Data obtained with two detectors located at the Tunka Cosmic Ray facility are presented. The Cherenkov light array for registration of extensive air showers (EAS) Tunka-133 collected data during 5 ...winter seasons since 2009 to 2014. The differential energy spectrum of all particles and the dependence of the average maximum depth on the energy in the range of 6 · 1015−1018 eV measured for 1540 hours of observation are presented. The preliminary all particle energy spectrum by the data of Tunka-HiSCORE prototype array, installed in 2013, is presented. Some additional experiments in the Tunka Valley are briefly described.
The EAS Cherenkov light array Tunka-133, with ~ 3 km2 geometric area, is taking data since 2009.The array permits a detailed study of energy spectrum and mass composition of cosmic rays in the ...energy range from 6 · 1015 to 1018 eV. We describe the methods of time and amplitude calibration of the array and the methods of EAS parameters reconstruction. We present the all-particle energy spectrum, based on 7 seasons of operation.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus affects more than 7 million Americans,
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leading annually to 2.8 million hospitalizations,
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more than 300,000 deaths,
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and more than $100 billion in total costs.
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Improved ...glycemic control is known to slow the onset and progression of microvascular complications, but its effect on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has not been demonstrated conclusively.
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,
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In the absence of completely effective treatment, primary prevention is an attractive, though hypothetical, option. Prevention programs depend on the identification of potentially modifiable risk factors. For example, adiposity, physical inactivity, and insulin resistance, all of which were identified in epidemiologic studies as strong risk . . .
The study of the cosmic ray mass composition in the energy range 1016 - 1018 eV is one of the main aims of Tunka-133. This EAS Cherenkov array started data acquisition in the Tunka Valley (50 km from ...Lake Baikal) in autumn 2009. Tunka-133 provides a measurement of the EAS maximum depth (Xmax) with an accuracy of about 30 g/cm2. Further mass composition analyses at the highest energies (1017 - 1018 eV) will be based on the comparison of primary energy measured by the radio method and the densities of charged particles measured by shielded and unshielded detectors. The high duty cycle of the common operation of the new scintillation array (Tunka-Grande) and the radio extension of the experiment (Tunka-REX) will provide a high statistics of events.
Depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes is an important clinical problem in bone marrow transplantation
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–
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and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
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Yet the mechanisms by which CD4+ T ...lymphocytes regenerate are poorly understood. In 1961 Miller discovered the importance of the thymus in T-cell development in his studies of neonatally thymectomized mice.
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Since then, extensive studies have elucidated the role of the thymus in fetal T-cell development,
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and there has been a general acceptance of the view that the thymus plays an ongoing part in T-cell generation. This view underlies the concept that HIV infection of the thymus contributes to . . .
The Tunka-Grande array is part of an experimental complex located in the Tunka Valley (Republic of Buryatia, Russia) about 50 km from Lake Baikal. This complex also contains the Tunka-133 and ...Tunka-Rex arrays. The aim of this complex is to study the primary cosmic ray energy spectrum and mass composition in the energy range of 10
16
–10
18
eV, and to search for diffuse gamma rays in the energy range of 5 × 10
16
–5 × 10
17
eV. The design of the Tunka-Grande array and the procedure for reconstructing the parameters of extensive air showers (EASes) are described, and preliminary results are presented from the search for diffuse gamma rays with energies of more than 5 × 10
16
eV.
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