Diverses formes de tensions (entre la norme et l’exception, la moralité et son contraire, le classique et le populaire, l’officiel et l’officieux) sont à l’œuvre dans l’histoire de l’art ...latino-américain, et la transgression y émerge comme une sorte de saturation des situations limites. La transgression met en scène l’opposition entre ces tensions, soit par un nouvel élan d’imagination et de créativité, soit par la disparition des événements. C’est ainsi que l’idée de transgression peut être considérée comme un moteur de transformation dans des situations diverses, compte tenu du fait que l’esprit critique renaît en un « principe de contestation » (Maurice Blanchot, 2010), se définissant comme un effort de penser et d’agir d’une manière différente. São representativas na história da arte latino-americana as tensões entre a norma e a contravenção, a moralidade e a imoralidade, o clássico e o popular, o oficial e o extraoficial, o Novo e o Velho Mundo. Neste jogo de forças, observamos que a transgressão emerge de uma espécie de saturação diante de situações-limite, visto que a ação de transgredir põe em cena o extravasamento das relações, seja mediante um ímpeto novo de imaginação e criatividade, seja pela suspensão dos acontecimentos. Assim, a ideia de transgressão pode ser considerada como impulso de transformação em situações variadas, já que reacende o espírito crítico através daquilo que Blanchot chamou de princípio de contestação 1 e que se define como um esforço de pensar e agir de um modo outro.
PURPOSE: to determine the role of RPLND for residual masses following chiotherapy in patients with non-siinomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) stage T1N2 and T1N3 (IIB and IIC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: ...We have preformed retrospective analysis of 11 patients who underwent RPLND for residual masses following chiotherapy in an oncologic reference center between January 1997 and Deciber 2002. All patients harbored either pure nonsiinomatous or mixed tumors in the testis tissue and had undergone 4 cycles of primary chiotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin. The residual masses were assessed by abdominal computed tomography preoperatively. RESULTS: There were perioperative complications in 3 cases owing to vascular iatrogenic lesion. One of who died in the early postoperative period due to extensive iliac thrombosis. The other 2 patients had an inferior vena cava injury owing to the difficulty in rioving the attached lymph nodes. The injuries were repaired by continuous suture with Prolene 5-0. All patients had tumors in the final pathological report and were referred to other 2 cycles of chiotherapy with the same drugs. Seven patients (63.3%) had complete response and riained free of the disease in a mean follow up of 38.3 months (ranging from 12 to 72). The riaining 3 patients had disease progression, 2 of which died 6 and 12 months after surgery, respectively, and one patient missed the follow-up after salvage chiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for residual masses after chiotherapy is a high-morbidity procedure, even by experienced surgeons, although it riains an efficient modality of treatment in advanced germ cell carcinoma. The high frequency of tumor found in the RPLFN following chiotherapy might have been caused by the small number of patients in this study.
We have prepared a novel polycarbazolyldiacetylene (polyDCHD-HS) soluble in several organic solvents. The electronic absorption spectra in different solvents show the presence of the red form of the ...polymer with the excitonic absorption peak around 540
nm. Thin films with thickness in the range 0.02–2.5
μm were prepared by the spin cast technique to characterize the linear optical properties and test the possibility of obtaining guided propagation of light. Films from chloroform solution, though with considerable surface roughness, allowed the measure of the TE and TM refractive indices at both 849 and 1321 wavelengths. Higher quality films, obtained from toluene, allowed to observe a substantial improvement in the waveguiding properties. The results here reported seem quite promising in view of future photonics applications.
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