After returning from the market, bread is declared as old bread and as such was once sold at a certain price (0.013 €) and used as animal feed. Today, however, this is not allowed, but it is ...necessary to heat-treat this type of bread in some way. Namely, the Food Act (NN 18/2023) was passed in Croatia, which does not allow unhealthy animal feed, which includes unused old bread that is returned from the market. Based on the above, the aim of this paper is to thermally process white, corn and black bread by drying, pelleting, extruding, and getting a new component in animal nutrition. After that, store and determine whether there is an impact of heat treatment on the health of such bread. By monitoring the storage time of old bread types and technological processing on the sample temperature, it can be determined that the sample temperature was significantly influenced by the duration of storage. During the storage process, the moisture content in the samples of old bread varied significantly. The protein content differed significantly between the types of old bread, as well as the method of processing. Microbiological analysis of processed samples shows that all samples are healthy and can be used as feed.
Growing consumer demand for safe and affordable food as well as the need for a sustainable food supply will force the producers to explore methods for production output increasing. The poultry ...industry has an important role in the provision of a sustainable food supply, especially because chickens have a high feed conversion efficiency compared to other birds or livestock and, chicken meat is a low greenhouse gas emission food compared to other sources of dietary protein and has accessible source of protein with a low-fat content. The most important aspect of broiler production is feeding, and it represents about 70% of total costs. In order to facilitate the broilers, feed mixture production, it is tending to replace corn component, with a new, cheaper but high-quality component. As an alternative, it is possible to use the old bread, which would enable its remediation. Its use in broiler feeding is possible only after thermal treatment. Following this work will include the possibilities of using 5 and 10% of the old white and brown bread share in broilers feed mixture after thermal processing by extrusion. Feeding with both types of old extruded bread proved to be satisfying and did not affect broilers performance so generally dried bread can be used in chicken feed by as a partial replacement for maize component. Although both breads have proved good feeding quality, slightly better results were obtained in feeding with 10% share of brown bread.
The most important aspect of broiler production is feeding, whose costs represent about 70% of total costs. Thus, the growth of poultry production has been based on a strong consumer demand for ...products that are cheap, safe, and healthy. That kind of product is old bread, whose return from the store represent a problem for its remediation. For the use of the old bread as a feed, the European Union has promulgated a series of regulations and directives, which order a ban on its utilization without prior treatment. The most common treatments are pelleting and extrusion. In poultry, the upper limit for the use of the old bread in feedstuff is often prescribed and amounts to 15%. The aim of this paper was to determine a possibility to use 5 and 10% old brown pelleted bread in feed mixtures for broilers fattening. The study has shown that the addition of old bread significantly improves broiler production indicators. The best results and a more favorable ratio of omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids in the chicken muscles were obtained in the group fed with a 10‐percent share of old brown bread (p<0.05). Such a processed old bread can be used as a new ingredient in animal feed production as a partial replacement for maize component.
Najvažniji aspekt proizvodnje brojlera jest hranidba, čiji troškovi čine oko 70% ukupnih troškova proizvodnje. Tako se rast peradarske proizvodnje temelji na snažnoj potražnji potrošača za proizvodima koji su jeftini, sigurni i zdravi. Takav je proizvod stari kruh, čije vraćanje iz trgovine predstavlja problem sanacije. Za korištenje staroga kruha kao hrane za životinje Europska unija donijela je niz propisa i smjernica kojima se propisuje zabrana korištenja bez prethodne dorade. Najčešći tretmani su peletiranje i ekstruzija. Kod peradi je često propisana gornja granica za uporabu staroga kruha u hrani za životinje, a ona iznosi 15%. Cilj ovoga rada bio je utvrditi mogućnost korištenja 5 i 10% staroga crnog peletiranog kruha u krmnim smjesama za tov brojlera. Istraživanje je pokazalo da dodavanje staroga kruha značajno poboljšava proizvodne pokazatelje brojlera. Najbolji rezultati i povoljniji omjer omega 6 i omega 3 masnih kiselina u pilećem mišiću dobiveni su u skupini koja se hranila s 10% udjela staroga crnog kruha (p<0,05). Takav obrađeni stari kruh može se koristiti kao novi sastojak u proizvodnji hrane za životinje kao djelomična zamjena za kukuruznu komponentu.
Although biomass of Miscanthus x giganteus shows a significant potential for production of second-generation biofuels, it is currently mostly used as a combustion fuel. The objective of this paper is ...to investigate: (I) dry matter yield and yield components; (II) biomass composition; and (III) potential divergences of the investigated parameters from the standard for solid fuels CEN/TS 14961:2005, in relation to two harvest seasons and six fertilizer treatments. The investigation has determined that there is a potential for producing significant quantity of biomass from M x giganteus in the investigated agro-ecological conditions of the mountain areas of Croatia. The laboratory analyses indicated the suitability of using biomass in direct combustion.
Sida hermaphrodita (Virginia fanpetals, Virginia Mellow) pripada porodici sljezovki (Malvaceae) porije- klom iz SAD-a i Kanade. To je ne prehrambeni, celulozni usjev, s brzim rastom i jako razvijenim ...korijenovim sustavom. Zahvaljujući njenom biokemijskom sastavu (sličnom lucerni), Sida se u zelenoj fazi, može koristiti i kao visoko nutritivna hrana, sa sadržajem proteina i do 30% u vrijeme cvatnje. Sida omogućava i proizvodnju do 120 kg/ha kasnog prinosa meda. Ova jedinstvena vrsta, kada se žanje u suhoj fazi primjenjuje se kao energetska kultura, te se koristi za izolacije i te u celulozno-papirnoj industriji. U zelenom fazi koristi se u različitim industrijama i to farmaceutskoj industriji, industriji stočne hrane, industriji meda te u bioplinskoj industriji. Kao posebno profitabilna vrsta energetske kulture, sirovine budućnosti, već je predodređena da se koristi u industriji biogoriva. Plantaže Side imaju životni vijek najmanje 15-20 godina. Sida dobro raste u mnogim uvjetima na terenu i ne zahtijeva nikakve posebne uvijete tla.
