Misperceived Social Norms Bursztyn, Leonardo; González, Alessandra L.; Yanagizawa-Drott, David
The American economic review,
10/2020, Letnik:
110, Številka:
10
Journal Article
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We show that the vast majority of young married men in Saudi Arabia privately support women working outside the home (WWOH) and substantially underestimate support by other similar men. Correcting ...these beliefs increases men’s (costly) willingness to help their wives search for jobs. Months later, wives of men whose beliefs were corrected are more likely to have applied and interviewed for a job outside the home. In a recruitment experiment with a local company, randomly informing women about actual support for WWOH leads them to switch from an at-home temporary enumerator job to a higher-paying, outside-the-home version of the job.
► Microfluidization reduced the particle size and viscosity of chitosan–lemon essential oil film-forming dispersions (FFD). ► Microfluidization of the FFD did not affect the water vapour barrier ...properties of coatings. ► Chitosan–lemon oil coatings seem to affect the metabolic pattern of strawberries. ► Lemon essential oil enhanced chitosan activity against Botrytis cinerea. ► Chitosan–lemon essential oil coatings can extend strawberry shelf-life.
Film-forming dispersions (FFD) were prepared with 1% high molecular weight chitosan and 3% lemon essential oil and were submitted to two different homogenization treatments. The particle size and viscosity of the FFD were evaluated and stand-alone coatings were characterized in terms of water vapour permeability (WVP) and antimicrobial activity. The FFD were applied to cold-stored strawberries, cv. Camarosa, and the physicochemical properties, fungal decay and respiration rate of strawberries were determined throughout cold storage at 5°C. The use of microfluidization to prepare chitosan-based FFD led to a significant reduction in the particle size and apparent viscosity of the dispersions, with no significant effect on the decrease in the WVP of the stand-alone coatings. Chitosan coatings did not show a significant effect in terms of the acidity, pH and soluble solid content of strawberries throughout storage. In contrast, coatings slowed down the respiration rate of samples when lemon essential oil was added to the FFD. Adding lemon essential oil enhanced the chitosan antifungal activity both in in vitro tests and during cold storage in strawberries inoculated with a spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea.
Delayed brain function development in small-gestational-age (SGA) infants has been reported. We aimed to quantify rates of immature neonatal EEG patterns and their association with neurodevelopment ...in SGA full-term neonates.
Using a cohort design, 50 SGA (birthweight <10th percentile) and 44 appropriate-gestational-age (AGA) term neonates underwent continuous video-EEG recordings lasting >3 h. Seventy-three of them were assessed at 2-years-old using Bayley-III-Scales. For EEG analysis, several segments of discontinuous/alternating EEG tracings were selected.
(1) Visual analysis (patterns of EEG maturity); (2) Power spectrum in δ, θ, α and β frequency bands; and (3) scores in motor, cognitive and language development.
(1) SGA infants, compared to AGA, showed: (a) higher percentages of discontinuous EEG, both asynchrony and interhemispheric asymmetry, and bursts with delta-brushes, longer interburst-interval duration and more transients/hour; (b) lower relative power spectrum in δ and higher in α; and (c) lower scores on motor, language and cognitive neurodevelopment. (2) Asymmetry >5%, interburst-interval >5 s, discontinuity >11%, and bursts with delta-brushes >11% were associated with lower scores on Bayley-III.
In this prospective study, SGA full-term neonates showed high rates of immature EEG patterns. Low-birthweight and immaturity EEG were both correlated with low development scores.
This paper reviews the effects of road transport on the welfare, carcass and meat quality of cattle, swine and poultry in North America (NA). The main effects of loading density, trailer ...microclimate, transport duration, animal size and condition, management factors including bedding, ventilation, handling, facilities, and vehicle design are summarized by species. The main effects listed above all have impacts on welfare (stress, health, injury, fatigue, dehydration, core body temperature, mortality and morbidity) and carcass and meat quality (shrink, bruising, pH, color defects and water losses) to varying degrees. It is clear that the effect of road transport is a multi-factorial problem where a combination of stressors rather than a single factor is responsible for the animal's well-being and meat quality post transport. Animals least fit for transport suffer the greatest losses in terms of welfare and meat quality while market ready animals (in particular cattle and pigs) in good condition appear to have fewer issues. More research is needed to identify the factors or combination of factors with the greatest negative impacts on welfare and meat quality relative to the species, and their size, age and condition under extreme environmental conditions. Future research needs to focus on controlled scientific assessments, under NA conditions, of varying loading densities, trailer design, microclimate, and handling quality during the transport process. Achieving optimal animal well-being, carcass and meat quality will entirely depend on the quality of the animal transport process.
