos foi realizada avaliando-se 10 caracteres quantitativos em frutos e sementes. Além disso, foram realizadas análises comparativas entre os valores médios de H. stigonocarpa e a variedade botânica H. stigonocarpa var. brevipetiolata. Variações fenotípicas significativas ocorreram em todos os níveis hierárquicos. Observou-se alta diferenciação fenotípica entre as populações para caracteres quantitativos (massa e tamanho do fruto, massa da polpa e da semente), a qual foi ainda maior quando H. stigonocarpa var. brevipetiolata foi incluída na análise
Filamentous fungi exhibit unparalleled potential as cell factories for protein production, owing to their adeptness in protein secretion and remarkable proficiency in post-translational ...modifications. This review delineates the role of filamentous fungi in bio-input technology across different generations and explores their capacity to generate secondary metabolites. Our investigation highlights filamentous fungi as frontrunners in the production of bioactive compounds, emphasizing the imperative nature of elucidating their metabolic repertoire. Furthermore, we delve into common strategies for genetic transformation in filamentous fungi, elucidating the underlying principles, advantages, and drawbacks of each technique. Taking a forward-looking approach, we explore the prospects of genome engineering, particularly the CRISPR-Cas9 technique, as a means to propel protein secretion in filamentous fungi. Detailed examination of the protein secretion pathways in these fungi provides insights into their industrial applications. Notably, extensive research within the scientific community has focused on Aspergillus and Trichoderma species for the industrial production of proteins and enzymes. This review also presents practical examples of genetic engineering strategies aimed at augmenting enzyme secretion in filamentous fungi for various industrial applications. These findings underscore the potential of filamentous fungi as versatile platforms for protein production and highlight avenues for future research and technological advancement in this field.
Biodiversity is organized in three fundamental hierarchical levels in nature: diversity of genes within species, diversity of species in communities, and diversity of ecosystems. The analyses of the ...Species-Genetic Diversity Correlation (SGDC) are important for understanding the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the patterns of biodiversity in time and space and, at the same time, have contributed to the planning of the simultaneous conservation of these levels. Thus, SGDC can be important to establish a framework to evaluate diversity patterns and develop conservation programs in widely explored areas such as the Brazilian Cerrado, generating knowledge for species of great ecological and economic importance. An example is
Stryphnodendron adstringens
, a tree that occurs in the Brazilian Cerrado and has medicinal properties. In this study, SGDC analyses were applied to verify if there is a correlation between the genetic diversity of
S. adstringens
and the diversity of species of
Stryphnodendron
and other phylogenetically related genera. Ecological niche modeling procedures were used to estimate the occurrence area and species diversity of
Stryphnodendron
and related genera in the Brazilian Cerrado, which enabled the construction of maps of environmental suitability. The
α
-SGDC and
β
-SGDC correlations were calculated in two different situations, one using microsatellite genetic data and the other using chloroplastidal DNA (cpDNA) genetic data. The analyses revealed a significant negative relationship between the haplotypic diversity of
S. adstringens
and the diversity of species of
Stryphnodendron
and other genera. The negative
α
-SGDC detected is an indication that to develop a conservation plan for the set of species analyzed, it is necessary to combine conservation strategies that cover more than one level of biological diversity.
In this study, we report the development and characterization of 15 new microsatellite markers for
Stryphnodendron adstringens
(Leguminosae) in order to support future analyses of genetic diversity ...in populations of this species. In screening with 48 individuals from three different populations of
S. adstringens
, we tested the amplification of 20 microsatellite loci, of which five are not useful for population genetic studies due to the lack of polymorphisms or amplification failures. For the final set of 15 loci, the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 15, with a total of 116 alleles. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.1219 to 0.8965, with an average of 0.6694 per locus. The combined probability of genetic identity (
PI
= 8.12 × 10
−15
) and paternity exclusion (
Q
= 0.99999) estimations showed that the loci may be useful to discriminate between individuals of
S. adstringens.
Initial cross-amplification tests were satisfactory in three species of the genus
Stryphnodendron
:
S. rotundifolium
,
S. coriaceum
and
S. polyphyllum
. This new set of markers will be a useful tool for population genetic studies, contributing to the knowledge about the evolutionary history of
S. adstringens
and, additionally, correlated species.
