•Hydrogeological, chemical, and isotopic data assess antibiotic pollution in groundwater.•Most frequent antibiotics are sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin.•A lack of spatial correlation exists for ...antibiotic occurrence, yet not for nitrate.•Fate of antibiotics in groundwater not only depend on chemical properties but on hydrogeology.
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Antibiotics are an increasing focus of interest due to their high detection frequency in the environment. However, their presence in water bodies is not regulated by environmental policies. This field study investigates, for the first time, the occurrence, behavior and fate of a selection of 53 antibiotics, including up to 10 chemical groups, in an alluvial aquifer originated from manure application in an agricultural region using hydrogeological, hydrochemical and isotopic approaches. Up to 11 antibiotics were found in groundwater corresponding to 4 different chemical groups: fluoroquinolones, macrolides, quinolones and sulfonamides. In surface water, only 5 different antibiotics from 2 chemical groups: fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides, were quantified. The most frequent antibiotics were sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin. Concentrations of antibiotics were in the order of ng/L, with maximum concentrations of 300ng/L in groundwater. Hydrochemistry and isotopic data and geostatistics confirmed the spatial trend observed for nitrates, where nitrate concentrations tend to be higher in the margin areas of the study area, and lower concentrations are found nearby the river. On the other hand, no clear continuous spatial concentration trend of antibiotics was observed in the aquifer, supported by the short spatial correlation found in the variograms. This indicates that the physical-chemical properties and processes of each antibiotic (mainly, sorption and degradation), and other environmental issues, such as a patchy diffuse input and the manure antibiotic content itself, play an important role in their spatial distribution in groundwater. A discussion on the estimation of the antibiotic sorption parameter reveals the difficulties of describing such phenomena. Furthermore, retardation factors will extend over several orders of magnitude, which highly affects the movement of individual antibiotics within the aquifer. To summarize, this study points out the difficulties associated with antibiotic research in groundwater in order to define water resources quality management strategies and environmental regulations.
Introduction
Borderline personality disorder
(
BPD
), also known as emotionally unstable personality disorder is a severe disorder of emotional regulation. In people with BPD, mood swings are ...extreme, relationships are uncertain, and emotions are difficult to control, suicide and self-destructive behaviors are extremely common. medical treatment can certainly reduce the symptoms and suffering of people with BPD, but it is still not enough. The treatment is mainly based on psychotherapy especially
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
focuses on the concept of
mindfulness
, or paying attention to the present emotion.
Objectives
To assess the current level of evidence for mindfulness in BPD.
Methods
a systematic review was performed using the database PubMed / Medline, using the following keywords: “MCBT”; “DBT”; “Mindfulness Therapy”;” BPD”; “Borderline personality”.
Results
Research shows that the mindfulness therapy approach teaches skills for controlling intense emotions and reducing self-destructive behaviors. Decentering appears to play a crucial role in the treatment as a primary mechanism of action in this therapy.
Conclusions
results suggest that the Mindfulness therapy is a main component for BPD treatment.
Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
A novel and efficient organic waste management strategy currently gaining great attention is fly larvae composting. High resource recovery efficiency can be achieved in this closed-looped system, but ...pharmaceuticals and pesticides in waste could potentially accumulate in every loop of the treatment system and spread to the environment. This study evaluated the fate of three pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, roxithromycin, trimethoprim) and two pesticides (azoxystrobin, propiconazole) in a fly larvae composting system and in a control treatment with no larvae. It was found that the half-life of all five substances was shorter in the fly larvae compost (<10% of control) and no bioaccumulation was detected in the larvae. Fly larvae composting could thus impede the spread of pharmaceuticals and pesticides into the environment.
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•Degradation of pharmaceuticals and pesticides in fly larvae composting (FLC).•Half-life considerably shorter in FLC than in control with no larvae.•Half-life of carbamazepine was less than two days in FLC.•No bioaccumulation in larvae detected.•FLC could impede the spreading of pharmaceuticals and pesticide in the environment.
•Exhaustive method optimization for determination of 20 multi-class pharmaceuticals in fish.•Method application to different fish tissues.•In-depth evaluation of several strategies to correct ...observed matrix effects.•First monitoring campaing performed in fish in Mediterranean rivers.•First detection of diclofenac in fish tissues.
