•Efficiency of anaerobic digestion is hampered due to microalgae cell wall.•Improved biodegradability was achieved by all the evaluated pretreatments.•Thermal treatment for 40min and 120°C supported ...the highest methane production.•Higher biomass concentration is required to obtain a positive energy balance.
To enhance the anaerobic digestion of Chlorella vulgaris, thermochemical pretreatments were conducted. All pretreatments markedly improved solubilisation of carbohydrates. Thermal treatments and thermal treatments combined with alkali resulted in 5-fold increase of soluble carbohydrates while thermal treatment with acid addition enhanced by 7-fold. On the other hand, proteins were only solubilized with thermo-alkaline conditions applied. Likewise, all the pretreatments tested improved methane production. Highest anaerobic digestion was accomplished by thermal treatment at 120°C for 40min without any chemical addition. As a matter of fact, hydrolysis constant rate was doubled under this condition. According to the energetic analysis, energy input was higher than the extra energy gain at the solid concentration employed. Nevertheless, higher biomass organic load pretreatment may be an option to achieve positive energetic balances.
This study is about the intervention carried out by a group of professionals from the Interdisciplinary Mental Health Team of the Emergencies Department in a public hospital in Buenos Aires City ...between 2017 and 2019. It arose from the need to respond to a public health problem related to the increasing number of patients living in situations involving homelessness, drug abuse, violent behaviour and criminal background. The multiple facets of this problem made us think about the impossibility of addressing it only in the individual sense of each patient. We were forced to admit that we were facing a problem of a complex, collective, social and institutional order, which the predominant medical model had neither been able to handle nor understand. We sought to include a Jungian approach to this contemporary problem found in large Latin American cities. Amplifying a symbolic base allowed us to understand creatively the complexity of the phenomenon, which could not be read in any manner other than the social and collective.
Cette étude porte sur l’intervention menée dans un hôpital public de Buenos Aires entre 2017 et 2019 par un groupe de professionnels de l’équipe interdisciplinaire de Santé Psychique. Elle fut mise en place du fait du besoin de répondre au problème de santé publique lié au nombre croissant de patients vivant sans domicile fixe, avec des problèmes de drogue, de comportement violent et de criminalité. Les aspects multiples de ce problème nous amenèrent à penser qu’il était impossible d’y faire face seulement sur la base de chaque patient en tant qu’individu. Nous avons été forcés d’admettre que nous étions confrontés à un problème complexe, collectif, d’ordre social et institutionnel, que le modèle médical prédominant n’avait pu ni résoudre ni comprendre. Nous avons cherché à inclure une approche Jungienne à ce problème contemporain que l’on retrouve dans les grandes villes d’Amérique Latine. L’amplification d’un fondement symbolique nous a permis de comprendre de manière créative la complexité du phénomène, dont la lecture ne pouvait qu’être sociale et collective.
Diese Studie befaßt sich mit der Intervention, die von einer Gruppe von Fachleuten des interdisziplinären Teams für psychische Gesundheit bei der Notfallabteilung eines öffentlichen Krankenhauses in der Stadt Buenos Aires zwischen 2017 und 2019 durchgeführt wurde. Es entstand aus der Notwendigkeit, auf ein Problem der öffentlichen Gesundheit im Zusammenhang mit der steigenden Zahl von Patienten zu reagieren, die in Situationen wie Obdachlosigkeit, Drogenmißbrauch, gewalttätigem Verhalten und kriminellem Hintergrund leben. Die vielen Facetten dieses Problems ließen uns über die Unmöglichkeit nachdenken, es nur im individuellen Sinne jedes Patienten anzugehen. Wir mußten zugeben, daß wir vor einem Problem komplexer, kollektiver, sozialer und institutioneller Ordnung standen, das das vorherrschende medizinische Modell weder bewältigen noch verstehen konnte. Wir versuchten, einen Jungianischen Ansatz für dieses zeitgenössische Problem, das man in großen lateinamerikanischen Städten findet, einzubeziehen. Die Amplifikation einer symbolischen Basis ermöglichte es uns, die Komplexität des Phänomens kreativ zu verstehen, die auf keine andere Weise als sozial und kollektiv gelesen werden konnte.
Questo studio riguarda l’intervento effettuato da un gruppo di professionisti del Team Interdisciplinare di Salute Mentale del Pronto Soccorso in un ospedale pubblico nella città di Buenos Aires tra il 2017 e il 2019. È nato dalla necessità di rispondere ad un problema di salute pubblica legato al crescente numero di pazienti che includeva coloro che vivevano senza fissa dimora, o facevano abuso di droghe, o mostravano comportamenti violenti e precedenti penali. Le molteplici sfaccettature di questo problema ci hanno fatto pensare all’impossibilità di affrontarlo solo nel senso individuale di ciascun paziente. Siamo stati costretti ad ammettere che ci trovavamo di fronte ad un problema di ordine complesso, collettivo, sociale ed istituzionale, che il modello medico predominante non era stato in grado né di gestire né di comprendere. Abbiamo cercato di includere un approccio junghiano a questo problema contemporaneo riscontrato nelle grandi città latinoamericane. L’amplificazione di una base simbolica ci ha permesso di comprendere creativamente la complessità del fenomeno, che non poteva essere letto in altro modo se non in quello sociale e collettivo.
