This paper presents the functionality and architecture of a new conference-control management system called Confman 2.0. It enables the user to initiate and participate in online conferences based on ...current Internet standards. Supported system platforms include Unix workstations and Microsoft operating systems as well. Starting with a short description of current Internet conferencing technology the paper describes Confman's conference-control functionality and gives a brief overview of Confman's distributed software architecture.
The detection of the free precession of co‐located 3He/129Xe nuclear spins (clock comparison) is used as ultra‐sensitive probe for non‐magnetic spin interactions, since the magnetic dipole ...interaction (Zeeman‐term) drops out in the weighted frequency difference, i.e., Δω = ωHe‐ γHe/γXe·ωXe of the respective Larmor frequencies. Recent results are reported on searches for (i) short‐range P‐ and T‐violating interactions between nucleons, and (ii) Lorentz violating signatures by monitoring the Larmor frequencies as the laboratory reference frame rotates with respect to distant stars (sidereal modulation). Finally, a new experimental initiative to search for an electric dipole moment of 129Xe (CP‐violation) is discussed, which strongly benefits from the long spin‐coherence times obtained, reaching T2,He*> 100 h and T2,Xe*> 8 h in case of 3He and 129Xe, respectively.
The detection of the free precession of co‐located 3He/129Xe nuclear spins (clock comparison) is used as ultra‐sensitive probe for non‐magnetic spin interactions, since the magnetic dipole interaction (Zeeman‐term) drops out in the weighted frequency difference, i.e., Δω = ωHe‐ γHe/γXe·ωXe of the respective Larmor frequencies. Recent results are reported on searches for (i) short‐range P‐ and T‐violating interactions between nucleons, and (ii) Lorentz violating signatures by monitoring the Larmor frequencies as the laboratory reference frame rotates with respect to distant stars (sidereal modulation). Finally, a new experimental initiative to search for an electric dipole moment of 129Xe (CP‐violation) is discussed, which strongly benefits from the long spin‐coherence times obtained, reaching T*2,He> 100 h and T*2,Xe> 8 h in case of 3He and 129Xe, respectively.
Forest soils represent a large carbon pool and already small changes in this pool may have an important effect on the global carbon cycle. To predict the future development of the soil organic carbon ...(SOC) pool, well-validated models are needed. We applied the litter and soil carbon model Yasso15 to 1838 plots of the German national forest soil inventory (NFSI) for the period between 1985 and 2014 to enables a direct comparison to the NFSI measurements. In addition, to provide data for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory, we simulated the development of SOC with Yasso15 applying a climate projection based on the RCP8.5 scenario. The initial model-calculated SOC stocks were adjusted to the measured ones in the NFSI.
On average, there were no significant differences between the simulated SOC changes (0.25 ± 0.10 Mg C ha−1 a−1) and the NFSI data (0.39 ± 0.11 Mg C ha−1 a−1). Comparing regional soil-unit-specific aggregates of the SOC changes, the correlation between both methods was significant (r2 = 0.49) although the NFSI values had a wider range and more negative values. In the majority of forest types, representing 75% of plots, both methods produced similar estimates of the SOC balance. Opposite trends were found in mountainous coniferous forests on acidic soils. These soils had lost carbon according to the NFSI (−0.89 ± 0.30 Mg C ha−1 a−1) whereas they had gained it according to Yasso15 (0.21 ± 0.10 Mg C ha−1 a−1). In oligotrophic pine forests, the NFSI indicated high SOC gains (1.36 ± 0.17 Mg C ha−1 a−1) and Yasso15 much smaller (0.29 ± 0.10 Mg C ha−1 a−1).
According to our results, German forest soils are a large carbon sink. The application of the Yasso15 model supports the results of the NFSI. The sink strength differs between forest types possibly because of differences in organic matter stabilisation.
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•Soil organic carbon balances were examined for German forest soil inventory (NFSI).•Results from the litter and soil carbon model Yasso15 were compared with NFSI-values.•On average soil organic carbon balances are comparable between Yasso15 and the NFSI.•In coniferous forests on base-poor soils results from both methods deviate.•Temperate forest soils are a large carbon sink, which differs between forest types.
A co-located 3He and 129Xe nuclear spin free precession measurement at sub-μT magnetic field was carried out in a magnetically shielded environment. The uncorrected quotient of the gyromagnetic ...ratios between neutral 3He and 129Xe atoms is determined to be 2.754 082 81(07), accounting for only statistical error. Our measurement shows that this ratio has a stability of 1.4×10-5 √τ, demonstrating the ability to reach the current precision limit of the quotient in a 10000 s of averaging time τ. This precision is enough for the next-generation EDM search in neutral 129Xe atoms based on a similar comagnetometer scheme.