A new sensitive method based on pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and purification by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) prior to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) was developed for the determination in fish homogenate, liver and muscle of twenty pharmaceuticals compounds and metabolites from seven commonly used therapeutic families. An extensive matrix effect evaluation was performed in order to select the best approach when analyzing such complex matrices. Limits of detection (MDLs) for the target compounds were in the range of 0.03–0.50ng/g for fish homogenate, 0.01–0.42ng/g for fish muscle, and 0.08–0.98ng/g for fish liver. The method was applied to fish tissues of eleven fish species from four heavily impacted Mediterranean rivers. Nine compounds from five therapeutic families were measured at concentrations higher than MDLs. Highest levels were found in trout liver, with a maximum concentration of 18ng/g for carbamazepine, whereas the most ubiquitous compound was diclofenac.
We present the first Ge-based constraints on sub-MeV /c2 dark matter (DM) particles interacting with electrons using a 33.4 g Ge cryogenic detector with a 0.53 electron-hole pair (rms) resolution, ...operated underground at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane. Competitive constraints are set on the DM-electron scattering cross section, as well as on the kinetic mixing parameter of dark photons down to 1 eV / c2. In particular, the most stringent limits are set for dark photon DM in the 6 to 9 eV / c2 range. These results demonstrate the high relevance of Ge cryogenic detectors for the search of DM-induced eV-scale electron signals.
This study investigates the effect of psychrophilic, mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures on the anaerobic treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater, in terms of biogas production, occurrence of 30 ...pharmaceutical compounds of veterinary use, 4 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) which provide resistance to tetracyclines (tetW), fluoroquinolones (qnrS), macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (ermB) and sulfonamides (sul1) antibiotics, as well as class I integron-integrase gene (intI1), related to horizontal gene transfer. The highest methane yield was obtained at a mesophilic temperature (35 °C) (323 mL CH4/g TCOD) followed by the yield obtained at thermophilic temperature (53 °C) (242 mL CH4/g TCOD). Regarding pharmaceuticals, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tilmicosin, and lincomycin were the most abundant in the slaughterhouse wastewater, being detected predominantly in the solid phase (with median concentrations >200 μg/kg dry weight). On the other hand, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, lincomycin and ibuprofen were the most predominant in the anaerobic digestate regardless of the treatment temperature. Psychrophilic temperatures (21 °C) exhibited moderate to low pharmaceuticals removal, while a large fraction of them were removed at a thermophilic temperature reaching 70–90% removals for tetracycline, macrolides and one sulfonamide (sulfapyridine).
The highest relative abundance of the quantified ARGs was found at 53 °C, suggesting that thermophilic temperatures normally associated with better removals of pathogens do not necessarily show better removals of antibiotic resistance genes.
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•Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater at 21 °C, 35 °C and 53 °C was studied.•Mesophilic anaerobic treatment gave higher specific methane production.•Thermophilic anaerobic treatment was the most suitable process to remove pharmaceuticals.•Thermophilic treatment increased the relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes.
Introduction La prévalence du syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil (SAOS) chez les patients diabétiques est importante. L’obésité, qui constitue le lit à la fois du diabète et du SAOS paraît ...être le dénominateur commun. La sévérité du SAOS semble corrélée à un moindre contrôle glycémique. Enfin, considéré comme un facteur de risque cardiovasculaire, son traitement par pression positive continue le ramène à celui des sujets sains. Patients et méthodes Nous avons souhaité évaluer la prévalence du SAOS (système ApneaLinkTM) chez des diabétiques de type 2, obèses, hypertendus traités, hospitalisés en Endocrinologie en 2012 pour déséquilibre glycémique. Un holter tensionnel (TA) a permis d’évaluer la proportion de sujets non dipper 1- (PASnuit/PAS jour) x100 < 10 %. Résultats 46 patients âgés de 59,5 ans, 24 H, 22 F, diabétiques de type 2, IMC de 38,04 ± 5,1 kg/m2 , HbA1c de 9,48 ± 2,65 % (93,5 % avec une HbA1c > 7 %) ont été dépistés sur une durée d’enregistrement nocturne de 6 h 25 ± 2 h 18. 87 % des patients (n = 40) ont un SAOS défini par un indice apnée/hypopnée (IAH) ≥ 5/heure confirmé par polysomnographie chez 20 d’entre eux. Sur les 40 patients, 26 % ont une forme modérée (IAH entre 15 et 30) et 37 % une forme sévère (IAH ≥ 30). Le SAOS est plus fréquent chez les hommes (22 sur 24, soit 91,7 %) que chez les femmes (18 sur 22, soit 81,8 %). Sa prévalence augmente avec l’IMC (82,8 % si l’IMC < 40 et 93,1 % si l’IMC ≥ 40). 87,5 % des patients qui ont un SAOS sont non dipper au holter TA. Enfin, on observe une tendance à une augmentation de l’HbA1c avec la gravité du SAOS. Conclusion Cette étude confirme l’importance du dépistage du SAOS chez les diabétiques de type 2 mal équilibrés obèses hypertendus, plus particulièrement en raison des formes graves qui touchent près de 40 % d’entre eux.
