Video stabilization is one of the most important features in consumer cameras. Even simple video stabilization algorithms may need to access the frames several times to generate a stabilized output ...image, which places a significant burden on the camera hardware. This high-memory-access requirement makes it difficult to implement video stabilization in real time on low-cost camera SoC. Reduction of the memory usage is a critical issue in camera hardware. This paper presents a structure and layout method to efficiently implement video stabilization for low-end hardware devices in terms of shared memory access amount. The proposed method places sub-components of video stabilization in a parasitic form in other processing blocks, and the sub-components reuse data read from other processing blocks without directly accessing data in the shared memory. Although the proposed method is not superior to the state-of-the-art methods applied in post-processing in terms of video quality, it provides sufficient performance to lower the cost of camera hardware for the development of real-time devices. According to my analysis, the proposed one reduces the memory access amount by 21.1 times compared to the straightforward method.
Among 28 early confirmed cases of Covid-19 in South Korea, diagnosis was delayed in 11 patients because of subclinical symptoms and diverse initial manifestations. Covid-19 was diagnosed by ...surveillance testing in 3 patients who were asymptomatic.
Systematic review with meta-analysis.
To evaluate the effects of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) on the postoperative recovery of patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total ...knee arthroplasty (TKA).
The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and ISI Web of Science databases were searched to identify literature including randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies and case-control studies through 2 May 2018. The analysed outcomes were mortality rate, transfusion rate, range of motion (ROM), 30-day readmission rate, postoperative complication rate and in-hospital length of stay (LOS).
A total of 25 studies involving 16 699 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with conventional care, ERAS was associated with a significant decrease in mortality rate (relative risk (RR) 0.48, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.85), transfusion rate (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.51), complication rate (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.87) and LOS (mean difference (MD) -2.03, 95% CI -2.64 to -1.42) among all included trials. However, no significant difference was found in ROM (MD 7.53, 95% CI -2.16 to 17.23) and 30-day readmission rate (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.30). There was no significant difference in complications of TKA (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.34 to 2.06) and transfusion rate in RCTs (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.15 to 2.88) between the ERAS group and the control group.
This meta-analysis showed that ERAS significantly reduced the mortality rate, transfusion rate, incidence of complications and LOS of patients undergoing TKA or THA. However, ERAS did not show a significant impact on ROM and 30-day readmission rate. Complications after hip replacement are less than those of knee replacement, and the young patients recover better.
Level 1.
Abstract Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a prominent role in establishing and maintaining an ideal microenvironment for tissue regeneration, and ECM scaffolds are used as a feasible alternative to ...cellular and molecular therapy in the fields of tissue engineering. Because of their advantages over tissue-derived ECM scaffolds, cultured cell-derived ECM scaffolds are beginning to attract attention, but they have been scarcely studied for peripheral nerve repair. Here we aimed to develop a tissue engineered nerve scaffold by reconstituting nerve cell-derived ECM with natural biomaterials. A protocol was adopted to prepare and characterize the cultured Schwann cell (SC)-derived ECM. A chitosan conduit and silk fibroin (SF) fibers were prepared, cultured with SCs for ECM deposition, and subjected to decellularization, followed by assembly into a chitosan/SF-based, SC-derived ECM-modified scaffold, which was used to bridge a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap. The results from morphological analysis as well as electrophysiological examination indicated that regenerative outcomes achieved by our developed scaffold were similar to those by an acellular nerve graft (namely a nerve tissue-derived ECM scaffold), but superior to those by a plain chitosan/SF scaffold. Moreover, blood and histopathological parameters confirmed the safety of scaffold modification by SC-derived ECM. Therefore, a hybrid scaffold based on joint use of acellular and classical biomaterials represents a promising approach to nerve tissue engineering.
Targeting metabolic reprogramming to treat cancer could increase overall survival and reduce side effects. Here, we put forward a strategy using arene‐ruthenium(II)/osmium(II) complexes to potentiate ...the anticancer effect of metformin (Met.) via glucose metabolism reprogramming. Complexes 1–6 with oxoglaucine derivatives as ligands were synthesized and their anti‐tumor activities were tested under hypoglycemia. Results indicated that 2 and 5 potentiated the anticancer effects of Met. under hypoglycemia, exhibiting lower toxicity, slower blood glucose decline and inhibition of early tumor liver metastasis. Combination of 5 with Met. could be used as a new strategy to treat cancer under hypoglycemia through glucose metabolism reprogramming.
Combination of arene‐osmium(II) complex 5 with metformin could be used as a new strategy to treat cancer under hypoglycemia through glucose metabolism reprogramming.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with no absolute cure. The evidence of the involvement of gut microbiota in PD pathogenesis suggests the need to identify certain molecule(s) ...derived from the gut microbiota, which has the potential to manage PD. Osteocalcin (OCN), an osteoblast-secreted protein, has been shown to modulate brain function. Thus, it is of interest to investigate whether OCN could exert protective effect on PD and, if yes, whether the underlying mechanism lies in the subsequent changes in gut microbiota.
The intraperitoneal injection of OCN can effectively ameliorate the motor deficits and dopaminergic neuronal loss in a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced PD mouse model. The further antibiotics treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation experiments confirmed that the gut microbiota was required for OCN-induced protection in PD mice. OCN elevated Bacteroidetes and depleted Firmicutes phyla in the gut microbiota of PD mice with elevated potential of microbial propionate production and was confirmed by fecal propionate levels. Two months of orally administered propionate successfully rescued motor deficits and dopaminergic neuronal loss in PD mice. Furthermore, AR420626, the agonist of FFAR3, which is the receptor of propionate, mimicked the neuroprotective effects of propionate and the ablation of enteric neurons blocked the prevention of dopaminergic neuronal loss by propionate in PD mice.
