Protein complexes are key molecular entities that integrate multiple gene products to perform cellular functions. Here we report the first genome-wide screen for complexes in an organism, budding ...yeast, using affinity purification and mass spectrometry. Through systematic tagging of open reading frames (ORFs), the majority of complexes were purified several times, suggesting screen saturation. The richness of the data set enabled a de novo characterization of the composition and organization of the cellular machinery. The ensemble of cellular proteins partitions into 491 complexes, of which 257 are novel, that differentially combine with additional attachment proteins or protein modules to enable a diversification of potential functions. Support for this modular organization of the proteome comes from integration with available data on expression, localization, function, evolutionary conservation, protein structure and binary interactions. This study provides the largest collection of physically determined eukaryotic cellular machines so far and a platform for biological data integration and modelling.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We investigate the statistical properties and the origin of the scatter within the spatially resolved surface brightness profiles of the CHEX–MATE sample, formed by 118 galaxy clusters selected via ...the SZ effect. These objects have been drawn from the
Planck
SZ catalogue and cover a wide range of masses,
M
500
= 2 − 15×10
14
M
⊙
, and redshift,
z
= 0.05, 0.6. We derived the surface brightness and emission measure profiles and determined the statistical properties of the full sample and sub-samples according to their morphology, mass, and redshift. We found that there is a critical scale,
R
∼ 0.4
R
500
, within which morphologically relaxed and disturbed object profiles diverge. The median of each sub-sample differs by a factor of ∼10 at 0.05
R
500
. There are no significant differences between mass- and redshift-selected sub-samples once proper scaling is applied. We compare CHEX–MATE with a sample of 115 clusters drawn from the T
HE
T
HREE
H
UNDRED
suite of cosmological simulations. We found that simulated emission measure profiles are systematically steeper than those of observations. For the first time, the simulations were used to break down the components causing the scatter between the profiles. We investigated the behaviour of the scatter due to object-by-object variation. We found that the high scatter, approximately 110%, at
R
< 0.4
R
500
Y
SZ
is due to a genuine difference between the distribution of the gas in the core of the clusters. The intermediate scale,
R
500
Y
SZ
= 0.4−0.8, is characterised by the minimum value of the scatter on the order of 0.56, indicating a region where cluster profiles are the closest to the self-similar regime. Larger scales are characterised by increasing scatter due to the complex spatial distribution of the gas. Also for the first time, we verify that the scatter due to projection effects is smaller than the scatter due to genuine object-by-object variation in all the considered scales.
In this study, we screened sixty medicinal plant species from the
Brazilian savanna ("cerrado") that could contain useful compounds for
the control of tropical diseases. The plant selection was based ...on
existing ethnobotanic information and interviews with local healers.
Plant extracts were screened for: (a) molluscicidal activity against
Biomphalaria glabrata , (b) toxicity to brine shrimp ( Artemia salina
L.), (c) antifungal activity in the bioautographic assay with
Cladosporium sphaerospermum and (d) antibacterial activity in the agar
diffusion assay against Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli ,
Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Forty-two species afforded
extracts that showed some degree of activity in one or more of these
bioassays.
The Cluster HEritage project with XMM-Newton – Mass Assembly and Thermodynamics at the Endpoint of structure formation (CHEX-MATE) is a three-mega-second Multi-Year Heritage Programme to obtain X-ray ...observations of a minimally-biased, signal-to-noise-limited sample of 118 galaxy clusters detected by Planck through the Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect. The programme, described in detail in this paper, aims to study the ultimate products of structure formation in time and mass. It is composed of a census of the most recent objects to have formed (Tier-1: 0.05 < z < 0.2; 2 × 1014 M⊙ < M500 < 9 × 1014 M⊙), together with a sample of the highest mass objects in the Universe (Tier-2: z < 0.6; M500 > 7.25 × 1014 M⊙). The programme will yield an accurate vision of the statistical properties of the underlying population, measure how the gas properties are shaped by collapse into the dark matter halo, uncover the provenance of non-gravitational heating, and resolve the major uncertainties in mass determination that limit the use of clusters for cosmological parameter estimation. We will acquire X-ray exposures of uniform depth, designed to obtain individual mass measurements accurate to 15 − 20% under the hydrostatic assumption. We present the project motivations, describe the programme definition, and detail the ongoing multi-wavelength observational (lensing, SZ, radio) and theoretical effort that is being deployed in support of the project.
