A study was carried out to investigate the presence of
in red foxes (
) in two regions of Turkey-central Anatolia (in Asia Minor) and Thrace (in the European part of Turkey). A total of 405 putative ...fox feces were collected from central Anatolia (186 specimens in 59 locations) and from Thrace (219 specimens in 114 locations). All samples were examined by the flotation and sieving method for taeniid eggs, and positive and putative samples were further analyzed by multiplex PCR. In seven samples from three locations in central Anatolia (5.1%) and in one (0.9%) from Thrace,
.
DNA was amplified, and this result was confirmed with another PCR specific for
. In addition,
s.l. was found in two (0.5%) of the samples. Although alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is known as a serious zoonosis in Turkey, this is the first field study detecting
in collected fecal samples documenting the environmental contamination with eggs of this zoonotic parasite.
Sfrp4 and the Biology of Cortical Bone Chen, Ruiying; Baron, Roland; Gori, Francesca
Current osteoporosis reports,
04/2022, Letnik:
20, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Purpose of Review
Periosteal apposition and endosteal remodeling regulate cortical bone expansion and thickness, both critical determinants of bone strength. Yet, the cellular characteristics and ...local or paracrine factors that regulate the periosteum and endosteum remain largely elusive. Here we discuss novel insights in cortical bone growth, expansion, and homeostasis, provided by the study of
S
ecreted
F
rizzled
R
eceptor
P
rotein 4 (Sfrp4), a decoy receptor for Wnt ligands.
Recent Findings
SFRP4 loss-of function mutations cause Pyle disease, a rare skeletal disorder characterized by cortical bone thinning and increased fragility fractures despite increased trabecular bone density. On the endosteal surface, Sfrp4-mediated repression of non-canonical Wnt signaling regulates endosteal resorption. On the periosteum, Sfrp4 identifies as a critical functional mediator of periosteal stem cell/progenitor expansion and differentiation.
Summary
Analysis of signaling pathways regulating skeletal stem cells/progenitors provides an opportunity to advance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in cortical bone biology.
•Groundwater hydrogeochemistry as a powerful tool to analyse mixing between deep and shallow contributions and related processes in active tectonic areas.•Fluids origin and water–rock interaction ...processes at depth.•Main fault systems as preferential pathways for ascending deep saline thermal fluids.
With the aim of deepening our understanding of deep-seated fluids upwelling and mixing in large regional aquifers, we performed a hydrogeochemical study of twenty-two springs in the Contursi area (upper Sele river valley, southern Apennines) by means of the measurements of chemical-physical parameters, major ions, trace elements, and stable and radioactive isotopes. Besides, we realized two updated geo-structural cross-sections in order to reconstruct the groundwater flowpath in the study area. The hydrogeochemical composition, as well as the water temperature allow to identify-three main groups of groundwater: Cold and Low salinity Groundwater (CLGW), Intermediate Salinity Groundwater (ISGW), and Thermal Salinity Groundwater (TSGW). The CLGW group, mostly emerging at the boundary of carbonate aquifers, is characterized by alkaline earth-bicarbonate hydrofacies. Instead, ISGW and TSGW, situated in the inner zone of the valley, show gradually a hydrogeochemical evolution towards sodium-chloride type hydrofacies domain with the highest salinity value. Stable isotope (δ18O-δD) of CLGW reveal the local meteoric origin of groundwater, while isotopic signatures of ISGW and TSGW is associated with the deep fluids inflow. CLGW hydrogeochemistry is clearly related to dissolution of carbonate rocks. On the other hand, for ISGW and TSGW an additional contribution from evaporitic rocks is supported by saturation indices values (gypsum and anhydrite) and validated by isotopic signature of dissolved sulphate (δ34S-δ18O). The application of two models based on tritium data (i.e., the piston-flow and well-mixed reservoir) attributes longer and deeper groundwater flowpaths to TSGW. Through geothermometric calculations (e,g., K-Mg and SiO2-quartz), the equilibrium temperature of deep fluids reservoir is also extrapolated (i.e., 75–96 °C). The results of the adopted hydrogeochemical multi-component approach allowed us to propose an interpretative model of groundwater flowpath for the Contursi area, where deep-seated tectonic discontinuities play a significant role for the upwelling of saline deep thermal fluids in shallow aquifers.