Это исследование посвящено интервенции, проведенной группой профессионалов из Междисциплинарной комнады психического здоровья Департамента по чрезвычайным ситуациям в государственной больнице в Буэнос‐Айресе в период с 2017 по 2019 год. Идея возникла из необходимости среагировать на проблему общественного здравоохранения, связанную с ростом числа пациентов, живущих в условиях бездомности, злоупотребления наркотиками, агрессивного поведения и криминального прошлого. Многогранность этой проблемы заставила задуматься о невозможности решить ее только в индивидуальном ключе. Мы были вынуждены признать, что столкнулись с вопросом сложного, коллективного, социального и институционального порядка, с которым преобладающая медицинская модель не могла ни справиться, ни понять. Мы стремились включить юнгианский подход к этой современной проблеме, характерной для крупных латиноамериканских городов. Усиление символической базы позволило нам творчески осознать сложность явления, которое нельзя было интерпретировать никаким другим способом, кроме социального и коллективного.
Este trabajo trata sobre una intervención realizada por un grupo de profesionales del Equipo Interdisciplinario de Salud Mental del Departamento de Emergencias de un Hospital Público de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires entre 2017‐2019. Surgió ante la necesidad de dar respuesta a una problemática de Salud Pública relacionada con el incremento de pacientes que viven en situación de calle con consumo de drogas, conductas violentas y antecedentes delictivos. Las múltiples facetas de este problema nos llevó a reflexionar sobre la imposibilidad de darle solución si solamente lo enfocábamos desde lo individual de cada paciente. Tuvimos que admitir que nos encontrábamos ante un problema complejo, de orden colectivo, social e institucional que el modelo médico predominante era incapaz de comprender o resolver. Entonces pensamos observar desde un enfoque Junguiano este problema contemporáneo que encontramos en las grandes urbes de América Latina. Amplificar una base simbólica nos posibilitó comprender creativamente la complejidad del fenómeno, que no podía ser abordado sino desde lo social y colectivo.
活死人中灵魂和神话的丧失。在布宜诺斯艾利斯公立医院中对心理健康问题的荣格取向治疗
这篇论文研究了自2017年至2019年间, 在布宜诺斯艾利斯市的公立医院的急诊部门中, 一个跨学科心理健康专业团队所进行的干预工作。这提示我们需要对一些公众健康问题作出回应, 这些健康问题关系着越发增多的一些病人, 他们处于流离失所、药物滥用、暴力行为和犯罪的背景之中。这一问题的多个面向让我们去思考, 我们无法只是从一个孤立案例的角度去呈现这个问题。我们被迫着去承认, 我们正面临一个复杂的、集体性的、社会和机构秩序性的问题, 而占主导地位的医疗模式对这些问题既不能应对也不能理解。我们尝试把荣格取向引入这个拉美城市广泛存在的现代问题的解决上。在象征基础上的放大让我们可以用创造性的方式理解这个复杂的现象, 这一现象除了从社会和集体的层面去理解, 再无其它的方式。
Este estudo trata da intervenção realizada por um grupo de profissionais da Equipe Interdisciplinar de Saúde Mental do Departamento de Emergências em um hospital público na Cidade de Buenos Aires entre 2017 e 2019. Surgiu da necessidade de responder a um problema de saúde pública relacionado ao número crescente de pacientes que vivem em situações envolvendo situação de rua, abuso de drogas, comportamento violento e antecedentes criminais. As múltiplas facetas desse problema nos fizeram pensar na impossibilidade de abordá‐lo apenas no sentido individual de cada paciente. Fomos forçados a admitir que estávamos diante de um problema de ordem complexa, coletiva, social e institucional, que o modelo médico predominante não era capaz de lidar nem entender. Procuramos incluir uma abordagem junguiana para esse problema contemporâneo encontrado nas grandes cidades latino‐americanas. Ampliar uma base simbólica nos permitiu entender criativamente a complexidade do fenômeno, que não poderia ser lido de outra maneira além do social e coletivo.