Together, our results demonstrate that OCN ameliorates motor deficits and dopaminergic neuronal loss in PD mice, modulating gut microbiome and increasing propionate level might be an underlying mechanism responsible for the neuroprotective effects of OCN on PD, and the FFAR3, expressed in enteric nervous system, might be the main action site of propionate. Video abstract.
Abstract
Studies that examined an association between CD8
+
T and prognosis in gastric cancer are inconsistent, and a distinct population of CXCR5
+
CD8
+
T associated with better overall survival ...has been reported among various malignancies. Here, we show that the abundance of intratumoral CXCR5
+
CD8
+
T cells is associated with better overall survival in patients with gastric cancer. Patients with TNM II + III gastric cancer with higher intratumoral CXCR5
+
CD8
+
T cell infiltration are more likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Microsatellite-unstable and Epstein–Barr virus positive tumors are enriched with CXCR5
+
CD8
+
T cells. Gastric cancer infiltrating CXCR5
+
CD8
+
T cells represent a specific subtype of stem-like CD8
+
T with effector memory feature. Identification of the clinical significance and phenotype of gastric cancer infiltrating CXCR5
+
CD8
+
T provides a roadmap for patient stratification and trials of targeted therapies.
Four mononuclear terpyridine complexes Cu(H-L
a
)Cl
2
·CH
3
OH (
1
), Cu(H-L
a
)ClClO
4
(
2
), Cu(H-L
b
)Cl
2
·CH
3
OH (
3
), and Cu(H-L
b
)(CH
3
OH)(DMSO)(ClO
4
)
2
(
4
) were prepared and fully ...characterized. Complexes
1-4
exhibited higher cytotoxic activity against several tested cancer cell lines especially BEL-7402 cells compared to cisplatin, and they showed low toxicity towards normal human liver cells. ICP-MS detection indicated that the copper complexes were accumulated in mitochondria. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the copper complexes induced G0/G1 arrest and altered the expression of the related proteins of the cell cycle. All copper complexes reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential while increasing the intracellular ROS levels and the release of Ca
2+
. They also up-regulated Bax and down-regulated Bcl-2 expression levels, caused cytochrome
c
release and the activation of the caspase cascade, and induced mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis. Animal studies demonstrated that complex
1
suppressed tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model bearing BEL-7402 tumor cells.
Four terpyridine copper(
ii
) complexes were prepared and they showed excellent cytotoxic activity, which induced mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Complex
1
suppressed cell proliferation
in vivo
.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical significance of IL-10 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in gastric cancer.
BACKGROUND:Due to the plasticity and diversity of TAMs, it is necessary to ...phenotypically and functionally classify subsets of TAMs to better understand the critical role of TAMs in cancer progression. TAMs expressing interleukin-10 (IL-10) have been found to facilitate immune evasion in many malignancies, but the role of IL-10 TAMs in gastric cancer remains obscure.
METHODS:Four hundred and sixty-eight tumor tissue microarray specimens, 52 fresh tumor tissue samples of gastric cancer patients from Zhongshan Hospital, and data of 298 gastric cancer patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed. IL-10 TAM level and immune contexture were examined by CIBERSORT, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. Clinical outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox model.
RESULTS:Gastric cancer patients with high IL-10 TAM infiltration exhibited poor prognosis and inferior therapeutic responsiveness to fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. IL-10 TAM infiltration yielded an immunoevasive tumor microenvironment featured by regulatory T cell infiltration and CD8 T cell dysfunction. The combinational analysis of IL-10 TAM and CD8 T cell infiltration stratified patients into distinct risk groups with different clinical outcomes. Moreover, IL-10 TAM infiltration was correlated with tumor-intrinsic characteristics including EBV status, PD-L1 expression, and genome stability in gastric cancer.
CONCLUSIONS:This study revealed that IL-10 TAMs might drive an immunoevasive microenvironment and determine poor prognosis and inferior therapeutic responsiveness to fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy, indicating IL-10 TAMs could be applied as a potential target for immunotherapeutic approach in gastric cancer.
Three ruthenium(III) complexes with pyrazolopyrimidine Ru(L
)(H
O)Cl
(1-3,
= 1-3) were prepared and characterized. These Ru(III) compounds show strong cytotoxicity against six cancer cell lines and ...low toxicity to normal human liver cells. Particularly, they exhibited stronger cytotoxicity to SK-OV-3 cells than cisplatin. Mechanism studies revealed that complex 1 inhibited tumor cell invasion and suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis by elevating the levels of intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) and free calcium (Ca
), and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (Δ
). It also activated the caspase cascade, accompanied with upregulation of cytochrome
, Bax, p53, Apaf-1 and downregulation of Bcl-2. Moreover, complex 1 caused cell cycle arrest at S phase by inhibiting the expression of CDC 25, cyclin A2 and CDK 2 proteins, and induced DNA damage by interacting with DNA and inhibiting the topoisomerase I enzyme. Complex 1 exhibited efficient
anticancer activity in a model of SK-OV-3 tumor xenograft.
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