An investigation has been made of the drug removal properties and blood compatibility of activated charcoal and resin haemoadsorbents . The adsorbents were Norit RBX1 peat-based extruded charcoal, ...spherical charcoal as used in the Sorin Biomedica Detoxyl 2 column and 2 cross-linked polystyrene-based macroreticular resins. Drug removal properties were assessed in terms of in vitro adsorption efficiency of each adsorbent for 11 different drugs. The blood compatibility of the charcoals and macroreticular resins was evaluated in an in vitro haemoperfusion circuit by measuring the changes in platelet and leucocyte levels in human blood caused by contact with the adsorbent. The results of the investigation indicate advantages in using spherical charcoal haemoadsorbents .
1 Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
2 Institute of Food Research, Reading Laboratory, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 2EF, United Kingdom
* Corresponding ...author. Present address: University of Akureyri, P.O. Box 224, IS-602, Akureyri, Iceland. Phone: 354 46 30900. Fax: 354 46 30998. Electronic mail address: J.Orlygsson{at}unak.is .
ABSTRACT
Strain 30A T (T = type strain), which was isolated from an anaerobic bioreactor fed on waste from a potato starch factory in De Krim, The Netherlands, is a nonmotile, gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped organism that is able to degrade various amino acids, including alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, serine, and threonine. Acetate is required as an electron acceptor for the utilization of alanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine. Other growth substrates, including pyruvate, -ketobutyrate, -ketoisocaproate, -keto-3-methylvalerate, -ketoisovalerate, and peptone, are intermediates in amino acid catabolism. Strain 30A T utilizes neither the branched-chain amino acids nor alanine via interspecies hydrogen transfer with methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria or via the Stickland reaction with proline or glycine as an electron acceptor. No growth occurs with the following electron acceptors: fumarate, nitrate, nitrite, sulfite, sulfate, and oxygen. Yeast extract is required for growth. Sugars are not degraded. The optimal temperature and optimal pH for growth are 39 to 43°C and 6.4 to 7.6, respectively. The results of a 16S rRNA sequence analysis phylogenetically placed strain 30A T in Clostridium group I (genus Clostridium sensu stricto), where it forms a new and distinct line of descent.
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