The relevance of the study is due to the need to comprehend the influence of cultural and value orientations on the behavior of Russian and foreign students in difficult situations. Relying on ...meaningful life guidelines helps to transform and improve one’s own line of response at difficult social crisis conditions and accumulate a baggage of culturally acceptable solutions. The need to understand this problem determined the purpose of the study – to identify features in the manifestation of meaningful life orientations and differences in the strategies of protective coping behavior among Russian and foreign students (from the Republic of Tajikistan). Based on the set goal, using empirical and interpretive research methods, results were obtained for a total sample of 100 people. The subjects were first-year students from Tajikistan and Russia. It was revealed that Russian students in crisis situations actively try to comprehend it and, nevertheless, satisfy their significant needs, while foreign young people, most often, smooth out, mitigate discomfort, their behavior is compensatory in nature. Nevertheless, differences in value-semantic orientations and, in accordance with this, building their own trajectory of protective and coping behavior allow students to adapt in society, coordinating their traditional values with the modern cultural transformation of society.
Introduction
. Over the past decades, Russian society has seen an increase in humanistic trends related to a more attentive and more careful attitude towards the qualitative diversity of society than ...before. In particular, there are significant changes in the education and upbringing of children with mental development problems (deviations or disorders). Creating the conditions for the full and dignified existence of such children is impossible without their inclusion in social relations, without the support of the process of formation of their individuality, which is particularly significant at the early stages of ontogenesis, when the foundations are laid down and cultural and social norms of behaviour are learned.
The
aims
of the present publication are the following: to describe diagnostic tools for identifying the level of formation of the adaptation and integration potential of children with mental retardation of primary school age; to demonstrate the ways of this potential development by means of artistic and creative activities.
Methodology and research methods.
The research was based on the principles of individualisation and differentiation of correctional and pedagogical process; the capacities, characteristics of development and needs of each child; systemacity of training with close cooperation of all its participants; compliance of requirements, methods, techniques and educational conditions with individual and age characteristics of students. In the course of the experiment, a complex of diagnostic and correctional-developing methods was used: “Finish the Story” (G. A. Uruntayeva, Yu. A. Afon’kin), “Story Pictures” (R. R. Kinina), “Rukavichki” (G. A. Zuckermann), etc. The obtained data were processed through a mathematical method of assessing the significance of differences using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.
Results and scientific novelty.
The research presents the developed and tested methodology of diagnostics of adaptive and integrative potential of children of primary school age with mental retardation. This methodology was developed in educational establishments, including children’s art schools. The criteria and qualitative characteristics of the levels of formation of this potential are highlighted. Three of its structural components – cognitive, emotional and behavioural – are identified, which are proposed to be developed through artistic and creative activities with close cooperation of specialists of the school support service, parents and teachers of additional education. Such activities are considered as a specially organised process with personal-oriented goals, in which art acts as a determinant of the socio-cultural formation of a child’s personality and contributes to his or her successful inclusion in the school community of peers and further socialisation. The idea and concept of improving correctional and pedagogical work with children with special educational needs through artistic creativity are based on: the predisposition of any child to it, regardless of the presence/absence of any nosology; the accessibility for everyone of this way of learning the world around.
Practical significance.
The research materials can be used in the practice of special psychologists, rehabilitators, defectologists, teachers of children additional education, as well as in the system of training, advanced training and retraining of pedagogical personnel.
The article considers medical and pedagogical prevention of deviant behavior of adolescents from dysfunctional families in conditions of rural school, related to the need of strengthening targeted ...joint interaction of medical and pedagogical institutions. The description and results of testing of diagnostic tools used to establish severity of deviant behavior of children in a selected group is discussed. The interaction of medical and educational institutions in preventing deviant behavior of adolescents from dysfunctional families in rural school is of key importance for combating prevalence of drug addiction, tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse and psychoactive substances consumption, and contributing to physical and mental health promotion of younger generation, development of healthy lifestyle. The study was organized to cover cognitive, behavioral, affective and value-motivational components. The qualitative characteristics of levels of severity of deviant behavior of adolescents from dysfunctional families were developed and proposed for practice application.
