Artificial intelligence in the field of orthopaedics has been a topic of increasing interest and opportunity in recent years. Its applications are widespread both for physicians and patients, ...including use in clinical decision-making, in the operating room, and in research. In this study, we aimed to assess the quality of ChatGPT answers when asked questions related to total knee arthroplasty.
ChatGPT prompts were created by turning 15 of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines into questions. An online survey was created, which included screenshots of each prompt and answers to the 15 questions. Surgeons were asked to grade ChatGPT answers from 1 to 5 based on their characteristics: (1) relevance, (2) accuracy, (3) clarity, (4) completeness, (5) evidence-based, and (6) consistency. There were 11 Adult Joint Reconstruction fellowship-trained surgeons who completed the survey. Questions were subclassified based on the subject of the prompt: (1) risk factors, (2) implant/intraoperative, and (3) pain/functional outcomes. The average and standard deviation for all answers, as well as for each subgroup, were calculated. Inter-rater reliability (IRR) was also calculated.
All answer characteristics were graded as being above average (ie, a score > 3). Relevance demonstrated the highest scores (4.43 ± 0.77) by surgeons surveyed, and consistency demonstrated the lowest scores (3.54 ± 1.10). ChatGPT prompts in the Risk Factors group demonstrated the best responses, while those in the Pain/Functional Outcome group demonstrated the lowest. The overall IRR was found to be 0.33 (poor reliability), with the highest IRR for relevance (0.43) and the lowest for evidence-based (0.28).
ChatGPT can answer questions regarding well-established clinical guidelines in total knee arthroplasty with above-average accuracy but demonstrates variable reliability. This investigation is the first step in understanding large language model artificial intelligence like ChatGPT and how well they perform in the field of arthroplasty.
The climate state of an ice‐covered Neoproterozoic “Snowball Earth” climate is highly sensitive to the presence of dust on the ice. Other authors have noted that the accumulation of dust can lower ...the albedo of an ice‐covered world enough to allow deglaciation even with fairly modest amounts of greenhouse gas warming. Here, we model the accumulation, transport, and removal of dust in a coupled ice‐atmosphere‐dust climate model, operating within the simplified framework of a one‐dimensional energy balance climate model. We confirm that the buildup of low‐albedo dust makes our model easier to deglaciate (requiring orders of magnitude less carbon dioxide than a no‐dust model) and discover novel climate feedbacks and chaos in the dusty ice system. As dust accumulates, its low albedo warms the ice and can cause it to melt: in our model, the meltwater carries away dust, leading to both a simple negative feedback (the “dust thermostat”) and chaotic oscillations. The feedback is robust over a broad range of model parameters, but the chaotic oscillations are sensitive to model resolution.
Key Points
Adding dust to a Snowball Earth climate model lets it deglaciate more easily
A negative feedback in which meltwater removes dust from the ice is discovered
The dusty Snowball ice sheet exhibits chaotic flow surges across the equator
Synthesis of triacylglycerol requires the glucose‐derived glycerol component, and glucose uptake has been viewed as the rate‐limiting step in glucose metabolism in adipocytes. Furthermore, adipose ...tissue contains all three isoforms of the glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK). We here report that mice deficient in the muscle isoform PFK‐M have greatly reduced fat stores. Mice with disrupted activity of the PFK‐M distal promoter were obtained from Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, developed from OmniBank OST#56064. Intra‐abdominal fat was measured by magnetic resonance imaging of the methylene proton signal. Lipogenesis from labeled glucose was measured in isolated adipocytes. Lipolysis (glycerol and free fatty acid release) was measured in perifused adipocytes. Intra‐abdominal fat in PFK‐M–deficient female mice (5–10 months old) was 17 ± 3% of that of wild‐type littermates (n = 4; P < 0.02). Epididymal fat weight in 15 animals (7–9.5 months) was 34 ± 4% of control littermate (P < 0.002), with 10–30% lower body weight. Basal and insulin‐stimulated lipogenesis in PFK‐M–deficient epididymal adipocytes was 40% of the rates in cells from heterozygous littermates (n = 3; P < 0.05). The rate of isoproterenol‐stimulated lipolysis in wild‐type adipocytes declined ∼10% after 1 h and 50% after 2 h; in PFK‐M–deficient cells it declined much more rapidly, 50% in 1 h and 90% in 2 h, and lipolytic oscillations appeared to be damped (n = 4). These results indicate an important role for PFK‐M in adipose metabolism. This may be related to the ability of this isoform to generate glycolytic oscillations, because such oscillations may enhance the production of the triacylglycerol precursor α‐glycerophosphate.
The role of “neutral vectors” in midlatitude air–sea interaction is studied in a simple coupled model. Neutral vectors—the right singular vectors of the linearized atmospheric model tendency matrix ...with the smallest singular values—are shown to act as pattern-specific amplifiers of ocean SST anomalies and dominate coupled behavior.
