Forward single π0 production by coherent neutral-current interactions, νA→νAπ0, is investigated using a 2.8×1020 protons-on-target exposure of the MINOS Near Detector. For single-shower topologies, ...the event distribution in production angle exhibits a clear excess above the estimated background at very forward angles for visible energy in the range 1–8 GeV. Cross sections are obtained for the detector medium comprised of 80% iron and 20% carbon nuclei with ⟨A⟩=48, the highest-⟨A⟩ target used to date in the study of this coherent reaction. The total cross section for coherent neutral-current single π0 production initiated by the νμ flux of the NuMI low-energy beam with mean (mode) Eν of 4.9 GeV (3.0 GeV), is 77.6±5.0(stat)−16.8+15.0(syst)×10−40 cm2 pernucleus. The results are in good agreement with predictions of the Berger-Sehgal model.
Aims
To identify factors associated with the use of single or dual antiplatelet therapy in patients prescribed warfarin following coronary stenting and to investigate whether single (aspirin or ...thienopyridine) vs. dual antiplatelet therapy plus warfarin leads to an excess of adverse outcomes.
Methods and results
We analysed data from 800 patients with an acute coronary syndrome who underwent coronary stenting (130 patients received a drug-eluting stent) and were discharged on warfarin and either dual (n = 580) or single (n = 220) antiplatelet therapy. The use of single antiplatelet therapy was more common in Europe than in the USA (34 vs. 17%, P < 0.001). There was no difference in major bleeding in hospital or in 6-month mortality or myocardial infarction. In the single antiplatelet group, the use of either aspirin or thienopyridine (clopidogrel or ticlopidine) in combination with warfarin resulted in similar outcomes.
Conclusion
Use of single vs. dual antiplatelet therapy and warfarin following stenting is common. In this observational study, there was no difference in mortality or myocardial infarction at 6 months; however, larger trials are needed to assert any firm recommendations.
In a single-group trial, 352 patients with acute major bleeding while taking a factor Xa inhibitor were treated with andexanet. Andexanet markedly reduced anti–factor Xa activity, and 82% of the ...patients had excellent or good hemostatic efficacy at 12 hours.
The diffuse gamma radiation arising from the interaction of cosmic-ray particles with matter and radiation in the Galaxy is one of the few probes available to study the origin of the cosmic rays. ...Data from the Milagro gamma-ray observatory--a water Cerenkov detector that continuously views 62 sr of the overhead sky--shows that the brightest extended region in the entire northern sky is the Cygnus region of the Galactic plane. The TeV image of the Cygnus region contains at least one new source, MGRO J2019+37, which is 10.9 s above the isotropic background, as well as correlations with the matter density in the region. However, the gamma-ray flux from the Cygnus region (after excluding MGRO J2019+37) as measured at 612 TeV exceeds that predicted from a model of cosmic-ray production and propagation. This observation indicates the existence of either hard-spectrum cosmic-ray sources and/or unresolved sources of TeV gamma rays in the region.
Abstract
Baryon number conservation is not guaranteed by any fundamental symmetry within the standard model, and therefore has been a subject of experimental and theoretical scrutiny for decades. So ...far, no evidence for baryon number violation has been observed. Large underground detectors have long been used for both neutrino detection and searches for baryon number violating processes. The next generation of large neutrino detectors will seek to improve upon the limits set by past and current experiments and will cover a range of lifetimes predicted by several Grand Unified Theories. In this White Paper, we summarize theoretical motivations and experimental aspects of searches for baryon number violation in neutrino experiments.
