I reported findings from a case study intended to investigate the perceptions related to support for Culturally Relevant Pedagogy (CRP) in literacy instruction of a three-person elementary school ...leadership team in an urban school district in a Midwestern state. I utilized data from artifact analysis, semi-structured one-on-one interviews, and a focus group meeting to analyze the ways in which these school leaders engaged within their leadership roles to support CRP implementation. Framed by instructional leadership and CRP, I situated the analysis within existing research. My findings indicated that participants perceived that instructional leadership practices, specifically practices focused on distributive leadership, relationships and trust-building, and instructional coaching- enacted with CRP emphasis, along with appropriate curriculum materials, were supportive of CRP implementation in literacy instruction. Keywords: instructional leadership, culturally relevant pedagogy, CRP, literacy instruction
Glucose transporter isoform 4 (GLUT4) is the insulin-responsive glucose transporter mediating glucose uptake in adipose and skeletal muscle. Reduced GLUT4 translocation from intracellular storage ...compartments to the plasma membrane is a cause of peripheral insulin resistance. Using a chronic hyperinsulinemia (CHI)-induced cell model of insulin resistance and Rab5 mutant overexpression, we determined these manipulations altered endosomal sorting of GLUT4, thus contributing to the development of insulin resistance. We found that CHI induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by retaining GLUT4 in a Rab5-activity-dependent compartment that is unable to equilibrate with the cell surface in response to insulin. Furthermore, CHI-mediated retention of GLUT4 in this non-insulin-responsive compartment impaired filling of the transferrin receptor (TfR)-positive and TfR-negative insulin-responsive storage compartments. Our data suggest that hyperinsulinemia may inhibit GLUT4 by chronically maintaining GLUT4 in the Rab5 activity-dependent endosomal pathway and impairing formation of the TfR-negative and TfR-positive insulin-responsive GLUT4 pools. This model suggests that an early event in the development of insulin-resistant glucose transport in adipose tissue is to alter the intracellular localization of GLUT4 to a compartment that does not efficiently equilibrate with the cell surface when insulin levels are elevated for prolonged periods of time.
Die beskikbaarheid van meertalige woordeboeke is deurslaggewend, nie slegs vir direkte teikengebruikers nie, maar ook vir indirekte teikengebruikers soos menslike taaltegnoloě, veral in die geval van ...tale met skaars hulpbronne, soos byvoorbeeld Venda. In hierdie artikel word die optimale benutting van gratis elektroniese/aanlyn hulpbronne vir die samestelling van 'n drietalige e-woordeboek vir Venda, Engels en Afrikaans ondersoek Ons benadering is gebaseer op 'n eksperiment waarin die samestellingsproses so ver moontlik geoutomatiseer is om besparing in terme van tyd en mensekrag teweeg te bring. Engels word as 'n brug vir die vertaling tussen die brontaal, Venda, en die doeltaal, Afrikaans, gebruik. Die algemene bevindinge is dat daar sekere beperkings te wagte kan wees in so 'n semi-outomatiese proses wat wel 'n sekere mate van menslike intervensie verg. Hoewel die saamgestelde e-woordeboek nie as n finale produk beskou kan word nie, bied die woordeboeksamestellingsprogram Lexonomy, wat vanweě sy aanpasbaarheid en maklike uitleg suksesvol in hierdie studie gebruik is, die geleentheid vir menslike insette om die nodige aanpassings op n gebruikersvriendelike wyse te doen. Die geformuleerde konsepvoorstel is nuttig vir die skep van meertalige aanlyn woordeboeke, saamgestel met behulp van beskikbare aanlyn of elektroniese hulpbronne. Die resulterende drietalige woordeboek is aanlyn beskikbaar as bewys van die konsep waarop verdere werk kan bou. Die feit dat die databasis onderliggend aan die woordeboek beskikbaar is in n masjienleesbare formaat, naamlik XML, is belangrik vir indirekte teikengebruikers vir hergebruik om elektroniese hulpbronne te ontwikkel, veral vir hulpbronarm tale.