These ideas are developed in the framework of a previously developed analytical coupled model, which described the mutual interaction across the sea surface of atmospheric and oceanic Rossby waves. A numerical model with the same physics is developed that permits the consideration of nontrivial background conditions. It is shown that the atmospheric modes that are least damped, and thus the patterns most easily energized by stochastic forcing, are neutral vectors.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The authors explore the use of the 'neutral vectors' of a linearized version of a global quasigeostrophic atmospheric model with realistic mean flow in the study of the nonlinear model's ...low-frequency variability. Neutral vectors are the (right) singular vectors of the linearized model's tendency matrix that have the smallest eigenvalues; they are also the patterns that exhibit the largest response to forcing perturbations in the linear model. A striking similarity is found between neutral vectors and the dominant patterns of variability (EOFs) observed in both the full nonlinear model and in the real world. The authors discuss the physical and mathematical connection between neutral vectors and EOFs. Investigation of the 'optimal forcing patterns'-the left singular vectors-proves to be less fruitful. The neutral modes have equivalent barotropic vertical structure, but their optimal forcing patterns are baroclinic and seem to be associated with low-level heating, but the horizontal patterns of the forcing patterns are not robust and are sensitive to the form of the inner product used in the singular vector decomposition analysis. Additionally, applying 'optimal' forcing patterns as perturbations to the full nonlinear model does not generate the response suggested by the linear model. (Author)
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
16.
Antecedents and Outcomes of Empowerment Koberg, Christine S.; Boss, R. Wayne; Senjem, Jason C. ...
Group & organization management,
03/1999, Letnik:
24, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Using a statistical model, this study examined the correlates and consequences of psychological empowerment among a group of 612 technically skilled, professional, and managerial hospital employees ...(129 men and 483 women). Whereas individual as well as group and organizational characteristics influenced feelings of empowerment, group and organizational variables accounted for more variance in empowerment than did the individual variables. Empowerment perceptions increased with organizational rank and with leader approachability, group effectiveness, and worth of group. Individuals with more tenure in the organization felt more empowered; however, men and women, and Whites and non-Whites reported no significant differences in feelings of empowerment. Empowerment perceptions also were associated with increased job satisfaction and work productivity/effectiveness, as well as a decreased propensity to leave the organization.
The authors explore the use of the "neutral vectors" of a linearized version of a global quasigeostrophic atmospheric model with realistic mean flow in the study of the nonlinear model's ...low-frequency variability. Neutral vectors are the (right) singular vectors of the linearized model's tendency matrix that have the smallest eigenvalues; they are also the patterns that exhibit the largest response to forcing perturbations in the linear model. A striking similarity is found between neutral vectors and the dominant patterns of variability (EOFs) observed in both the full nonlinear model and in the real world. The authors discuss the physical and mathematical connection between neutral vectors and EOFs. Investigation of the "optimal forcing patterns"--the left singular vectors--proves to be less fruitful. The neutral modes have equivalent barotropic vertical structure, but their optimal forcing patterns are baroclinic and seem to be associated with low-level heating. But the horizontal patterns of the forcing patterns are not robust and are sensitive to the form of the inner product used in the singular vector decomposition analysis. Additionally, applying "optimal" forcing patterns as perturbations to the full nonlinear model does not generate the response suggested by the linear model.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of challenges and methods to design and process a non-uniform radar waveform in a shared spectrum with computationally efficient algorithms to ...mitigate co-channel interference and en-able standard constant false alarm rate detection and tracking approaches. Computationally efficient processing approaches for non-uniform radar waveforms paired with emerging computing architectures are paving the way for real-time implementation. However, these non-uniform processing schemes need to be paired with interference informed radar waveform design to support interference mitigation processing of OFDM signals to achieve acceptable performance in real world environments. Current challenges associated with optimizing a non-linear radar processing chain for a non-uniform waveform discussed in this paper include processing and signal environment informed wave-form design, OFDM interference rejection, convergence speed of reiterative minimum mean square error (RMMSE) based range Doppler map (RDM) formation, and preservation of Gaussian noise statistics for down-stream processing. Potential solutions discussed to these problems include a waveform optimization based on a restricted isometry property (RIP) constraint, re-mod/demod inference rejection, standard RMMSE, and reduced dimension RMMSE RDM processing.
Circulating, cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising candidate biomarkers, but optimal conditions for processing blood specimens for miRNA measurement remain to be established. Our previous work ...showed that the majority of plasma miRNAs are likely blood cell-derived. In the course of profiling lung cancer cases versus healthy controls, we observed a broad increase in circulating miRNA levels in cases compared to controls and that higher miRNA expression correlated with higher platelet and particle counts. We therefore hypothesized that the quantity of residual platelets and microparticles remaining after plasma processing might impact miRNA measurements. To systematically investigate this, we subjected matched plasma from healthy individuals to stepwise processing with differential centrifugation and 0.22 µm filtration and performed miRNA profiling. We found a major effect on circulating miRNAs, with the majority (72%) of detectable miRNAs substantially affected by processing alone. Specifically, 10% of miRNAs showed 4-30x variation, 46% showed 30-1,000x variation, and 15% showed >1,000x variation in expression solely from processing. This was predominantly due to platelet contamination, which persisted despite using standard laboratory protocols. Importantly, we show that platelet contamination in archived samples could largely be eliminated by additional centrifugation, even in frozen samples stored for six years. To minimize confounding effects in microRNA biomarker studies, additional steps to limit platelet contamination for circulating miRNA biomarker studies are necessary. We provide specific practical recommendations to help minimize confounding variation attributable to plasma processing and platelet contamination.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