► This paper summarizes transport effects on welfare and meat quality of livestock. ► Effects of transport on livestock are multi-factorial involving multiple stressors. ► Need to identify which transport factors have impacts on welfare and meat quality. ► Loading density, trailer design, microclimate, and handling should be assessed.
Lors d’un séjour en Espagne pour effectuer des études doctorales à l’Université de Salamanca, Carmen Cortés, sociologue colombienne, aujourd’hui chercheure à l’Université Externado de Colombie, a ...souvent été perçue comme une émigrante venue exercer la prostitution. Ce regard de la société d’accueil l’a fortement interrogée au point de constituer l’un des points de départ de sa recherche doctorale, à savoir le vécu des Colombiennes qui exercent la prostitution dans ce pays. Dans le livre Dete...
•The PV-CSP system presents a LCOE only 2% higher than the PV-Battery system.•If the ORC is increased to 60 kWe, the LCOE is cheaper than the PV-Battery system.•For a community with demands exceeding ...500 kWe, the LCOE decreases to $0.37 USD/kWh.•LCOE costs can be reduced by up to $0.18 USD/kWh if the system is maximized energetically.
In this work an economic and technical analysis on a hybrid Photovoltaic (PV) – Concentrated solar power (CSP) system, to be used as an energy source in isolated microgrids, is conducted using the microgrid in Puertecitos, Baja California, Mexico as a case study. The PV-CSP system uses a field of solar concentrators with thermal storage to activate a 30 kW organic Rankine cycle, which satisfies the community's energy demand during periods of low or no solar radiation. The PV field provides 73 kW to cover the electrical needs of the community during the daytime, the period in which the CSP field stores sensible heat in tanks for later use. An operational and economic study that compares the hybrid system to the one currently used in the microgrid is presented. The results show that, for the case study, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for the PV-CSP hybrid system is 0.524 USD/kWh, only 2% higher than the LCOE for the PV-Battery, 0.51 USD/kWh. However, if the PV-CSP were used in a community with an energy demand 50% larger, the LCOE would be of 0.506 USD/kWh. Furthermore, if the community’s demand exceeds 500 kW, the LCOE of the PV-CSP would be 26% lower. If the system is harnessed to its maximum capacity throughout the year, its LCOE can be comparable to, and as competitive as that of large commercial hybrid plants. The hybridization of these systems allows a manageability and complementarity of energy that, when applied to isolated microgrids, diminishes or eliminates the problem of battery storage, resulting in costs reduction during the useful life of the project.
Background
Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality, with a worldwide incidence of around 0.1% in live births. It is related to several conditions in which the physical therapy could ...take action‐preventing co‐morbidities. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of physical therapy in Down syndrome, to know and compare the effectiveness of different physical therapy interventions in this population.
Methods
A systematic review and a meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials were conducted. The search was performed during June 2018 in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Scopus. The studies were selected using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale evaluated the quality of the methods used in the studies. Subsequently, the data were extracted, and statistical analysis was performed when possible.
Results
A total of 27 articles were included, of which nine contributed information to the meta‐analysis. Statistical analysis showed favourable results for the strength of upper and lower limbs standardised mean difference (SMD) = 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.77–2.15); and SMD = 2.04; 95% CI: (1.07–3.01) and mediolateral oscillations of balance SMD = −3.30; 95% CI: (−5.34 to −1.26).
Conclusions
The results show the potential benefit of certain types of physical therapy interventions, specifically in strength and balance, in people with Down syndrome. There are still many aspects to clarify and new lines of research.
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