Occurrence and removal of 81 representative Pharmaceutical Active Compounds (PhACs) were assessed in a municipal WWTP located in a highly industrialized area, with partial water reuse after UV ...tertiary treatment and discharge to a Mediterranean river. Water monitoring was performed in an integrated way at different points in the WWTP and river along three seasons. Consistent differences between therapeutic classes were observed in terms of influent concentration, removal efficiencies and seasonal variation. Conventional (primary and secondary) treatment was unable to completely remove numerous compounds and UV-based tertiary treatment played a complementary role for some of them. Industrial activity influence was highlighted in terms of PhACs presence and seasonal distribution. Even if global WWTP effluent impact on the studied river appeared to be minor, PhACs resulted widespread pollutants in river waters. Contamination can be particularly critical in summer in water scarcity areas, when water flow decreases considerably.
The effect of anaerobic treatment of swine manure at 35 °C (mesophilic) and 55 °C (thermophilic) on methane production, microbial community and contaminants of emerging concern was investigated. ...Pasteurization pretreatment and post treatment was also investigated in combination with anaerobic treatment at 35 °C. Specific methane production (SMP), 26 pharmaceutical compounds (PhACs) and five antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (qnrS, tetW, ermB, sul1 and blaTEM) were evaluated. Mesophilic treatment resulted in the highest SMP regardless of whether pasteurization was applied. Marbofloxacin was the most abundant antibiotic in swine manure. In general, all groups of PhACs showed higher removals under thermophilic temperatures as compared to mesophilic. In general, pasteurization pretreatment followed by mesophilic anaerobic digestion provided the highest removals of ARGs. Finally, the genera Streptococcus, Clostridium and Pseudomonas which contain pathogenic species, were present in the swine manure. Streptococcus, which was the most abundant, was decreased during all the treatments, while the others only decreased under certain treatments.
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•Mesophilic anaerobic treatment gave higher specific methane production.•Thermophilic anaerobic treatment was the most suitable process to remove PhACs.•Relative abundances of ARGs in swine manure were higher than ARGs in the inoculum.•Streptococcus was the only pathogen that was decreased during anaerobic treatment.
The study evaluates the chronic impact of the antibiotic tetracycline on the biodegradation of organic substrate under anaerobic conditions. The experiments involved an anaerobic sequencing batch ...reactor fed with a synthetic substrate mixture including glucose, starch and volatile fatty acids, and operated in a sequence of different phases with gradually increasing tetracycline doses of 1.65–8.5 mg/L, for more than five months. Tetracycline exerted a terminal/lethal effect at 8.5 mg/L on the microbial community under anaerobic conditions, which caused the inhibition of substrate/COD utilization and biogas generation and leading to a total collapse of the reactor. The microbial activity could not be recovered and re-started within a period of more than 10 days, even after stopping tetracycline dosing. At lower doses, substrate utilization was not affected but a reduction of 10–20% was observed in the biogas/methane generation, suggesting that substrate utilization of tetracycline to the biomass was limiting their bioavailability. During the experiments, tetracycline was partially removed either through biodegradation or conversion into its by-products. The adverse long-term impact was quite variable for fermenting heterotrophic and methanogenic fractions of the microbial community based on changes inflicted on the composition of remaining/residual organic substrate.
•Chronic impact of tetracycline was lethal at 8.5 mg/L on the microbial community.•At lower doses, substrate removal was not impaired but biogas volume was reduced.•Tetracycline was partially biodegraded.•Impact was cumulative on fermenting heterotrophs due to TET adsorption/accumulation.•Impact was reversible for methanogens with partial recovery of biogas generation.
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