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-29T14:33:58Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Ariany Rosa Gonçalves - 2016.pdf: 3073896 bytes, checksum: ...d5b9b860bddb8f75b0e4b5fd48ec6403 (MD5)
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-29T14:34:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Ariany Rosa Gonçalves - 2016.pdf: 3073896 bytes, checksum: d5b9b860bddb8f75b0e4b5fd48ec6403 (MD5)
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T14:34:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Ariany Rosa Gonçalves - 2016.pdf: 3073896 bytes, checksum: d5b9b860bddb8f75b0e4b5fd48ec6403 (MD5)
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016-03-22
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The study of genetic variation in plant populations, especially in native Brazilian savanna, is;
fundamental to understanding the magnitude of biodiversity in ecosystems. Understanding how;
this variability is structured, gives us evidence of how evolution is acting in these populations,;
bringing subsidies to trace relevant conservation strategies for these species. Its economic potential;
is significant, mainly due to its nutritional value. The extractive use of native plants is a warning,;
because the genetic resources of these plants can be exhausted without even discover their full;
potential. Given this, the germplasm collections that conserve genetic resources ex situ and in vivo,;
are an alternative to access information about the species at the same time helps conserve their;
genetic variability. This study was therefore to characterize, genotypically, individuals of the;
collection of germplasm Hymenaea stigonocarpa, located in the Escola de Agronomia of the;
Universidade Federal de Goiás. For this, we used ten microsatellite markers with detection methods;
by capillary electrophoresis. Individuals in the collection are from fruit collections occurred in 24;
locations spanning the Brazilian savanna. In total, were evaluated 353 individuals in 119 progenies.;
Subpopulations showed moderate level of genetic diversity for the evaluated loci and mean;
heterozygosity was 0,59. Significant genetic structure was detected on subpopulations (𝜃𝑃 = 0,14),;
with intrapopulation inbreeding coefficient (f) of 0,12 and total inbreeding (F) 0,25. These results;
suggest that these subpopulations are not behaving as a panmitic population. Analyses of genetic;
diversity through the genetic distance of Nei (1972), showed two distinct groups subdivided. The;
correlation between genetic and geographic distances, doesn’t show a strong relationship between;
these arrays (r = 0.27), suggesting that the physical distance between subpopulations is not;
sufficient to differentiate them genetically. The germplasm collection has an effective size of 60,;
an amount considered sufficient to conduct breeding programs (minimum 50), and presents an;
allelic representation of 78.84% compared to 32 natural subpopulations. Thus, it can be concluded;
that the collection of germplasm,satisfactorily, represents the genetic variability of H. stigonocarpa;
while preserving their diversity, which is essential to support future work of conservation and;
improvement of the species.
O estudo da variabilidade genética em populações de plantas é fundamental para a compreensão;
da magnitude da biodiversidade nos ecossistemas. Entender como essa variabilidade está;
estruturada fornece evidências de como a evolução está atuando nessas populações, trazendo;
subsídios para traçar estratégias de conservação pertinentes àquela espécie. Uma das espécies;
nativas do Cerrado que vem sendo alvo de estudos em diversas áreas é Hymenaea stigonocarpa;
(Fabaceae). Seu potencial econômico é significativo, principalmente graças a seu valor nutricional. ;
O uso extrativista de plantas nativas serve de alerta, pois os recursos genéticos dessas plantas;
podem se esgotar, sem ao menos descobrirmos seu total potencial. Diante disto, as coleções de;
germoplasma, que conservam os recursos genéticos de organismos ex situ e in vivo, são uma;
alternativa para ter acesso às informações sobre a espécie, ao mesmo tempo em que auxilia na;
conservação de sua variabilidade genética. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de caracterizar, do ponto;
de vista molecular, os indivíduos que compõem a coleção de germoplasma de H. stigonocarpa,;
localizada na Escola de Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Para tanto, foram utilizados;
dez marcadores microssatélites com métodos de detecção por eletroforese capilar. Os indivíduos;
da coleção são provenientes de coletas de frutos ocorridas em 24 localidades de abrangência no;
Cerrado. No total, foram avaliados 353 indivíduos distribuídos em 119 progênies. As;
subpopulações apresentaram nível moderado de diversidade genética, para os locos avaliados, com;
heterozigosidade média esperada de 0,59. Foi detectada estruturação genética significativa nas;
subpopulações (𝜃𝑃 = 0,14), com coeficiente de endogamia intrapopulacional (𝑓) de 0,12 e;
endogamia total (𝐹) de 0,25. Estes resultados sugerem que essas subpopulações não estão se;
comportando como uma população panmítica. As análises de divergência genética, por meio da;
distância genética de Nei (1972), apresentaram dois grupos distintos subdivididos. A correlação;
entre as distâncias genética e geográfica, demonstra que não há uma relação muito forte entre essas;
matrizes (𝑟 = 0,27), sugerindo que a distância física entre as subpopulações não é suficiente para;
diferenciá-las geneticamente. A coleção de germoplasma detém um tamanho efetivo de 60, valor;
considerado suficiente para a condução de programas de melhoramento (mínimo 50), além de;
apresentar uma representatividade alélica de 78,84% com relação a 32 subpopulações naturais.;
Assim, pode-se concluir que a coleção de germoplasma representa satisfatoriamente a variabilidade;
genética de H. stigonocarpa, preservando sua diversidade, o que é fundamental para subsidiar;
futuros trabalhos de conservação e melhoramento da espécie.
PDF
