Cascade
is a full hadron level Monte Carlo event generator for
ep
,
γp
and
and
pp
processes, which uses the CCFM evolution equation for the initial state cascade in a backward evolution approach ...supplemented with off-shell matrix elements for the hard scattering. A detailed program description is given, with emphasis on parameters the user wants to change and common block variables which completely specify the generated events.
The article сarries out an analysis of the practices of using electronic social networks (Facebook, Twitter, Vkontakte, etc.) in the study of migration processes. The paper shows how alternative to ...traditional sources (administrative, surveys) data allow us to form an up-to-date idea of the spatial-temporal and socio-demographic characteristics of migration. The authors study the integration of migrants in destination countries, including difficulties of assimilation and identity preservation, geography of migration flows, migration due to natural disasters and political reasons, intellectual and labour migration. The specificity of the data generated by social networks is that they cover the entire population and are produced in real time.
The paper highlights the search for the necessary information using the means of platforms – advertising plugins, geolocation in posts and information directly collected from users, the functioning of certain communities, published comments.
The study also gives important methodological features, the success of the results of any research conducted through the analysis of electronic social networks depends on the consideration of which. The problem of the information obtained with their help lies in such limitations as accessibility (technical features of specific platforms), representativeness (insufficient development of statistical techniques for evaluation) and variability of user preferences. In conclusion, the authors conclude about the prospects of using digital mass communication media in the study of migration processes.
The scientific and practical significance of the research paper lies in the fact that it complements the literature on the topic under consideration, being the first systematic review of it in the Russian language, and also provides recommendations on the use of the information obtained.
The article presents a methodology for assessing the level of social tension according to the data of electronic social networks. The calculation of the level of social tension according to the ...specified method is carried out automatically using software tools and requires the participation of the researcher only at the level of an analytical conclusion. An approach to identifying the dissatisfaction of the population at the level of the simplest actions of social network accounts has been described in detail. The necessity of identifying certain spheres of public life for the identification of population discontent has been substantiated, the indicated spheres have been highlighted and described. An indicator has been developed that makes it possible to calculate the level of social tension within each of the identified spheres of public life, taking into account the level of negative messages (posts and comments) and the discussion of each topic. A generalising indicator of the level of social tension has been developed, combining individual indicators of tension by topic. The calculation of the generalising indicator makes it possible to identify the level of social tension in a region or other territorial entity and track its dynamics in any perspective, including retrospectively.
The proposed methodology for assessing social tension based on data from electronic social networks differs significantly from existing sociological and statistical approaches. Its main advantage lies in the minimal time lag between the dynamics of social tension, reflected in the social network, and its identification, which expands the possibilities of a prompt response to the growth of negative moods in society. Another difference of the proposed approach is the possibility of multiple repetitions of calculations with minimal, in contrast to the sociological method, the cost of additional resources for each subsequent iteration of the calculation of the indicator value.
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An analysis of the current status and future directions of developing medicines for the prevention and early treatment of radiation damage has been conducted. Among radioprotectors, only B-190 ...(Indralin) is approved for use in the Russian Federation; the main radioprotector in foreign countries is amifostine (Ethyol). Some prospects in the development of new radioprotectors are associated with inhibitors of NO-synthases from the class of
N
-acyl-
S
-alkyl-substituted isothiourea derivatives, among which chemical compounds with a pronounced radioprotective effect are found. A recombinant human interleukin-1β (Betaleukin) has been registered in Russia as a radiomitigator intended for use in the early period after accidental irradiation. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the investigational new drug status for seven radiomitigators, including 5-androstenediol (Neumune), genistein (BIO 300), CBLB502 (Entolimod), a kinase inhibitor ON01210 (Ex-RAD), recombinant human interleukin-12 (HemaMax), beclomethasone (OrbeShield), and a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, Neupogen). Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate (Latran) was registered as an antiemetic drug for prevention and therapy of the primary response to radiation in Russia, and granisetron (Kytril) was registered as an antiemetic drug upon irradiation abroad. Potassium iodide, potassium ferric hexacyanoferrate (Ferrocin), diethylenetriaminepentaacetate calcium trisodium (Pentacin, calcium trisodium pentetate), and 2,3-dimercaptopropansulfonate sodium (Unithiol) are used in Russia for the prevention and treatment of damage from irradiation via incorporated radionuclides. Potassium iodide (ThyroShield), diethylenetriaminepentaacetate zinc trisodium (Zn-DTPA, Pentetate zinc trisodium), diethylenetriaminepentaacetate calcium trisodium (Ca-DTPA, Pentetate calcium trisodium), and ferric hexacyanoferrate (Prussian blue, Radiogardase) are used as decorporation agents abroad. Cytokines, vitamins, low-molecular compounds, inhibitors of apoptosis, etc., are considered promising means for the prevention and early treatment of radiation damage.