The aim of this study is to determine the calorific values, chemical composition (proximate and ultimate analysis, micro and macro elements) and cell structure (composition of lignocellulose) of ...Miscanthus x giganteus biomass cultivated in Croatian. Research results represents the average values of biomass (n = 108) cultivated at two locations in Croatia (Bistra, Medvednica), during the three-year research period, three harvest periods (autumn, winter, spring) per year and two fertilizer treatments (N0 i N50). Determined average values of some important parameters are: low calorific value - 17.25 MJ/kg, ash content - 1.49 %, carbon content - 48.75 %, nitrogen content - 0.47 %, sulfur content - 0.07 %, cellulose content - 49.22 % and lignin content - 29.25 %. The obtained results have shown that Miscanthus x giganteus has potential to be a significant source of good quality raw material in the production of solids biofuels.
The aim of this paper was to determine the impact of different air temperature (60°C, 80°C and 100°C) at air drying velocity of 1.0 ms-1 during convection drying thermal process on the sunflower ...seeds oil and ash content. The research was conducted at 4 different sunflower seeds hybrid Apollo, NK Brio, PR 63 and PR 90 A 63 D 82, which by their characteristics are early and medium early hybrids. Based on the results, the curve of water speed release from the sunflower seeds, the activation energy, as well as changes in oil content and ash content before and after the convective drying was obtained. It was established that the NK Brio hybrid fastest release water compared to other hybrids during drying which is confirmed by minimum value of activation energy and that the increasing of air drying temperature increases oil content, while reduces ash content.
Tehnologija dorade i skladištenja maka Matin, Ana; Krička, Tajana; Friganović, Emilija ...
GLASILO FUTURE,
12/2020, Letnik:
3, Številka:
4
Journal Article, Paper
Odprti dostop
Mak je uvriježeni zajednički naziv za nekoliko vrsta iz roda
Papaver
, porodice
Papaveraceae
, od kojih je komercijalno najvažnija
Papaver somniferum L.
koja se uzgaja radi proizvodnje opijuma, ulja ...i sjemenki. Upravo visoki sadržaj ulja u sjemenkama maka čini ga jako kvarljivim, stoga sjemenke nakon berbe treba odmah očistiti i osušiti iz razloga što
se sjeme maka može skladištiti s najviše 8 % vlage. Skladišta u kojima se čuva sjeme moraju biti suha, prozračna i bez stranih mirisa, a sjeme zdravo, uniformne boje, veličine i oblika. Također je moguća i dodatna dorada maka mljevenjem, kondicioniranjem i prešanjem.
Poppy has become a common name for several species from the
Papaver
genus, the
Papaveraceae
family, of which the most commercially important
is
P. somniferum
, which is grown for the production of opium, edible oil and seeds. It is the high oil content in poppy seed that makes it very perishable, so the seed should be cleaned, dried immediately after harvesting because poppy seed can be stored with a maximum of 8 % moisture content. Warehouses where seed is stored must be dry, airy and free of foreign odors, and seed should be healthy, uniform in color, size and shape. It is also possible to further process the poppy seed by
grinding, conditioning and pressing.
Klasifikacija poljoprivredne biomase uključuje biomasu dobivenu iz brzo rastućih energetskih usjeva. Jedna od takvih kultura je i višegodišnja trava Miscantus x giganteus koja nakon treće, četvrte ...godine formira gusti sklop s izuzetno visokim i čvrstim izbojma. Stoga se poseban naglasak treba staviti na sustave žetve. U žetvi Miscanthusa uglavnom se koristi mehanizacija za sjenažu i silažu primjenom jednofazne ili višefazne tehnike. Cilj ovog rada je dati pregled sustava za sakupljanje biomase Miscanthus x giganteusa s obzirom i na oblik požete biomase, bilo usitnjene ili/i balirane. Uz primjenu gnojiva, berba biomase je jedini agrotehnički zahvat koji se provodi kada nasada dosegne punu zrelost te ga je potrebno provesti uz što manji utrošak energije i gubitak biomase. Zbog povećanog interesa za proizvodnju energije iz biomase trave Miscantus x giganteus dolazi do adaptacije postojeće mehanizacije i razvoja novih, specijaliziranih strojeva.
Miscanthus × giganteus J.M. Greef, Deuter ex Hodk., Renvoize (M. giganteus) is currently one of the most important energy crops in terms of the cultivation of dedicated crops. However, restricting ...biomass production to a sterile triploid hybrid may result in insufficient energy efficiency under various agroecological conditions. Therefore, current researches are focused on developing novel hybrids with higher tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as salinity or drought. Increasing the utilization of energy crops, i.e., the potential is achieved by increasing biomass yield and improving its energy properties under certain conditions. In this study, the biomass of five new Miscanthus hybrids (M. sacchariflorus x M. sinensis) and M. giganteus was used as control. The energetic properties were studied during the first two years of the cultivation period. Following the determination of biomass yield in fresh weight, dry matter content was also determined using standard methods, as well as the main energetic properties. Statistical data processing compared the energy potential of the new hybrids with each other and with that of the control hybrids. The results confirmed that there were specific changes in the energy properties of the new genotypes and the control hybrids during the establishment phase. In parallel with the increase in yield, it has a positive effect on energy efficiency and results from different genetic sources and adaptation to environmental conditions.
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