Objective
The goal of this study was to understand the association between children's neighborhood food access and overweight/obesity in a national sample of US households, and whether this ...association differs by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation or household purchases.
Methods
Data were obtained from the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (2012‐2013; n = 3,748 children aged 2 to 18 years). Logistic regression was used to examine associations between neighborhood retail food access (≤1 mile from home), food purchases (including sugary beverages), and overweight/obesity, stratified by SNAP status (1,720 participants, 453 eligible nonparticipants, 1,575 SNAP ineligible). Store types included supermarkets/grocery, combination grocery/other (independent drug, dollar, and general stores), convenience, fast food, and non–fast food restaurants.
Results
Odds of childhood overweight/obesity (OR 95% CI) were higher with greater access to combination grocery/other stores overall (1.10 1.03‐1.17) and for children in SNAP (1.14 1.05‐1.24). Eligible non‐SNAP children had higher odds of overweight/obesity with greater access to convenience stores (1.11 1.04‐1.18). The average child lived in a household with 6.3% of total spending at food outlets on sugary beverages (SNAP: 8.3%, eligible non‐SNAP: 7.7%, SNAP ineligible: 5.5%).
Conclusions
Greater neighborhood access to combination grocery/other stores is associated with higher obesity prevalence for children overall and those in SNAP.
In 2011, a National Academy of Medicine report recommended that packaged food in the U.S. display a uniform front-of-package nutrition label, using a system such as a 0–3 star ranking. Few studies ...have directly compared this to other labels to determine which best informs consumers and encourages healthier purchases. In 2013, we randomized adult participants (N=1247) in an Internet-based survey to one of six conditions: no label control; single traffic light; multiple traffic light; Facts Up Front; NuVal; or 0–3 star ranking. We compared groups on purchase intentions and accuracy of participants' interpretation of food labels. There were no differences in the nutritional quality of hypothetical shopping baskets across conditions (p=0.845). All labels improved consumers' abilities to judge the nutritional quality of foods relative to no label, but the best designs varied by outcomes. NuVal and multiple traffic light labels led to the greatest accuracy identifying the healthier of two products (p<0.001), while the multiple traffic light also led to the most accurate estimates of saturated fat, sugar, and sodium (p<0.001). The single traffic light outperformed other labels when participants compared nutrient levels between similar products (p<0.03). Single/multiple traffic light and Facts Up Front labels led to the most accurate calories per serving estimations (p<0.001). Although front-of-package labels helped participants more accurately assess products' nutrition information relative to no label, no conditions shifted adults' purchase intentions. Results did not point to a clearly superior label design, but they suggest that a 3-star label might not be best for educating consumers.
This Viewpoint discusses reforms to improve diet quality that should be considered in both federal nutrition assistance and the charitable food sector.
In 2012, Massachusetts implemented both the updated national school meal standards and comprehensive competitive food/beverage standards that closely align with current national requirements for ...school snacks.
This study examines the impact of these combined standards on school meal and snack food selections, as well as food choices outside of school. In addition, this study examines the impact of these standards on nutrients consumed.
The NOURISH (Nutrition Opportunities to Understand Reforms Involving Student Health) Study was an observational cohort study conducted among students from spring 2012 to spring 2013.
One hundred sixty students in 12 middle schools and high schools in Massachusetts completed two 24-hour recalls before (spring 2012) and after implementation (spring 2013) of the updated standards.
Changes in school meals, competitive food, and after-school snack selection, as well as nutrients consumed outside of school were examined.
Logistic regression and mixed-model analysis of variance were used to examine food selection and consumption.
After implementation, 13.6% more students chose a school meal (70.1% vs 56.5%; P=0.02). There were no differences in competitive food purchases but a significant decrease in the number of after-school unhealthy snacks consumed (0.69 standard error=0.08 vs 1.02 standard error=0.10; P=0.009). During the entire day, students consumed, on average, 22 fewer grams of sugar daily after implementation compared with before implementation (86 g vs 108 g; P=0.002).
With the reduction in the number of unhealthy school snacks, significantly more students selected school meals. Students did not compensate for lack of unhealthy snacks in school by increased consumption of unhealthy snacks outside of school. This provides important new evidence that both national school meal and snack policies may improve daily diet quality and should remain strong.
The purpose of this study was to analyse eventual kinematic and electromyographic changes during a maximal 200 m front crawl at race pace. 10 male international level swimmers performed a 200 m ...maximal front crawl test. Images were recorded by 2 above and 4 under water cameras, and electromyographic signals (EMG) of 7 upper and lower limbs muscles were analysed for 1 stroke cycle in each 50 m lap. Capillary blood lactate concentrations were collected before and after the test. The variables of interest were: swimming speed, stroke length, stroke and kick frequency, hand angular velocity, upper limb and foot displacement, elbow angle, shoulder and roll angle, duration of stroke phases, and EMG for each muscle in each stroke phase. Generally, the kinematic parameters decreased, and a relative duration increased for the entry and pull phases and decreased for the recovery phase. Muscle activation of flexor carpi radialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, peitoral major and upper trapezius increased during specific stroke phases over the test. Blood lactate concentration increased significantly after the test. These findings suggest the occurrence of fatigue, characterised by changes in kinematic parameters and selective changes in upper limbs muscle activation according to muscle action.
