In the present study, the Turkish version of the Craving for Online Shopping Scale (TCOSS) was developed by modifying items on the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS). The sample comprised 475 adult ...volunteers (233 women and 242 men) from three different non-clinical samples recruited online. The structure validity of the TCOSS was examined utilizing exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and criterion validity testing. The EFA showed that the TCOSS had a unidimensional structure that explained 80% of the total variance. The five-item unidimensional structure of the TCOSS then underwent further testing using two different samples. First, the structure of the TCOSS was tested using CFA, which confirmed the unidimensional factor structure. Second, measurement invariance of the TCOSS was conducted through structural invariance, metric invariance, and scalar invariance across different samples. This demonstrated the TCOSS had measurement invariance across different samples (CFA and criterion validity samples). Criterion validity of the TCOSS was tested using the Internet Addiction Test-Short Form, Brief Self-Control Scale, Compulsive Online Shopping Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and self-reported personal information. According to the criterion validity results, the TCOSS assessed the structure it targets. Cronbach’s α internal consistency coefficients of the TCOSS were .94 in the EFA sample, .94 in the CFA sample, and .96 in the criterion validity sample. When validity and reliability analysis of the TCOSS are considered as a whole, it is concluded that the TCOSS is a valid and reliable scale for assessing craving for online shopping among online shoppers.
The outbreak of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global health crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused psychological distress, both in infected and uninfected individuals. ...The present study evaluated the validity and factor structure of the COVID-19-Related Psychological Distress Scale (CORPDS) among the general public of the Persian-speaking population. The original version of the CORPDS was translated and back-translated into Persian, followed by a pilot study. A total sample (
n
= 623) completed an online survey including the CORPDS, Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). The Persian CORPDS had very good internal consistency and moderate test-retest reliability after 4 weeks. Maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test construct validity (χ
2
/df = 2.39, CFI = 0.95, SRMR = 0.046, PCLOSE = 0.67 > 0.05, RMSEA = 0.047, 90% CI 0.038, 0.056). Measurement invariance was performed across gender, including configural invariance, metric invariance, scalar invariance, and error variance invariance, and yielded further support for the two-factor structure of the CORPDS. The CORPDS correlated with the score on the K10 (
r
= 0.46,
p
< 0.01, 95% CI 0.43, 0.48), CAS (
r
= 0.43,
p
< 0.01, 95% CI 0.37, 0.45), FCV-19S (
r
= 0.29,
p
< 0.01, 95% CI 0.27, 0.32), LOT-R (
r
= − 0.19,
p
< 0.01, 95% CI − 0.15, − 0.24) and BRS (
r
= − 0.56,
p
< 0.01, 95% CI − 0.50, − 0.61). Resilience was associated with lower psychological distress (
β
= − 0.54,
SE
= 0.05,
p
< 0.001). The findings provide evidence that CORPDS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing psychological distress generated by COVID-19 among a healthy Persian-speaking population.
Recent studies have shown a relationship between the risk for exercise addiction (REA) and passion. This research examined whether levels of REA, volume of exercise (in weekly hours), and ...self-reported exercise intensities yield differences in obsessive passion and harmonious passion among individuals with long history of exercise. Respondents (
n
= 360) completed the Exercise Addiction Inventory, Passion Scale, and Borg Scale (assessing their usual exercise intensity), and reported their volume of exercise (hours per week). Regression analysis demonstrated that exercise intensity, obsessive passion, and harmonious passion were significant predictors (
r
2
= .381,
p
< .001) of the REA scores with obsessive passion being the strongest predictor (
r
2
= .318). Exercisers classified as at REA reported higher obsessive passion, harmonious passion, and exercise intensity (
p
≤ .001) than those classified as symptomatic, who in turn scored higher on these measures (
p
≤ .006) than asymptomatic exercisers. Participants reporting greater volumes of exercise also scored higher on obsessive passion, harmonious passion (
p
< .001), exercise intensity (
p
= .032), and REA scores (
p
= .042) than individuals who exercised less. Finally, women exercising between low and high intensities exhibited greater obsessive passion, as well as harmonious passion (
p
≤ .005) than men reporting similar exercise intensities. These findings support the recently reported relationship between passion and REA. They also expand the current knowledge by demonstrating that obsessive passion and harmonious passion are greater in the individuals who exercise at higher volumes and with higher intensities.
The general aim of the present study was the exploration of the relationships between childhood trauma subdimensions (physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional ...neglect), unbalanced family functioning patterns (disengaged, enmeshed, rigid, and chaotic), and love addiction.
A sample of 910 individuals (76.6% female;
= 30 years,
= 10.55) engaged in a romantic relationship participated in the research and completed the Love Addiction Inventory-Short Form, Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales-IV, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form.
Among the childhood trauma subdimensions, emotional and physical abuse showed significant and positive associations with love addiction levels. Furthermore, the path analysis showed that unbalanced family functioning patterns parallelly mediated the relationship between emotional (enmeshed, rigid, and chaotic patterns) and physical abuse (chaotic patterns) and love addiction. Gender as a covariate was controlled for.
The present study offers insight into the mechanisms by which specific forms of childhood trauma could lead to love addiction in adulthood. The findings offer valuable insights for developing customized interventions when working with individuals struggling with love addiction, as well as for implementing effective preventive activities for the condition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Marital status is a robust correlate of disordered gambling, but few studies have examined the direction of this association.
The present study used a case-control design by including all adults ...receiving their first gambling disorder (GD) diagnosis between January 2008 to December 2018 (Norwegian Patient Registry, n = 5,121) and compared them against age and gender matched individuals with other somatic/psychiatric illnesses (Norwegian Patient Registry, n = 27,826) and a random sample from the general population (FD-Trygd database, n = 26,695). The study examined marital status before GD, getting divorced as a risk factor for future GD, and becoming married as a protective factor of future GD.