We have identified a novel gene, transducin (β)–like 1 (
TBL1), in the Xp22.3 genomic region, that shows high homology with members of the WD-40–repeat protein family. The gene contains 18 exons ...spanning ∼150 kb of the genomic region adjacent to the ocular albinism gene (
OA1) on the telomeric side. However, unlike
OA1, TBL1 is transcribed from telomere to centromere. Northern analysis indicates that
TBL1 is ubiquitously expressed, with two transcripts of ∼2.1 kb and 6.0 kb. The open reading frame encodes a 526–amino acid protein, which shows the presence of six β-transducin repeats (WD-40 motif) in the C-terminal domain. The homology with known β-subunits of G proteins and other WD-40–repeat containing proteins is restricted to the WD-40 motif. Genomic analysis revealed that the gene is either partly or entirely deleted in patients carrying Xp22.3 terminal deletions. The complexity of the contiguous gene–syndrome phenotype shared by these patients depends on the number of known disease genes involved in the deletions. Interestingly, one patient carrying a microinterstitial deletion involving the 3′ portion of both
TBL1 and
OA1 shows the
OA1 phenotype associated with X-linked late-onset sensorineural deafness. We postulate an involvement of
TBL1 in the pathogenesis of the ocular albinism with late-onset sensorineural deafness phenotype.
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) was flown on the space shuttle Discovery during flight STS-91 (June 1998) in a 51.7° orbit at altitudes between 320 and.A search for antihelium nuclei in the ...rigidity range 1–was performed. No antihelium nuclei were detected at any rigidity. An upper limit on the flux ratio of antihelium to helium of <1.1×10−6 was obtained.The high energy proton, electron, positron, helium, antiproton and deuterium spectra were accurately measured.For each particle and nuclei two distinct spectra were observed: a higher energy spectrum and a substantial second spectrum. Positrons in the second spectrum were found to be much more abundant than electrons. Tracing particles from the second spectra shows that most of them travel for an extended period of time in the geomagnetic field, and that the positive particles (p and e+) and negative ones (e−) originate from two complementary geographic regions. The second helium spectrum flux over the energy range 0.1–was measured to be . Over 90 percent of the helium flux was determined to be at the 90% confidence level. (Elsevier)
Ethanol extracts of 83 plants species belonging to the Asteraceae
(Compositae) family, collected in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil,
were tested for larvicidal activity against the mosquito Aedes
...fluviatilis - Diptera: Culicidae). The extract from Tagetes minuta was
the most active with a LC90 of 1.5 mg/l and LC50 of 1.0 mg/l. This
plant has been the object of several studies by other groups and its
active components have already been identified as thiophene
derivatives, a class of compounds present in many Asteraceae species.
The extract of Eclipta paniculata was also significantly active, with a
LC90 of 17.2 mg/l and LC50 of 3.3 mg/l and no previous studies on its
larvicidal activity or chemical composition could be found in the
literature. Extracts of Achryrocline satureoides, Gnaphalium spicatum,
Senecio brasiliensis, Trixis vauthieri, Tagetes patula and Vernonia
ammophila were less active, killing more than 50% of the larvae only at
the higher dose tested (100 mg/l).
Plants traditionally employed for the treatment of malaria in certain areas of Brazil, where this disease is prevalent, were surveyed by interviewing natives and migrants in the Amazon Region. ...Forty-one plants used for malarial treatment and/or for the related symptoms (fever and liver disorders) were collected and identified. Given the potential of Brazil's forests and medicinal plants, research on traditional plant-based remedies in this country may lead to the development of new drugs.
PDF