This study is focused on fluids characterization and circulations through the crust of the Irpinia region, an active seismic zone in Southern Italy, that has experienced several high-magnitude ...earthquakes, including a catastrophic one in 1980 (M = 6.9 Ms). Using isotopic geochemistry and the carbon‑helium system in free and dissolved volatiles in water, this study aims to explore the processes at depth that can alter pristine chemistry of these natural fluids. Gas-rock-water interactions and their impact on CO2 emissions and isotopic composition are evaluated using a multidisciplinary model that integrates geochemistry and regional geological data. By analyzing the He isotopic signature in the natural fluids, the release of mantle-derived He on a regional scale in Southern Italy is verified, along with significant emissions of deep-sourced CO2. The proposed model, supported by geological and geophysical constraints, is based on the interactions between gas, rock, and water within the crust and the degassing of deep-sourced CO2. Furthermore, this study reveals that the Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (TDIC) in cold waters results from mixing between a shallow and a deeper carbon endmember that is equilibrated with carbonate lithology. In addition, the geochemical signature of TDIC in thermal carbon-rich water is explained by supplementary secondary processes, including equilibrium fractionation between solid, gas, and aqueous phases, as well as sinks such as mineral precipitation and CO2 degassing. These findings have important implications for developing effective monitoring strategies for crustal fluids in different geological contexts and highlight the critical need to understand gas-water-rock interaction processes that control fluid chemistry at depths that can affect the assessment of the CO2 flux in atmosphere. Finally, this study highlights that the emissions of natural CO2 from the seismically active Irpinia area are up to 4.08·10+9 mol·y−1, which amounts is in the range of worldwide volcanic systems.
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•Deep CO2 (free/dissolved) comes from a source with δCCO213 of 2.3 ‰ to +3.20 ‰.•Our model estimate CO2 output in atmosphere at least 40 % higher than others approach.•CO2 high emissions from study area overlap with several global volcanic sites.•Difficulty in attributing origin of CO2 source due to gas-rock equilibrium
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury plays a pivotal role in the development of graft dysfunction and allograft rejection after transplantation. Excessive free radical production and massive consumption ...of endogenous antioxidants are common mechanisms underlying I/R injury and are implicated in posttransplant organ damage and reduced graft viability.
Ascorbic Acid (AA) is an essential micronutrient involved in several biological processes, from antioxidative response to the modulation of apoptosis and inflammation. These properties, combined to the safety profile, low cost, and ease of administration and measurement, make AA a potential bullet for reducing I/R damage in the setting of solid organ transplantation. Although multiple preclinical and clinical studies have been performed to investigate the effectiveness of AA administration in reducing I/R injury during transplantation, its therapeutic potential remains controversial as well as the optimal dosage, timing, and combination with other antioxidants. In this review, we summarize the AA modulated metabolic pathways, focusing on its potential role in the treatment of solid organ (kidney, liver, lung, heart, and pancreas) transplantation.
We analysed temporal variations of trace element concentrations in groundwater from a 101 m-deep borehole (HA01) in northern Iceland during 2010–2018 and compared them with seismic and volcanic ...events that occurred in the same period to identify potential hydrogeochemical precursors. An increase of B, Al, V, Li and Mo concentrations started from eight months to one month before the 2014 Bárðarbunga eruption (~115 km from HA01), a major rifting event in central Iceland, while Ga and V concentrations began to increase one day and one month after the onset of the event, respectively. We also found that concentrations of some trace elements (Li, B, Ga, Mo, Sr, Rb and Fe) significantly increased before an Mw 5.0 earthquake that occurred ~80 km from the borehole in 2018. However, other notable hydrogeochemical changes were detected during the monitoring period without apparent correlation with the seismic and volcanic events in the region. This study shows that the systematic long-term hydrogeochemical monitoring in seismic and volcanic areas is critical to advance the science of seismic and eruptive precursors. Furthermore, the use of statistical tools, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Change Point (CP) detection can help identify the most useful chemical elements and validate the trend variability of those elements in the time series, reducing arbitrary choices of pre-seismic and pre-volcanic hydrogeochemical anomalies as potential precursors.
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•Boron appears to be a good indicator of water-rock interaction in a geothermal system.•PCA was used to identify the specific role of elements in different geologic events.•CPD used to statistically validate of the trend variability in the time series•Trace elements are promising to identify potential precursors of geological events.
A genomic region on chromosome 9p21 has been identified as closely associated with increased susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) and to type 2 diabetes (T2D) although the evidence ...suggests that the genetic variants within chromosome 9p21 that contribute to CAD are different from those that contribute to T2D.We carried out an association case-control study in an Italian population to test the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the 9p21 locus, rs2891168 and rs10811661, previously reported by the PROCARDIS study, and respectively myocardial infarction (MI) and T2D. Our aim was to confirm the previous findings on a larger sample and to verify the independence of their susceptibility effects: rs2891168 associated with MI but not with T2D and rs10811661 associated with T2D but not with MI.
Genomic DNA samples of 2407 Italians with T2D (602 patients), who had had a recent MI (600), or had both diseases (600) and healthy controls (605) were genotyped for the two SNPs. The genotypes were determined by allelic discrimination using a fluorescent-based TaqMan assay.
SNP rs2891168 was associated with MI, but not with T2D and the G-allele odds ratio (OR) was 1.20 (95% CI 1.02-1.41); SNP rs10811661 was associated with T2D, but not with MI, and the T-allele OR was 1.27 (95% CI 1.04-1.55). ORs estimates from the present study and the PROCARDIS study were pooled and confirmed the previous findings, with greater precision.
Our replication study showed that rs2891168 and rs10811661 are independently associated respectively with MI and T2D in an Italian population. Pooling our results with those reported by the PROCARDIS group, we also obtained a significant result of association with diabetes for rs10811661 in the European population.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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