There is an urgent need to address unhealthy dietary patterns at the population level. Poor diet and physical inactivity are key drivers of the obesity pandemic, and they are among the leading causes ...of preventable death and disability in nearly every country in the world. As countries grapple with the growing obesity prevalence, many innovative policy options to reduce overeating and improve diet quality remain largely unexplored. We describe recent trends in eating habits and consequences for public health, vulnerabilities to unhealthy eating, and the role for public health policies. We reviewed recent public health policies to promote healthier diet patterns, including mandates, restrictions, economic incentives, marketing limits, information provision, and environmental defaults.
to determine the level of awareness regarding nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the prevalence and reasons for their consumption among athletes competing at the 2008 Brazil Ironman ...Triathlon (3.8 km swim, 180 km cycle and 42.2 km run).
survey study.
2008 Brazil Ironman Triathlon, Florianópolis, Brazil, May 2008.
327 Of the 1250 athletes competing at the 2008 Brazil Ironman Triathlon were enrolled in the study.
athletes answered a questionnaire about NSAID effects, side effects and consumption at the bike checkout or awards lunch.
196 (59.9%) Athletes reported using NSAIDs in the previous 3 months; of these, 25.5% (n=50), 17.9% (n=35) and 47.4% (n=93) consumed NSAIDs the day before, immediately before and during the race, respectively. Among NSAID users, 48.5% (n=95) consumed them without medical prescription. The main reason given for NSAID consumption in the previous 3 months was the treatment of injuries, while the main reason given for consuming NSAIDs during the race was pain prevention. Despite anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, most athletes were unaware of the effects of NSAIDs, and the only adverse effects known by most athletes were the gastrointestinal complications.
this study found a high prevalence of NSAID consumption, limited awareness of the effects and side effects of them and a high rate of nonprescribed use. It is suggested that long-distance triathlon events include in their programmes educational devices such as talks or folders about NSAID use, effects and side effects.
Abstract
For the CERN LHC phase 2, the barrel region of the CMS electromagnetic (ECAL EB) and hadronic calorimeters (HCAL HB) require new back-end electronics for their readout. To this purpose, a ...first version of the ATCA-based blade, the Barrel Calorimeter Processor (BCPv1), has been developed. The performance of the optical links as well as clock distribution are also presented here. The BCPv1 has been tested together with front-end and trigger boards, as well as with the new DAQ and TCDS Hub (DTH) 1, to demonstrate that the BCPv1 meets the required specifications.
Healthier Standards for School Meals and Snacks Cohen, Juliana F.W., ScD, ScM; Gorski, Mary T., ScM; Hoffman, Jessica A., PhD ...
American journal of preventive medicine,
10/2016, Letnik:
51, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Introduction In 2012, the updated U.S. Department of Agriculture school meals standards and a competitive food law similar to the fully implemented version of the national Smart Snack standards went ...into effect in Massachusetts. This study evaluated the impact of these updated school meal standards and Massachusetts’ comprehensive competitive food standards on school food revenues and school lunch participation. Methods Revenue and participation data from 11 Massachusetts school districts were collected from 2011 to 2014 and analyzed in 2015 using multilevel modeling. The association between the change in compliance with the competitive food standards and revenues/participation was assessed using linear regression. Results Schools experienced declines in school food revenues of $15.40/student in Year 1 from baseline ( p =0.05), due to competitive food revenue losses. In schools with 3 years of data, overall revenues rebounded by the second year post-implementation. Additionally, by Year 2, school lunch participation increased by 15% ( p =0.0006) among children eligible for reduced-price meals. Better competitive food compliance was inversely associated with school food revenues in the first year only; an absolute change in compliance by 10% was associated with a $9.78/student decrease in food revenues over the entire school year ( p =0.04). No association was seen between the change in compliance and school meal participation. Conclusions Schools experienced initial revenue losses after implementation of the standards, yet longer-term school food revenues were not impacted and school meal participation increased among children eligible for reduced-price meals. Weakening the school meal or competitive food guidelines based on revenue concerns appears unwarranted.
Introduction. Parents play a critical role in their children’s weight. This paper examines parents’ perceptions about the challenges to helping their kids maintain or achieve a healthy weight. ...Methods. We analyzed data in 2017 from a U.S. telephone poll conducted during October-November 2012 among parents or caregivers of children aged 2–17 years using a nationally representative sample of households. It included 667 White, 123 Black, and 167 Hispanic parents. Multiple logistic regressions were used to examine parent perceptions about the individual- and environmental-level challenges to helping their children maintain or achieve a healthy weight. Results. Overall, 45% of children have parents who reported challenges helping the child eat to maintain or achieve a healthy weight, and 35% have parents who reported challenges for exercise. According to parents, most children consumed snacks between 3 pm and bedtime during the school week (83%), and 63% of those children had an unhealthy snack. Parents did not express much concern about unhealthy snacks; 80% of children had parents who said that they did not mind since their child generally ate healthy food. Children with Hispanic and Black parents were more likely than those with White parents to have parents reporting environment challenges, such as unhealthy foods in schools. Conclusions. Helping children maintain a healthy weight through diet is a problem for many parents, regardless of their race or ethnicity. Differences by race/ethnicity in parent perceptions of food environment challenges to helping their child maintain or achieve a healthy weight suggest possible areas for future interventions.
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