We present a comprehensive relativistic coupled cluster study of the electronic structures of the ThO and ThS molecules in the spinor basis. Specifically, we use the single-reference coupled cluster ...and the multi-reference Fock Space Coupled Cluster (FSCC) methods to model their ground and electronically-excited states. Two variants of the FSCC method have been investigated: (a) one where the electronic spectrum is obtained from sector (1,1) of the Fock space, and (b) another where the excited states come from the doubly attached electronic states to the doubly charged systems (ThO2+ and ThS2+), that is, from sector (0,2) of the Fock space. Our study provides a reliable set of spectroscopic parameters such as bond lengths, excitation energies, and vibrational frequencies, as well as a detailed analysis of the electron correlation effects in the ThO and ThS molecules. Finally, we examine the first ionization potential and electron affinity of the above mentioned molecules.
Objective
Thymidine kinase 2, encoded by the nuclear gene TK2, is required for mitochondrial DNA maintenance. Autosomal recessive TK2 mutations cause depletion and multiple deletions of mtDNA that ...manifest predominantly as a myopathy usually beginning in childhood and progressing relentlessly. We investigated the safety and efficacy of deoxynucleoside monophosphate and deoxynucleoside therapies.
Methods
We administered deoxynucleoside monophosphates and deoxynucleoside to 16 TK2‐deficient patients under a compassionate use program.
Results
In 5 patients with early onset and severe disease, survival and motor functions were better than historically untreated patients. In 11 childhood and adult onset patients, clinical measures stabilized or improved. Three of 8 patients who were nonambulatory at baseline gained the ability to walk on therapy; 4 of 5 patients who required enteric nutrition were able to discontinue feeding tube use; and 1 of 9 patients who required mechanical ventilation became able to breathe independently. In motor functional scales, improvements were observed in the 6‐minute walk test performance in 7 of 8 subjects, Egen Klassifikation in 2 of 3, and North Star Ambulatory Assessment in all 5 tested. Baseline elevated serum growth differentiation factor 15 levels decreased with treatment in all 7 patients tested. A side effect observed in 8 of the 16 patients was dose‐dependent diarrhea, which did not require withdrawal of treatment. Among 12 other TK2 patients treated with deoxynucleoside, 2 adults developed elevated liver enzymes that normalized following discontinuation of therapy.
Interpretation
This open‐label study indicates favorable side effect profiles and clinical efficacy of deoxynucleoside monophosphate and deoxynucleoside therapies for TK2 deficiency. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:293–303
Temperature and nutrient supply are key factors that control phytoplankton ecophysiology, but their role is commonly investigated in isolation. Their combined effect on resource allocation, ...photosynthetic strategy, and metabolism remains poorly understood. To characterize the photosynthetic strategy and resource allocation under different conditions, we analyzed the responses of a marine cyanobacterium (Synechococcus PCC 7002) to multiple combinations of temperature and nutrient supply. We measured the abundance of proteins involved in the dark (RuBisCO, rbcL) and light (Photosystem II, psbA) photosynthetic reactions, the content of chlorophyll a, carbon and nitrogen, and the rates of photosynthesis, respiration, and growth. We found that rbcL and psbA abundance increased with nutrient supply, whereas a temperature‐induced increase in psbA occurred only in nutrient‐replete treatments. Low temperature and abundant nutrients caused increased RuBisCO abundance, a pattern we observed also in natural phytoplankton assemblages across a wide latitudinal range. Photosynthesis and respiration increased with temperature only under nutrient‐sufficient conditions. These results suggest that nutrient supply exerts a stronger effect than temperature upon both photosynthetic protein abundance and metabolic rates in Synechococcus sp. and that the temperature effect on photosynthetic physiology and metabolism is nutrient dependent. The preferential resource allocation into the light instead of the dark reactions of photosynthesis as temperature rises is likely related to the different temperature dependence of dark‐reaction enzymatic rates versus photochemistry. These findings contribute to our understanding of the strategies for photosynthetic energy allocation in phytoplankton inhabiting contrasting environments.
Careful consideration of cultural elements is required in the transfer of legal texts within the field of specialized translation, according to Borja (2000, p. 163). The translator faces a set of ...difficulties not only when finding the suitable equivalences between legal systems, but also when mediating between cultures. Last wills constitute a type of legal text that is subjected to a fixed macrostructure (Alcaraz et al., 2006, p. 371) frequently bestrewed with cultural elements. This paper presents a practical perspective on translating five culturally-bound elements in a last will and testament originally drafted in English and translated into Galician by 36 final-year translation students. Furthermore, the proper use of parallel texts will also be dealt with, considering that these ‘authentic texts’ (Nord, 2010, p. 13) provide essential linguistic and cultural information during the translation process. Non-professional translators, undergraduates, in this case, search for and use the parallel texts they need to carry out an in-depth analysis to extract those sections that guide their work (Roiss, 2009, p. 134). Parallel texts were attached to their assignment and later examined to reinforce student’s learning process of legal translation module. The analysis has shown that most students could identify a set of parallel texts, suitable for the transfer of the five cultural items discussed here. By carrying out this practice, students have learnt not only where to find these texts while taking this module but also how to use them as a useful translation tool.