Abstract Background Contemporary use of dual antiplatelet therapy and consistency with guideline recommendations in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary ...intervention (PCI) has not been well characterized. Methods The Canadian Observational AntiPlatelet sTudy (COAPT) was a prospective, observational, multicenter, longitudinal study of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) undergoing PCI. Baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, processes of care, factors associated with switching to and from novel adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitors (ADPris), and in-hospital outcomes are described. Results Among 2179 MI patients undergoing PCI during their index hospitalisation, 1328 (60.9%) had ST elevation. Initial ADPri use included clopidogrel in 1812 (83.2%), prasugrel in 125 (5.7%), and ticagrelor in 242 (11.1%). At discharge, 1597 patients (73.4%) were prescribed clopidogrel, 220 (10.1%) prasugrel and 358 (16.5%) ticagrelor. Switching between ADPri therapies during the index hospitalisation occurred in 15.3%, 22.4%, and 25.2% of patients initially started on clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor, respectively. The majority of switches over the 15 month study period occurred during the index admission (16.8% of patients vs. 4.4% switches post-discharge). Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurred in 7.5% of patients during the index hospitalisation. In-hospital bleeding events occurred in 6.0% of patients and the majority were mild. Conclusions Despite randomized trial evidence and guideline recommendations, only a minority of Canadian MI patients undergoing PCI initially received or were discharged on one of the newer ADPri agents. These findings suggest an opportunity to improve upon the appropriate selection of the ADPris at index hospitalisation and discharge in Canadian MI patients undergoing PCI.
Research suggests that individuals with high liking for sweets are at increased risk for binge eating, which has been minimally investigated in individuals with binge-eating disorder (BED). Forty-one ...adults (85% female, 83% white) with binge eating concerns completed a sweet taste test and measures of eating disorder behaviors and food cravings. A subset of participants with BED completed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; N=21) and a 24-hour dietary recall (N=26). Regression models were used to compare highest sweet preferers (HSP N=18) to other sweet preferers (OSP N=23) and were used to assess associations between sweet taste preference and outcome variables. Effect sizes (ηp2) for differences between HSP and OSP ranged from small (≤0.01) to large (≥0.24); group differences were statistically nonsignificant except for 24-hour caloric intake (ηp2=0.16, p=0.04), protein intake (ηp2=0.16, p=0.04), and insulin sensitivity index (ηp2=0.24, p=0.04), which were higher in HSP, and postprandial insulin, which was smaller in HSP (ηp2=0.27, p=0.03). Continuous analyses replicated postprandial insulin response. Compared with OSP, HSP reported numerically higher binge-eating frequency (ηp2=0.04), over-eating frequency (ηp2=0.06), and carbohydrate intake (ηp2=0.14), and they exhibited numerically smaller postprandial glucose AUC (ηp2=0.16). Sweet taste preference may have implications for glucose regulation, binge-eating frequency, and nutrient intake in BED.
•Sweet taste preference may be quite prevalent in individuals with BED.•Highest Sweet Preferers have more binge-eating episodes than Other Sweet Preferers.•Highest Sweet Preferers have smaller postprandial glucose and higher insulin sensitivity.•Highest Sweet Preference may be a meaningful sub-phenotype of those with BED.
Review of Particle Physics Tanabashi, M.; Nakamura, K.; Tanaka, J. ...
Physical review. D,
08/2018, Letnik:
98, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,873 new measurements from 758 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of ...gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 118 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Neutrinos in Cosmology.
Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is the primary method used to diagnose prostate cancer in the United States. Methods to integrate other risk factors associated with prostate ...cancer into individualized risk prediction are needed. We used prostate biopsy data from men who participated in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) to develop a predictive model of prostate cancer. Methods: We included 5519 men from the placebo group of the PCPT who underwent prostate biopsy, had at least one PSA measurement and a digital rectal examination (DRE) performed during the year before the biopsy, and had at least two PSA measurements performed during the 3 years before the prostate biopsy. Logistic regression was used to model the risk of prostate cancer and high-grade disease associated with age at biopsy, race, family history of prostate cancer, PSA level, PSA velocity, DRE result, and previous prostate biopsy. Risk equations were created from the estimated logistic regression models. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: A total of 1211 (21.9%) men were diagnosed with prostate cancer by prostate biopsy. Variables that predicted prostate cancer included higher PSA level, positive family history of prostate cancer, and abnormal DRE result, whereas a previous negative prostate biopsy was associated with reduced risk. Neither age at biopsy nor PSA velocity contributed independent prognostic information. Higher PSA level, abnormal DRE result, older age at biopsy, and African American race were predictive for high-grade disease (Gleason score ≥7) whereas a previous negative prostate biopsy reduced this risk. Conclusions: This predictive model allows an individualized assessment of prostate cancer risk and risk of high-grade disease for men who undergo a prostate biopsy.
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