A different predictive view for the efficient coding of a given video. is proposed in this paper. Each image in a sequence can be seen as a vector in a hyperspace and the whole video as a curve, each ...point of the curve representing a given frame in the video. The whole video can be reconstructed from its video-samples: any image in the hyperspace can be obtained by means of a reconstruction algorithm, in analogy with the reconstruction of an analog signal from its samples. For this aim an appropriate interpolating kernel function should be used due to the multi-dimensional nature of the problem. To obtain the predicted image only the description of its position in the vector hyperspace is needed, i.e. by the vector of distances of the image at hand and the selected video samples (key-frames). A video key-frames codebook is used to synthesize video; it should allow the reconstruction of a good quality prediction of each image to be transmitted with poor requirements on the side motion information. Coding information reduces to the position in the hyperspace of the image to be predicted, the construction of the predicted image to the problem of the efficient multidimensional interpolation of key-frames. The focus of this paper is on the analysis phase of a given video sequence. Preliminary results are presented.
An algorithm for object-oriented motion estimation is presented. The algorithm initially determines a macro-block partition on the basis of the computed current frame difference, using the hidden ...information that a foreground moving object produces high absolute frame difference values in the neighborhood of the object boundaries. An inter-frame coding algorithm, adopting a modified version of classical block matching is then applied on separate slices of each macro-block. Resulting data are used to obtain a preliminary object segmentation. The algorithm further splits each macro-block if characterized by the presence of more than one motion vector into sub-areas. The approach allows us to obtain a global object segmentation-with the possibility of tracking-and lower prediction errors with respect to classical block matching, without increasing the computational complexity.
Accurate pollution monitoring in urban environment requires an extremely large number of measurement station. The very complex 3D structure of urban area and its fluid dynamic behavior cause to be ...necessary very dense sampling grid to evaluate quantitative pollution indexes that can be correlated to real observed health effects or to obtain accurate pollution trend analysis. In order to reduce the high building cost and the management complexity of these high density monitoring grids, some papers proposed mobile monitoring stations to piggyback on public buses obtaining more dense sampling grid with fewer stations. In this paper we propose an Health Navigation System application for smartphone, based on a network of low cost, high precision, miniaturized wireless mobile monitoring system that can be easily embedded on bike frame. The mobile network makes available an accurate pollution urban map to our Navigation System that bikers can use to determine the healthiest route.
Spectral extrapolation in sub-band coding Cafforio, C.; Di Sciascio, E.; Guaragnella, C.
1996 IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop Proceedings,
1996
Conference Proceeding
We examine how feasible it is to extrapolate high-pass terms from the low-pass sub-image obtained by sub-band decomposition. Only very simple techniques like morphological filtering and contours ...extraction have been considered at this first stage, attempting to synthesize from the low-pass sub-image the attenuated transitions. The results point out that there is room for further investigation and improvements.
In this paper, a novel video coding technique is presented, based on the decomposition of the sequence spanned hyperspace in orthogonal components. Good quality video can be reconstructed at the ...receiver, particularly for very low bit rate applications, with low residual error and smooth appearance both in motion reconstruction and in the complete absence of crisp coding artifacts such as blocking structures, basing on a few proper selected examples of the speaker and a multidimensional interpolation algorithm. Principal component analysis exploited by singular value decomposition has been used to decompose the video sequence into eigen-images. A limited set of eigen-images is chosen to span the whole video sequence subspace. Only coefficients to be used in the interpolation procedure are transmitted along the communication channel. Preliminary results are presented for Akyio QCIF video sequence.
MPEG-4 based video coding applications require the segmentation of each video image in its principal moving objects to be coded independently from each other. Several techniques of video objects ...segmentation for coding purposes have been presented in literature; all such segmentation techniques are based on the smart soft-thresholding of the motion fields, the best ones dealing with dense motion fields. Anyway, MPEG-4 based coding structures require a block based (sparse) motion field estimation. The use of block based coding structures, doesn't allow fair video objects segmentation for the intrinsic inaccuracy of motion estimate of the block based structure of the motion field, specially on moving object border blocks. In this context the segmentation obtained based only on motion information is inaccurate, but it can be enhanced by the joint use of information at hand, like color, motion, frame difference, prediction error, texture and so on. In this work a locally connected unsupervised neural network approach is presented, to obtain the segmentation of a moving video object (VO) on a fixed or slow-translating background.
This paper describes the design and the performance of the timing detector developed by the TOTEM Collaboration for the Roman Pots (RPs) to measure the Time-Of-Flight (TOF) of the protons produced in ...central diffractive interactions at the LHC. The measurement of the TOF of the protons allows the determination of the longitudinal position of the proton interaction vertex and its association with one of the vertices reconstructed by the CMS detectors. The TOF detector is based on single crystal Chemical Vapor Deposition (scCVD) diamond plates and is designed to measure the protons TOF with about 50 ps time precision. This upgrade to the TOTEM apparatus will be used in the LHC run 2 and will tag the central diffractive events up to an interaction pileup of about 1. A dedicated fast and low noise electronics for the signal amplification has been developed. The digitization of the diamond signal is performed by sampling the waveform. After introducing the physics studies that will most profit from the addition of these new detectors, we discuss in detail the optimization and the performance of the first TOF detector installed in the LHC in November 2015.
Refractory products based on dolomite are used almost exclusively in steel production. Recycling of these materials after removal from service could have a strong economic impact. Recycling is driven ...also by legislation or corporate efforts to reduce or eliminate industrial waste. Typically, a large steel industry, should recycle 1000 tons refractory bricks every month. Nowadays this operation is executed by human operators that select manually the bricks with a 90% reliability. In this work we identify and evaluate the meaningful texture features that allow automatic classification of different kinds of refractory bricks. Several indexes have been evaluated and they show that they can be able and effective to give suitable solutions for this problem.
Eur. Phys. J. C (2016) 76: 661 The TOTEM experiment at the CERN LHC has measured elastic proton-proton
scattering at the centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV and four-momentum
transfers squared, ...|t|, from 6 x $10^{-4}$ GeV$^2$ to 0.2 GeV$^2$. Near the
lower end of the |t|-interval the differential cross-section is sensitive to
the interference between the hadronic and the electromagnetic scattering
amplitudes. This article presents the elastic cross-section measurement and the
constraints it imposes on the functional forms of the modulus and phase of the
hadronic elastic amplitude. The data exclude the traditional Simplified West
and Yennie interference formula that requires a constant phase and a purely
exponential modulus of the hadronic amplitude. For parametrisations of the
hadronic modulus with second- or third-order polynomials in the exponent, the
data are compatible with hadronic phase functions giving either central or
peripheral behaviour in the impact parameter picture of elastic scattering. In
both cases, the $\rho$-parameter is found to be 0.12 $\pm$ 0.03. The results
for the total hadronic cross-section are $\sigma_{tot}$ = (102.9 $\pm$ 2.3) mb
and (103.0 $\pm$ 2.3) mb for central and peripheral phase formulations,
respectively. Both are consistent with previous TOTEM measurements.