Careful consideration of cultural elements is required in the transfer of legal texts within the field of specialized translation, according to Borja (2000, p. 163). The translator faces a set of difficulties not only when finding the suitable equivalences between legal systems, but also when mediating between cultures. Last wills constitute a type of legal text that is subjected to a fixed macrostructure (Alcaraz et al., 2006, p. 371) frequently bestrewed with cultural elements. This paper presents a practical perspective on translating five culturally-bound elements in a last will and testament originally drafted in English and translated into Galician by 36 final-year translation students. Furthermore, the proper use of parallel texts will also be dealt with, considering that these ‘authentic texts’ (Nord, 2010, p. 13) provide essential linguistic and cultural information during the translation process. Non-professional translators, undergraduates, in this case, search for and use the parallel texts they need to carry out an in-depth analysis to extract those sections that guide their work (Roiss, 2009, p. 134). Parallel texts were attached to their assignment and later examined to reinforce student’s learning process of legal translation module. The analysis has shown that most students could identify a set of parallel texts, suitable for the transfer of the five cultural items discussed here. By carrying out this practice, students have learnt not only where to find these texts while taking this module but also how to use them as a useful translation tool.
We sought to develop and validate a deep learning model for segmentation of 13 features associated with neovascular and atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Development and validation of ...a deep-learning model for feature segmentation.
Data for model development were obtained from 307 optical coherence tomography volumes. Eight experienced graders manually delineated all abnormalities in 2712 B-scans. A deep neural network was trained with these data to perform voxel-level segmentation of the 13 most common abnormalities (features). For evaluation, 112 B-scans from 112 patients with a diagnosis of neovascular AMD were annotated by 4 independent observers. The main outcome measures were Dice score, intraclass correlation coefficient, and free-response receiver operating characteristic curve.
On 11 of 13 features, the model obtained a mean Dice score of 0.63 ± 0.15, compared with 0.61 ± 0.17 for the observers. The mean intraclass correlation coefficient for the model was 0.66 ± 0.22, compared with 0.62 ± 0.21 for the observers. Two features were not evaluated quantitatively because of a lack of data. Free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that the model scored similar or higher sensitivity per false positives compared with the observers.
The quality of the automatic segmentation matches that of experienced graders for most features, exceeding human performance for some features. The quantified parameters provided by the model can be used in the current clinical routine and open possibilities for further research into treatment response outside clinical trials.
The use of persimmon variety “Rojo Brillante”, has seen a great expansion in recent years. Its production is associated with substantial amounts of post-harvest waste, therefore, development of ...products that allow its valorisation are of great interest. In this study, a freeze-drying technique was used to obtain a high quality product. Freeze-dried samples were conditioned in a range of water activities (0.113–0.680) at 20 °C at equilibrium, allowing for products of different water content. Water sorption isotherms were determined from persimmon slices, with BET (Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller) and GAB (Guggenheim, Anderson, and de Boer) models applied to the sorption data. The glass transition was analysed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); the Gordon & Taylor equation modelled the water plasticisation effect. Results confirmed a critical water activity (CWA) of 0.165 and a critical water content (CWC) of 0.0312 g water/g product. Below these critical values, the glassy state of the amorphous matrix and the crispness were guaranteed. This consequently avoids an increase in the rate of deterioration reactions, texture and colour changes, and the loss of the fruit bioactive compounds.
•Freeze-drying process creates a sweet crispy persimmon product rich in bioactive compounds.•A complete state diagram of freeze-dried persimmon was developed.•The critical water activity and the critical water content were stablished to keep the best conditions during storage.
The use of functionalized magnetic particles for the detection or separation of multiple chemicals and biomolecules from biofluids continues to attract significant attention. After their incubation ...with the targeted substances, the beads can be magnetically recovered to perform analysis or diagnostic tests. Particle recovery with permanent magnets in continuous-flow microdevices has gathered great attention in the last decade due to the multiple advantages of microfluidics. As such, great efforts have been made to determine the magnetic and fluidic conditions for achieving complete particle capture; however, less attention has been paid to the effect of the channel geometry on the system performance, although it is key for designing systems that simultaneously provide high particle recovery and flow rates. Herein, we address the optimization of Y-Y-shaped microchannels, where magnetic beads are separated from blood and collected into a buffer stream by applying an external magnetic field. The influence of several geometrical features (namely cross section shape, thickness, length, and volume) on both bead recovery and system throughput is studied. For that purpose, we employ an experimentally validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical model that considers the dominant forces acting on the beads during separation. Our results indicate that rectangular, long devices display the best performance as they deliver high particle recovery and high throughput. Thus, this methodology could be applied to the rational design of lab-on-a-chip devices for any magnetically driven purification, enrichment or isolation.
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