The article considers and describes in detail the peculiarities of teachers’ professional behavior. The authors determine its most specific and essential features, as well as its structure depending ...on the type of educational organization and region of residence. Besides, a significant part of the research is devoted to the consideration and comparison of teachers’ professional behavior characteristics depending on the level of occupational health disorders. The experimental study involved the teachers who implement inclusive education in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation (Kaliningrad and Vologda regions). Among them there are future teachers and secondary school teachers implementing inclusive practice, preschool and secondary school teachers working with the children with disabilities. The total amount of the participants was 1450 people, and the number of representative samples came up to 752 people. In the course of the study, the role of various factors in teachers’ professional behavior was revealed and updated: behavioral and environmental factors as well as personality traits. In order to maintain professional health of teachers, a psychological and pedagogical workshop was organized, which included educational and applied stages. In modular psychological and pedagogical support, the emphasis was made on health-saving technologies that contribute to professional burnout prevention, on the possibility of developing and applying relevant patterns of coping behavior in labor relationships.
The article considers the problems of distance learning for students with disabilities during a pandemic. The survey was organized and conducted to reveal the attitude to distance learning and ...determine the challenges encountered. During the survey, the disabled students’ satisfaction with distance learning during the pandemic was assessed, the advantages and difficulties they faced during the period of quarantine study were identified. The survey involved the students with visual, hearing and movement impairments, as well as the students with limited mobility and the disabled students with systemic diseases. All the students study at Russian universities located on the territory of 8 constituent entities of the North-West Federal District (Arkhangelsk region, Vologda region, Kaliningrad region, Murmansk region, Novgorod region, Pskov region, Republic of Karelia, Republic of Komi). The total of 230 respondents took part in the survey. The article analyzes the disabled students’ response to the quarantine caused by the pandemic, and also describes the specificity and severity of the problems depending on the kind of the students’ health limitations. The analysis of the responses allowed us to conclude that the problems of the socio-psychological (low self-motivation and self-organization, fatigue, low mood, lack of live communication) and technical (the problems with the Internet communication and distance learning platforms) come to the fore. The identified difficulties allowed the authors to make a list of recommendations to be used when organizing distance learning for students with disabilities. The proposed recommendations imply the application of the practice of permanent psychological-pedagogical and socio-psychological support for the education of students with disabilities.
The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial and antiadhesive properties of a biosurfactant isolated from Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei A20 against several micro-organisms, ...including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi. Antimicrobial and antiadhesive activities were determined using the microdilution method in 96-well culture plates. The biosurfactant showed antimicrobial activity against all the micro-organisms assayed, and for twelve of the eighteen micro-organisms (including the pathogenic Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus agalactiae), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were achieved for biosurfactant concentrations between 25 and 50 mg ml⁻¹. Furthermore, the biosurfactant showed antiadhesive activity against most of the micro-organisms evaluated. As far as we know, this is the first compilation of data on antimicrobial and antiadhesive activities of biosurfactants obtained from lactobacilli against such a broad group of micro-organisms. Although the antiadhesive activity of biosurfactants isolated from lactic acid bacteria has been widely reported, their antimicrobial activity is quite unusual and has been described only in a few strains. The results obtained in this study regarding the antimicrobial and antiadhesive properties of this biosurfactant opens future prospects for its use against micro-organisms responsible for diseases and infections in the urinary, vaginal and gastrointestinal tracts, as well as in the skin, making it a suitable alternative to conventional antibiotics.
•Direct and indirect measurements magnetocaloric effect in Pr0.7Sr0.2Ca0.1MnO3.•Specific heat, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, resistivity Pr0.7Sr0.2Ca0.1MnO3.•Correlation of the MCE and ...thermophysical properties near the FM-PM phase transition.•The giant value of the RCP ~814 J/kg for the Pr0.7Sr0.2Ca0.1MnO3 sample at H = 80 kOe.
We present the results of a comparative analysis of the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in Pr0.7Sr0.2Ca0.1MnO3, through direct and indirect measurements, using experimentally measured magnetization, specific heat, magnetostriction, resistivity, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity parameters. We have demonstrated that the change in each parameter in response to a magnetic field near the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition temperature of the material correlates with the change in magnetic entropy. These findings allow us to interrelate these parameters and provide an alternative, effective approach for accessing the usefulness of magnetocaloric materials.