Abstract
This study aims at the issues of evaluating the effectiveness of organizations and determining significant factors for its improvement. Effectiveness valuation is measured by the distance of ...the organization to the efficient production frontier (EPF). We consider two main approaches to the construction of EPF: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). We analyzed and compared these approaches, applying the developed procedures to evaluate the effectiveness of two groups of organizations from different production sectors (mechanical engineering and oil refining). We conducted 1) building empirical estimates of technological efficiency, 2) identifying factors that contribute to the technological inefficiency of the organization, 3) comparing efficiency factors and inefficiency factors for two groups of enterprises.
Higgs boson as a gluon trigger Cipriano, P.; Dooling, S.; Grebenyuk, A. ...
Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology,
11/2013, Letnik:
88, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In the forthcoming high-luminosity phase at the LHC, many of the most interesting measurements for precision QCD studies are hampered by conditions of large pileup, particularly at not very high ...transverse momenta. We study observables based on measuring ratios of color-singlet currents via Higgs boson and Drell-Yan production, which may be accessed also at large pileup, and used for an experimental program on QCD physics of gluon fusion processes in the LHC high-luminosity runs. We present results of Monte Carlo calculations for a few specific examples.
In optical coherence microscopy (OCM) with a given numerical aperture (NA) of the objectives the transverse resolution can be increased by increasing the numerical aperture of illumination (NAi). ...However, this may also lead to attenuation of the signal with defocus preventing the effective numerically focused 3D imaging of the required sample volume. This paper presents an approach to structuring the illumination aperture, which allows combining the advantages of increased transverse resolution (peculiar to high NAi) with small attenuation of the signal with defocus (peculiar to low NAi) for high-resolution numerically focused 3D imaging in OCM.
The article deals with the evolution of the Russian emigration processes at the turn of the 21st century. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the Russian emigration flows over the ...past 25 years, the authors highlighted five emigration waves characterized by their main emigrant categories and emigration channels. Attention has been given not only to the size of the emigration flows but also to the emigration flow’s own compositional characteristics, especially age structure. The authors’ bench¬mark analysis of the Russian emigration data provided by the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation and the data on Russian immigrants provided by the national statistics services of foreign countries showed the overwhelming quantitative discrepancies in the migration flows set out in the Russian statistics, thus underestimating the intensity of emigration.
In experiments on mice, the radioprotective and therapeutic effectiveness of the combined use of the selenium-containing feed additive DAFS-25k and the iodine-containing drug Monclavit-1 was studied. ...It was shown that intragastric administration of an oil solution of DAFS-25k three hours before the total external single exposure to
137
Cs γ-radiation, at a dose of 6.0 Gy, at a dose rate of 0.99 Gy/min followed by intragastric administration of an aqueous solution of Monclavit-1 after 12 hours increases the survival rate of irradiated animals to 67% against 17% in the control. At the same time, the frequency of gastrointestinal syndrome in the mice with the combined use of DAFS-25k in the dose range before irradiation and Monclavit-1 after irradiation decreased to 50 and 42% against 100% in the control of irradiation. Supplements of iodine and selenium in the composition of the DAFS-25k and Monclavit-1 drugs favorably affect the absolute content of leukocytes and platelets in the peripheral blood of the irradiated mice, reducing the severity of leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia during the “height” of acute radiation damage and accelerating the recovery of the population of these shaped elements. It is assumed that the possible mechanisms of radioprotective effectiveness are the antioxidant activity of selenium compounds in DAFS-25k and normalization of thyroid function and relief of gastrointestinal syndrome through the expressed antimicrobial activity of Monclavit-1.
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A classification of radiomitigators, i.e., antiradiation agents for prevention or reduction of the severity of clinical manifestations of acute radiation syndrome and its delayed and long-term ...clinical consequences, has been proposed. In the classification proposed, radiomitigators used for prophylaxis and treatment of the immediate and remote clinical manifestations of acute radiation syndrome are divided into the following main groups: means (drugs) for treatment of the bone marrow syndrome; means for treatment of the gastrointestinal syndrome; means for treatment of local and subtotal manifestations of radiation injuries; means for prevention and treatment of delayed and long-term effects of irradiation. A list and brief characteristics of the most promising radiomitigators from the groups of cytokines, growth factors, antioxidants, immunomodulators, steroid hormone analogues, and apoptosis blockers are given.
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