Students eventually finish their degrees and are incorporated in the labour market. The impact of ex-activists of student movements on their workplace is a relatively unknown aspect of student ...mobilization. This article looks at how the exciting university years and the experience acquired in collective actions and protest are introduced in professional spheres. It uses the case of Spanish teachers to see how the spirit of the 1960s influenced professional mobilization in the Spanish Education system in the 1970s and 1980s. The article begins with contemporary discussions regarding professions and advocacy. It explores this notion across several professions, culminating in how it is used today with regard to teachers’ professionalism. The next section of the article looks at the students’ movement in Spain and how it combined international demands with the national struggle against the dictatorship. The relationship between the students’ movements and the mobilization of primary and secondary education is the issue of the following section. Finally, it looks at the struggle of teachers around several issues such as the access to and quality of education, the opening of preschools centers and teacher training in order to illustrate the effort to forge a social-professional identity tied to wider social struggles.
This paper focuses on studying the origin and evolution of the programmed learning in Spain. For this, an interpretation about the influence exerted by the international governmental organization for ...its implantation is emphasizes. First, the paper explains its beginnings in relation to the educational framework opened by UNESCO. The article continues with the explanation of the first criticisms that were established on this curricular policy. Finally, an attempt is made to give an explanation about its rapid decline. It concludes by indicating the importance of international and local social factors in understanding the historical construction of the curriculum in the Development Spain.
The history of the university has been the history of a patriarchal institution traditionally dominated by men. The aim of this article is to show that women have suffered and continue suffering an ...unequal treatment in academia. The methodology used is qualitative, using forty-three in-depth interviews with academics of a Spanish public university. Experiences and practices that violate the right to equality in academia emerge from their discourses. Among them, we pay special attention to those which can be defined as micro-machismo in labour relationship within the university and related to discrimination against women in the development of professional careers. These results show that gender equality continues being an old aspiration in universities.
Grassroots initiatives to provide education were an integral part of efforts to stem the humanitarian disaster unleashed by the armed conflict in Syria. This article studies activists who organised ...informal schooling for children amid the devastating war. Building on life story interviews, we highlight the versatility of initiatives in the field of education for citizens who simultaneously engage in humanitarian action and mobilise for political change. There is a natural concern to detach humanitarian work from politics in order to gain and maintain a space for action. This has distanced the study of humanitarian aid from social movements research, which focuses on long-term struggles over power and political structures. We maintain, however, that the social movement literature generally, and studies on structural and cognitive political opportunity specifically, can help refine our understanding of the illusive nature of citizen aid. Our findings indicate that Syrians involved in humanitarian educational activities constructed their own structure of opportunities by monitoring shifting political and humanitarian conditions. Opening schools was a technical and pragmatic solution to the educational disaster caused by war. At the same time, it was motivated by a long-lasting desire to free Syria from its political plight and to offer an alternative.
The practice of historical research in recent years has been substantially affected by the emergence of the so-called digital humanities. New computer tools have been appearing, software systems ...capable of processing vast quantities of information in ways that until recently were inconceivable. Text mining and social network analysis techniques are sophisticated instruments that can help render a more enriching reading of the available data and draw useful conclusions. We reflect on this in the first part of this article, and then apply these tools to a practical case: quantifying and identifying the women who appear in university-related articles in the newspaper El País from its founding until 2011.
Resumen En el presente artículo analizaremos uno de los movimientos sociales más destacados en la lucha anti-franquista durante el periodo de Transición española hacia la democracia, el movimiento ...estudiantil. Nos situaremos en su vuelta a la acción a lo largo de los años 70, donde formó parte de las negociaciones en las primeras políticas democráticas. Nos centramos en la participación de este movimiento en contra del Proyecto de Ley de Autonomía Universitaria, la reforma propuesta por el legislativo de la Unión de Centro Democrático (UCD), como parte de una movilización social más amplia que trató de asentar las bases de la democracia española. Para ello, estudiaremos las noticias publicadas en El País, uno de los periódicos españoles que ayudaron al proceso democrático acercando la actualidad a la sociedad. Este periódico, considerado por muchos el periódico de la Transición, fue identificado socialmente con el cambio político que se estaba viviendo, favorecido por un oportuno nacimiento una vez finalizada la dictadura del General Franco. La selección y análisis de las noticias publicadas en este momento histórico, nos ofrece una visión de la imagen social del movimiento estudiantil como un actor que luchaba por cambiar la universidad como parte de un cambio más amplio que incluía la recuperación de los derechos civiles y el fin de la dictadura. La oposición a la ley fue más relacionada a esta carga política que estrictamente al contenido de la reforma. Asimismo, por el avance del proceso político basado en la negociación entre los partidos, el ideario democrático y educativo del movimiento estudiantil se quedó frustrado.