The effects observed in the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillation regime in the HgCdTe/HgTe/HgCdTe heterostructure with a wide (20.3 nm) HgTe quantum well with an inverted band structure are discussed. In a ...topologically trivial 2D system, a π-shift of magnetooscillation phase is found. A thorough experimental study and theoretical analysis of the data is presented to understand the physical causes of this anomalous phase shift. The effective electron mass
m
c
/
m
0
= (0.022 ± 0.002) obtained from the region of doubly degenerate magnetoresistance peaks is approximately half the theoretical estimates. In the region of stronger magnetic fields, for non-degenerate magnetoresistance peaks, we have
m
c
/
m
0
= (0.034 ± 0.003), which is in good agreement with both theoretical predictions and experimental results obtained from the analysis of activation conductivity in the quantum Hall effect regime. The reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
•Magneto-oscillations in HgTe quantum well with inverted band structure are analyzed.•Shift by π of magneto-oscillations is detected in topologically trivial 2D system.•Point is that Zeeman splitting ...is greater than cyclotron one for system studied.•This leads to excess non-degenerate level in Landau level scheme.•Comparison with monolayer graphene Landau spectrum is discussed.
The results of the longitudinal and Hall magnetoresistivity measurements in the Shubnikov - de Haas oscillation regime for the HgCdTe/HgTe/HgCdTe heterostructures with a wide (20.3 nm) HgTe quantum well are presented. An anomalous phase shift of magneto-oscillations is detected in the region of spin-unsplit peaks in contradiction with a conventional situation in 2D systems. It is shown that the observed features are associated with the inverted nature of the spectrum in the size-quantized H1 subband of the investigated HgTe quantum well. The results obtained are compared with the phase shift effects of both the magneto-oscillations and plateaus of the quantum Hall effect in monolayer graphene and in semimagnetic HgMnTe quantum wells.
The effectiveness of inclusive higher education is determined by a complex of interrelated factors, including the readiness of university staff for inclusion. Taking into account the requests of the ...state and society, the strategy for the development of education in Russia, the central place in discussing the readiness of university staff for inclusion should take an assessment of the level of development of the inclusive culture as an integral indicator of inclusive competence and personal readiness, which became the goal of this study. The study was implemented on the basis of the Resource Educational and Methodological Center of the North-Western Federal District for people with disabilities of the Cherepovets State University from 2017 to 2023. The pilot study involved 1680 students graduated from the Resource Educational and Methodological center from 2017 to 2023, they filled a questionnaire to assess the level of inclusive culture. The representative sample is represented by 200 employees of 28 universities of the Northwestern Federal District. The results of the study showed that an inclusive culture is a specific neoplasm, the result of professional and personal development of specialists. The level of inclusive culture differs depending on the type of professional activity, it differs in the qualitative composition of the characteristics of representatives of the administration, teachers and educational support staff. Education on the topic of inclusion has a positive effect on the personal readiness for inclusion of university staff. However, the state of inclusive competence has a significant variability of characteristics within the surveyed sample and demonstrates the need for psychological and methodological support and diverse formation for university staff.
Эффективность инклюзивного высшего образования определяется разными факторами, в т.ч. состоянием инклюзивной культуры сотрудников вузов. С целью ее оценки как интегрального показателя инклюзивной компетентности и личностной готовности на базе Ресурсного учебно-методического центра Северо-Западного федерального округа по обучению лиц с ОВЗ и инвалидностью Череповецкого государственного университета было реализовано исследование. В пилотном исследовании приняли участие 1680 человек, прошедших обучение в РУМЦ СЗФО ЧГУ с 2017 по 2023 гг. и опрос по оценке уровня инклюзивной культуры. Репрезентативная выборка представлена 200 сотрудниками 28 вузов. Выявлено, что инклюзивная культура является результатом профессионального и личностного развития. Ее уровень имеет отличия в зависимости от вида профессиональной деятельности и различается у представителей администрации, преподавателей и учебно-вспомогательного персонала. Обучение по теме инклюзии положительно влияет на личностную готовность к инклюзии. Однако инклюзивная компетентность имеет существенную вариативность характеристик и демонстрирует необходимость психологической и методической поддержки сотрудников вузов, вариативной их подготовки.
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