Optimization of Free Online/Electronic Resources for Dictionary Compilation — A Trilingual Dictionary Experiment. The availability of multilingual dictionaries is crucial, not only for direct target ...users, but also for indirect target users, especially in the case of languages with scarce resources such as Venda. This article explores the optimal use of free electronic/online resources for compiling a trilingual e-dictionary for Venda, English and Afrikaans. Our approach is based on an experiment in which the compilation process was automated as far as possible to achieve savings in terms of time and manpower. English is used as a bridge for the translation between the source language, Venda, and the target language, Afrikaans. The general finding is that certain limitations can be expected in such a semi-automated process that requires a certain amount of human intervention. Although the composite e-dictionary cannot be considered a final product, the dictionary compilation program Lexonomy, which has been used successfully in this study due to its adaptability and easy layout, provides the opportunity for human input to make the necessary adaptations in a user-friendly manner. The proposed concept is useful for creating multilingual online dictionaries, compiled using available online or electronic resources. The resulting trilingual dictionary is available online as proof of concept on which further work can build. The fact that the database underlying the dictionary is available in a machine-readable format, namely XML, is important for indirect target users for reuse to develop electronic resources, especially for resource-scarce languages. Keywords: dictionary compilation, Venda–English–Afrikaans, trilingual dictionary, electronic/online resources, machine translation systems, lexonomy, corpus search, target users
Objective:
Recycling tenofovir and lamivudine/emtricitabine (XTC) with dolutegravir would provide a more tolerable, affordable, and scalable second-line regimen than dolutegravir with an optimized ...nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone. We evaluated efficacy of tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir (TLD) in patients failing first-line tenofovir/XTC/efavirenz or nevirapine.
Design:
Single arm, prospective, interventional study.
Setting:
Two primary care clinics in Khayelitsha, South Africa.
Participants:
Sixty adult patients with two viral loads greater than 1000 copies/ml.
Intervention:
Participants were switched to TLD with additional dolutegravir (50 mg) for 2 weeks to overcome efavirenz induction.
Primary outcome:
Proportion achieving viral load less than 50 copies/ml at week 24 using the FDA snapshot algorithm.
Results:
Baseline median CD4
+
cell count was 248 cells/μl, viral load 10 580 copies/ml and 48 of 54 (89%) had resistance (Stanford score ≥15) to one or both of tenofovir and XTC. No participants were lost to follow-up. At week 24, 51 of 60 85%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 73–93% were virologically suppressed, six had viral load 50–100 copies/ml, one had viral load 100–1000 copies/ml, one no viral load in window, and one switched because of tenofovir-related adverse event. No integrase mutations were detected in the one participant meeting criteria for resistance testing. Virological suppression was achieved by 29 of 35 (83%, 95% CI 66–93%) with resistance to tenofovir and XTC, 11 of 13 (85%, 95% CI 55–98%) with resistance to XTC, and six of six (100%, 95% CI 54–100%) with resistance to neither.
Conclusion:
A high proportion of adults switching to second-line TLD achieved virologic suppression despite substantial baseline NRTI resistance and most not suppressed had low-level viraemia (≤100 copies/ml). This suggests recycling tenofovir and XTC with dolutegravir could provide an effective second-line option.