Abstract
Background
Infectious complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation.
Methods
In this transplant cohort study at the German Center of Infectious ...Diseases (DZIF), we evaluated all infections occurring during the first year after renal transplantation. We assessed microbial etiology, incidence rates, and temporal occurrence of these infections.
Results
Of 804 renal transplant recipients (65.2% male, 51 ± 14 years), 439 (54.6%) had 972 infections within the first year after transplantation. Almost half of these infections (47.8%) occurred within the first 3 months. Bacteria were responsible for 66.4% (645/972) of all infections, followed by viral (28.9% 281/972) and fungal (4.7% 46/972) pathogens. The urinary tract was the most common site of infection (42.4%). Enterococcus was the most frequently isolated bacterium (20.9%), followed by E. coli (17.6%) and Klebsiella (12.5%). E. coli was the leading pathogen in recipients <50 years of age, whereas Enterococcus predominated in older recipients. Resistant bacteria were responsible for at least 1 infection in 9.5% (76/804) of all recipients. Viral infections occurred in 201 recipients (25.0%). Of these, herpes viruses predominated (140/281 49.8%), and cytomegalovirus had the highest incidence rate (12.3%). In the 46 fungal infections, Candida albicans (40.8%) was the most commonly isolated. Other fungal opportunistic pathogens, including Aspergillus fumigatus and Pneumocystis, were rare.
Conclusions
Renal allograft recipients in Germany experience a high burden of infectious complications in the first year after transplantation. Bacteria were the predominating pathogen, followed by opportunistic infections such as cytomegalovirus. Microbial etiology varied between age groups, and resistant bacteria were identified in 10% of recipients.
Die bundesweite Bodenzustandserhebung im Wald (BZE) ist ein zentrales Element des forstlichen Umweltmonitorings. Sie erfasst Zustand und Veränderungen von Waldböden auf einem bundesweiten ...Stichprobennetz. Die Geschichte der BZE reicht mehr als 30 Jahre zurück. Erstmalig wurde die BZE im Zeitraum zwischen 1987 und 1993 und wiederholt zwischen 2006 und 2008 durchgeführt. Die BZE ist ein Gemeinschaftsprojekt des Bundes und der Bundesländer. Die Bundesländer erheben die Daten, führen die Laboranalysen durch und werten die Daten für Ihr Gebiet aus. Der Bund koordiniert das Projekt, speichert die Daten zentral in der BZE-Bundesdatenbank und ist für die bundesweite Auswertung zuständig. Um standardisierte und reproduzierbare Werte zu erheben, wurden die Methoden bundesweit abgestimmt und in den Arbeitsanleitungen zur BZE beschrieben. Methodische Abweichungen von diesen Standardmethoden sind historisch bedingt oder länderspezifischen Fragestellungen und Interessen geschuldet. Die Dokumentation aller BZE-Methoden erfordert das Zusammenführung verschiedenster Quellen (Waldbodenzustandsberichte der Bundesländer, Protokolle der Bund-Länder-Sitzungen, Angaben aus der Bundesdatenbank, Methodencode, dem Handbuch der forstlichen Analytik, Vorstudien und Berichten zum Qualitätsmanagement). Um die Daten der BZE-Inventuren vergleichend auswerten zu können, war die Integration von BZE I-Daten in die BZE-Bundesdatenbank nötig. Dazu wurden verschiedenste Daten-Harmonisierungsschritte vollzogen wie z.B. die Anpassung der Verschlüsselung an aktuelle Vorgaben und die Beurteilung der Vergleichbarkeit bei Methodenwechseln. Die vorliegende Publikation dient in erster Linie dazu all diese Datentransferschritte transparent darzustellen. Zentrales Ziel ist es jeden Primärparameter, d.h. jeden erhobenen oder analytisch bestimmten Parameter methodisch und technisch zu beschreiben. Der Weg von der Erhebung bzw. Analyse bis zur Speicherung und Verarbeitung in der BZE-Bundesdatenbank wird aufgezeigt.
We report on the search for a new spin-dependent P- and T-violating interaction between nucleons mediated by light, pseudoscalar bosons such as the axion which was invented to solve the strong CP ...problem. Our experimental approach is to use an ultra-sensitive low-field magnetometer based on the detection of free precession of co-located 3He and 129Xe nuclear spins using SQUIDs as low-noise magnetic flux detectors. In the presence of an unpolarized mass the precession frequency shif
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