Universities may be old institutions, but at the beginning of the 21st century they find themselves assuming new roles, such as developing the economy, contributing to social integration, fomenting ...cultural diversity, defending human rights, guaranteeing regional development and even protecting the environment. The complex combination of neoliberal economy, globalization and the emergence of the knowledge society has not undermined their position, on the contrary, it has led to their expansion. We thus sketch very briefly the varied characteristics of European universalities today and outline the major challenges which they confront. Using a variety of case studies we look at processes of modernization and incorporation of new technologies, as well as attempts to redefine systems of evaluation and admission. We also discuss threats to their essence as autonomous research and teaching institutions, due to closer relations with the economy and its demands for highly qualified workers.
This article attempts to show that the pedagogical and philosophical innovation of Paulo Freire contributed to the importance of adult education in Spain during the democratic transition. His ...thinking influenced teachers’ attitudes, the configuration of educational projects and the belief that education can eventually transform society. It is suggested that while the Franco regime adopted the recommendations of international bodies regrading permanent education, critical pedagogical thought, represented by Paulo Freire had a clear presence in the pedagogical movements involved in adult education.
En este artículo, se aspira a demostrar que la renovación pedagógica y filosófica de Paulo Freire contribuyó a incrementar el interés por la educación de adultos en España durante la transición democrática. Se analiza cómo influyó en las actitudes de los docentes, en la configuración de proyectos educativos y en la apuesta por la educación para transformar a la sociedad. Se concluye que, mientras que el régimen de Franco adoptó las recomendaciones de instituciones internacionales con respecto a la educación permanente, la variante crítica de la educación, representada por Paulo Freire, tenía una clara presencia en los movimientos de renovación de la educación de adultos, que manejaban otras claves para interpretar el mundo.
This article aims to contribute to contemporary understanding of student activism dynamics by using insights from prefiguration literature. We use practical prefiguration and conceptual prefiguration ...to analyse student protests against education reform in Myanmar in 2014-2015. Using in-depth interviews with student activists, their list of educational demands, and secondary sources regarding educational legislation, we unpack the complex relationship between educational claims and national politics that characterised the students' struggle. We show how the students reimagined a new and better version of the Myanmar state by using both educational practice and theory to fuse the future with the present, the desired with the possible.
Los libros de texto de la educación obligatoria contienen valiosa información sobre la cultura científica básica a la que tiene acceso la mayor parte del público. En este artículo presentamos los ...resultados de la aplicación de procedimientos de análisis de contenido a libros de texto de primero y cuarto curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria en España. Analizamos en total 81 libros de todas las asignaturas, no solo de ciencias. Para la codificación de los contenidos hemos utilizado un modelo de cultura científica que nos permite distinguir entre información científica y tecnológica propiamente dicha o Intrínseca (conocimientos, procesos y valores científicos), por una parte, y representaciones de, actitudes hacia o valoraciones sobre la ciencia y la tecnología (Cultura Científica y Tecnológica Extrínseca), por otra. El análisis nos permite detectar algunos rasgos relevantes de la cultura científica que se transmite en la enseñanza secundaria obligatoria en España. Destacan especialmente la independencia de los contenidos científicos y tecnológicos, así como la desconexión entre componentes intrínsecos y extrínsecos de la cultura científica. Esto se puede interpretar como el predominio de una concepción academicista de la ciencia, en contraposición a una eventual cultura científica más orientada a la innovación y a la participación ciudadana.
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