Objective
The aim of this study is to assess Trypanosoma cruzi infection prevalence among pregnant migrants living in Madrid according to the country of origin and to assess screening coverage in ...this at‐risk population.
Methods
Retrospective multicentre cross‐sectional study conducted from January 2011 to December 2016 in eight Madrid hospitals. Each hospital reviewed their microbiology data records to assess the screening coverage and serological diagnosis in all pregnant women coming from endemic areas.
Results
From 2011 to 2016, 149,470 deliveries were attended at the eight hospitals, and 11,048 pregnant women were screened for Chagas disease. Most cases (93.5%) were in women from Bolivia, who also showed the highest prevalence (12.4%, 95% confidence interval: 9.9–15.0). Pooled prevalence amongst the screened women was 2.9% (95% CI: 1.8–4.1). Chagas disease screening coverage varied greatly between centres, with a pooled mean coverage of 47% (95% CI: 37%–57%; 73% 95% CI: 63%–82% for those centres with universal screening vs. 10% 95% CI: 6%–15% for those with a selective screening approach; p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Our study provides useful data for policy makers and epidemiologists in a non‐endemic area without congenital Chagas screening programmes.
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Microcirculatory changes in CHD patients have previously been investigated using a variety of ...techniques. Handheld videomicroscopy enables non-invasive direct visualization of the microcirculatory bed. The aim of our study was to determine if there are microcirculatory differences among CHD patients based on age and the presence of cyanosis.
A prospective observational study was carried out. Patients with CHD undergoing corrective surgery were evaluated after anesthetic induction prior to surgery. Microcirculation was evaluated using sidestream dark field (SDF) imaging. Hemodynamics and respiratory, biochemical, and tissue perfusion parameters were analyzed.
A total of 30 patients were included, of whom 14 were classified as cyanotic and 16 as non-cyanotic. Cyanotic patients had a higher total vessel density (TVD) (
= 0.016), small vessel density (
= 0.004), and perfused small vessel density (
= 0.013), while their microvascular flow index (MFI) was lower (
= 0.013). After adjustment for age and PaO
, cyanotic patients showed increased TVD (
= 0.023), and small vessel density (
= 0.025) compared to non-cyanotic patients but there were no differences on the MFI. Age was directly correlated with total MFI (spearman's rho = 0.499,
= 0.005) and small vessel MFI (spearman's rho = 0.420,
= 0.021). After adjustment for the type of CHD (cyanotic vs. non-cyanotic) patients with MFI and small MFI vessels <3 were younger than those with values ≥3 (
= 0.033 and
= 0.037).
SDF-based evaluation of microcirculation in CHD patients showed that patients with cyanotic defects had higher vascular density, as compared to patients with non-cyanotic defects. Younger patients were more likely to have a low MFI regardless of their type of CHD.
The success of companies and the recognition by the community in which they are inserted depends on the confidence that the company generates in this community and the approach to local development ...formulated by the community. In this sense, the impacts of CSR and the recognition of the company as an important agent within the community forge the reputation of the company in terms of its management and interrelations with the community. To analyze the factors that influence the recognition and legitimacy of companies by communities, this paper analyzes the communities’ perception of territorial development and the impacts of CSR activities agreed in the social licenses in the context of Law 21/1991 on Prior Consultation in the Colombian Caribbean. Communities value investment in training and education from primary school to professional training, as well as income-generating practices. They also value respect for their culture, race, customs, and environmental wealth. CSR actions in healthcare do not provide greater legitimacy to the company. The same is the case with actions aimed to improve the relationship between suppliers and companies, as well as to strengthen the leadership of the community.
To study trends in progression to AIDS, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality (AIDS-related, liver disease, and hemorrhagic complications) over calendar periods with different exposure to ...highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in a cohort of hemophiliacs in Spain, taking into account the competing risks of the causes of death.
Multicenter cohort of HIV-infected hemophiliacs. HIV seroconversion was estimated using mathematic techniques for interval-censored data from 1979 through 1985. Rates of AIDS and cause-specific death were calculated by Poisson regression, allowing for late entry, for the periods 1985 through 1992, 1993 through 1996, 1997 through 2000 (early HAART), and 2001 through 2003 (late HAART), also allowing for competing risks.
Of 585 subjects, 44% were younger than 15 years of age, 82% had severe hemophilia, 86% had type A hemophilia, and the median seroconversion date was October 1982. Calendar period and age at HIV seroconversion strongly influenced AIDS and death rates. Compared with 1993 through 1996, decreases of 75% (relative risk RR = 0.25, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.14 to 0.43) and 72% (RR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.63) in the RR of AIDS were observed in early and late HAART. For all-cause mortality, 72% (RR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.42) and 83% (RR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.33) decreases were observed by 1997 through 2000 and 2001 through 2003. For liver-related deaths, increases were observed in the late-HAART period (RR = 2.80, 95% CI: 0.94 to 8.36) compared with 1993 through 1996, but using competing risks, this RR was substantially reduced (RR = 1.70, 95% CI: 0.57 to 5.04).
Major reductions in AIDS and death rates were observed from 1997 to 2003 in hemophiliacs. These survival improvements are largely attributable to decreases in AIDS-related deaths and have been accompanied by increases in liver disease death rates, which are overestimated if competing risks are not taken into account.
Post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs is recognized as one of the major pathways for the control of cellular homeostasis. Less well understood is the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation ...of genes encoding microRNAs. In the present study we addressed the epigenetic regulation of the miR-181c in normal and malignant brain cells.
To explore the epigenetic regulation of the miR-181c we evaluated its expression using RT-qPCR and the in vivo binding of the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) to its regulatory region in different glioblastoma cell lines. DNA methylation survey, chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA interference assays were used to assess the role of CTCF in the miR-181c epigenetic silencing.
We found that miR-181c is downregulated in glioblastoma cell lines, as compared to normal brain tissues. Loss of expression correlated with a notorious gain of DNA methylation at the miR-181c promoter region and the dissociation of the multifunctional nuclear factor CTCF. Taking advantage of the genomic distribution of CTCF in different cell types we propose that CTCF has a local and cell type specific regulatory role over the miR-181c and not an architectural one through chromatin loop formation. This is supported by the depletion of CTCF in glioblastoma cells affecting the expression levels of NOTCH2 as a target of miR-181c.
Together, our results point to the epigenetic role of CTCF in the regulation of microRNAs implicated in tumorigenesis.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
El estudio reflexiona sobre las estrategias de adaptación a los entornos urbanos en el envejecimiento, con alusiones a América Latina. Los resultados indican la existencia de problemas derivados del ...reduccionismo analítico y la simplificación de los modelos teóricos sobre la adaptación ambiental y el envejecimiento. La desadaptación está determinada por las capacidades personales (exclusión social, discapacidad y dependencia) y, principalmente, por los problemas físico-sociales urbanos. Asimismo, se proponen estrategias de adaptación ambiental para el envejecimiento activo en el lugar, a partir de la evaluación de los activos personales, así como de los atributos y funciones del ambiente urbano.
The study reflects on the strategies of adaptation to the urban environments in aging, with allusions to Latin America. The results indicate the existence of problems derived from analytical reductionism and the simplification of the theoretical models on environmental adaptation and aging. Maladjustment is determined by personal abilities (social exclusion, disability and dependency) and, mainly, urban physical-social problems. Likewise, environmental adaptation strategies for active aging in the place are proposed from the evaluation of personal assets, as well as the attributes and functions of the urban environment.
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