Transcending the boundaries of printed lexicographic resources is becoming easier in the digital age, with e-resources facilitating restrictions on the size and type of information that can be ...included. In this article we explore innovative ways of documenting and preserving African indigenous knowledge, often underrepresented in traditional dictionaries, in an existing digital lexical database. Our approach is based on the extension of the African Wordnet, a lexical database under construction for nine African languages, in this case applied to isiZulu. This article addresses the challenge of consolidating dispersed indigenous knowledge collected from a variety of sources such as conventional dictionaries, interdisciplinary publications and a flat-structured online database, in a digitised hierarchical wordnet structure. A representative sample of traditional domestic utensils in Zulu culture is used to demonstrate the conversion into a set of typical semantic relations in a wordnet structure. By focusing on filling lexical gaps between isiZulu and English as found in the Princeton WordNet, with culturally relevant synsets, the African Wordnet also becomes a useful resource for natural language processing. Finally, it is shown how the hierarchical classification of selected domestic utensils is visually presented in wordnet graphs in the Wordnet-Loom interface. Keywords: AFRICAN WORDNET, DIGITAL LEXICAL DATABASE, INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE, ISIZULU, TRADITIONAL DOMESTIC UTENSILS, SEMANTIC RELATIONS, LEXICAL GAPS, LEXICALISATION Die digitale era maak dit toe nemend moontlik om die grense wat gedrukte leksikografiese hulpbronne stel te oorskry deurdat e-hulpbronne die beperkings op grootte en tipe inligting wat ingesluit kan word, fasiliteer. In hierdie artikel ondersoek ons innoverende maniere om inheemse kennis uit Afrika, wat dikwels onder-verteenwoordig is in tradisionele woordeboeke, in 'n bestaande digitale leksikale databasis te dokumenteer en te preserveer. Ons aanslag word op die uitbreiding van die African Wordnet, 'n leksikale databasis wat tans vir nege Afrika-tale ontwikkel word, gebaseer en in hierdie geval op Zoeloe van toepassing gemaak. Die artikel spreek die uitdagings wat die konsolidasie van inheemse kennis uit 'n verskeidenheid bronne soos konvensionele woordeboeke, interdissiplinere publikasies en 'n aanlyn databasis met 'n plat struktuur in 'n digitale, hierargiese woordnetstruktuur inhou. 'n Verteenwoordigende uittreksel van tradisionele huishoudelike gereedskap in die Zoeloe kultuur word as voorbeeld gebruik om te demonstreer hoe konsepte tot 'n stel semantiese verhoudings in 'n woordnetstruktuur omgeskakel kan word. Deur daarop te fokus om die leksikale gapings tussen Zoeloe en Engels soos dit in die Princeton WordNet vervat is, met relevante kulturele konsepte te vul, word die African Wordnet ook 'n nuttige hulpbron vir natuurliketaalprosessering. Laastens word aangedui hoe die hierargiese klassifikasie van geselekteerde huishoudelike gereedskap visueel in woordnetgrafieke in die WordnetLoom koppelvlak voorgestel kan word. SLEUTELWOORDE: AFRICAN WORDNET, DIGITALE LEKSIKALE DATABASIS, INHEEMSE KENNIS, ZOELOE, TRADISIONELE HUISHOUDELIKE GEREEDSKAP, SEMANTIESE VERHOUDINGS, LEKSIKALE GAPINGS, LEKSIKALISERING
The insulin-responsive glucose transporter, GLUT4, is regulated in various physiologic states at the transcriptional level. When expressed in transgenic mice, the human GLUT4 promoter is governed by ...two cis-acting sequences: an MEF2 binding domain and Domain I, that function both as positive and negative regulators depending on the physiologic state. MEF2 proteins and GLUT4 enhancer factor (GEF) are known ligands for these cis-acting elements, but their mechanism of action is unclear. To begin to understand this important process, we have characterized GEF structural domains and its interactions with the MEF2A isoform. We find that the C terminus of GEF comprises its DNA-binding domain, but does not contribute to GEF homo-oligomerization. We also have found that GEF dimerizes with increased affinity to a hypophosphorylated form of MEF2A. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MEF2A binding to its cognate binding site can increase the DNA binding activity of GEF to Domain I, suggesting a novel mechanism for MEF2A transcriptional activation. Finally, we have demonstrated that the transcriptional co-repressor HDAC5 can interact with GEF in the absence of MEF2 proteins and specifically inhibit GLUT4 promoter activity. These findings lead to the hypothesis that GEF and the MEF2 proteins form a complex on the GLUT4 promoter that allows for recruitment of transcriptional co-regulators (repressors and/or activators) to control GLUT4 promoter activity.
The fuel sulfur content (FSC) of ocean-going and inland vessels was measured simultaneously by eight different state-of-the-art and novel monitoring systems during a 6-week campaign at the Elbe ...River, at a distance of about 10 km to the port of Hamburg, Germany. Both stationary and airborne systems on unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs) were operated by four participating partners in a side-by-side measurement setup to measure the emission factors of the same emission sources. A novel laser spectrometer, with significantly better-precision specifications as compared with the other instruments, was used for the first time for emission monitoring regarding the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) Annex VI regulations.
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