The findings indicated an 8-9 percentage points higher prevalence of unmarried people and about a 5 percentage points higher prevalence of separation/divorce among those that subsequently experienced GD compared to controls. Logistic regressions showed that transition through divorce was associated with higher odds of future GD compared to illness controls (odds ratio OR = 2.45, 95% CI 2.06, 2.92) and the general population (OR = 2.41 2.02, 2.87). Logistic regressions also showed that transition through marriage was associated with lower odds of future GD compared to illness controls (OR = 0.62, CI 0.55, 0.70) and the general population (OR = 0.57, CI 0.50, 0.64).
Social bonds have previously been shown to impact physical and mental health, and the findings of the study emphasize the importance of considering social network history and previous relationship dissolution among individuals with GD.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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The number of individuals with mental disorders is increasing and they are commonly found among individuals who avoid social interaction and like to live alone. Amongst such mental ...health disorders is depression which is both common and serious. The present paper introduces a method to assess the depression level of an individual using a smartphone by monitoring their daily activities. The time domain characteristics from a smartphone acceleration sensor were used alongside a vector machine algorithm to classify physical activities. Additionally, the geographical location information was clustered using a smartphone GPS sensor to simplify movement patterns. A total of 12 features were extracted from individuals’ physical activity and movement patterns and were analyzed alongside their weekly depression scores using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Using a wrapper feature selection method, a subset of features was selected and applied to a linear regression model to estimate the depression score. The support vector machine algorithm was then used to classify the depression severity level among individuals (absence, moderate, severe) and had an accuracy of 87.2% in severe depression cases which outperformed other classification models including the k-nearest neighbor and artificial neural network. This method of identifying depression is a cost-effective solution for long-term use and can monitor individuals for depression without invading their personal space or creating other day-to-day disturbances.
Approximately one in five pregnant women experience antenatal depression globally. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of antenatal depression and explore its relationship ...between various demographic variables, recent sexual engagement, and recent adverse life events among pregnant Afghan women.
A cross-sectional survey study was carried out between January, 2023 and April 2023 among 460 women aged 15-45 years who were recruited using convenience sampling from Herat province (Afghanistan). Logistic regression models were utilized to explore the relationship between antenatal depression and socio-demographic characteristics among the participants.
The prevalence of antenatal depression symptoms was 78.5%. Multiple regression analysis indicated that antenatal depression was significantly associated with (i) being aged 30-45 years (AOR: 4.216, 95% CI: 1.868-9.515, p = .001), (ii) being of low economic status (AOR:2.102, 95% CI: 1.051-4.202, p = .036), (iii) not being employed (AOR: 2.445, 95% CI:1.189-5.025, p = .015), (iv) not having had sex during the past seven days (AOR: 2.335, 95% CI: 1.427-3.822, p = .001), and (v) not experiencing a traumatic event during the past month (AOR:0.263, 95% CI: 0.139-0.495, p < .001).
The present study provides insight into the factors associated with the high prevalence of antenatal depression among pregnant Afghan women (e.g., demographic variables, recent adverse life events, and recent sexual engagement). It highlights the urgency of addressing antenatal depression in Afghanistan and provides a foundation for future research and interventions aimed at improving the mental health and well-being of pregnant women in the Afghan context.
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is an important issue that was included as a tentative disorder in the DSM-5. The aim of the present study was to contribute to the increasing understanding of IGD by ...examining the indirect relationships between psychobiological components of personality, positive and negative affect, and IGD among a sample of Iranian university students. In a cross-sectional study, 481 Iranian university students (50.3% female; M
age
= 22.41 years SD = 4.62) were recruited from four universities and completed self-report psychometric scales, including the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGDS), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Structural equation modeling was used to empirically explore the relationships. The model of positive affect and negative affect being a mediator between psychobiological components of personality and IGD fit the data. Individuals with higher levels of negative affect had higher levels of IGD (
r
= 0.60,
p
< 0.001). Furthermore, bootstrapping results showed that psychobiological components of personality affected IGD via negative affect. Findings demonstrated that negative affect mediated the relationships between temperament dimensions of harm avoidance (
β
= .126), reward dependence (
β
= .054), persistence (
β
= −.127), as well as character dimensions of cooperativeness (
β
= −.047), and self-directedness (
β
= −.042) with IGD (all
p
-values <0.001). Findings contribute to the knowledge in the field, and support the proposed models showing that negative affect appears to have an important role in IGD. Clinical implications and study limitations are discussed.
Recently, empirical research has shown dark personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, spitefulness) to be associated with problematic and addictive online ...behaviors. However, their direct relationships with problematic smartphone use (PSU) have yet to be examined. The present study investigated the direct and indirect associations of dark personality traits with PSU via fearful and dismissing attachment styles among 546 participants. Results indicated that men had higher scores on measures assessing dark personality traits and women had higher PSU. Narcissism and spitefulness were directly associated with PSU in the total sample, men, and women. Machiavellianism was indirectly associated with PSU via fearful attachment among men and sadism was directly and indirectly associated with PSU via fearful attachment among women. Findings suggest that dark personality traits may play a contributory role in higher PSU (with different traits having different effects among men and women), and that attachment styles partially explain the relationship between dark traits and PSU.
•The relationship between dark traits and problematic smartphone use (PSU) was examined.•Men had higher scores on dark personality trait measures and women had higher PSU.•Narcissism and spitefulness were directly associated with PSU.•Machiavellianism was indirectly associated with PSU via fearful attachment in men.•Fearful attachment partially mediated the relationship between sadism and PSU in women.
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