Bias is another concern since AI makes decisions solely on the data it receives as input; this data must represent accurate information. ...while qualifying researchers and writers for scientific ...writing using AI can be an innovative and effective approach, it is important to ensure that they have a solid understanding of the principles and conventions of scientific writing. The announcement by the ICMJE signals an upheaval in recognizing the potential of AI language models in scientific manuscript writing, provided they are used wisely and in a way that complements human knowledge and skill, considerably advancing scientific understanding. * Correspondence Address: Walter J. Gomes https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3385-0215 E-mail: wjgomes1012@gmail.com Huang J, Tan M. The role of ChatGPT in scientific communication: writing better scientific review articles.
Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of an early cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program on health-related quality of life (HRQL) and functional capacity in ...patients who recently experienced an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This program was initiated in the inpatient setting and was followed by an unsupervised outpatient intervention. Methods After the same inpatient care plan, low-risk patients who experienced an AMI were randomized into 2 groups: (1) a control group (CG) (n = 43) entailing usual care and (2) an intervention group (IG) (n = 45) entailing outpatient (unsupervised) CR primarily centered on a progressive walking program. Initially, all patients underwent a supervised exercise program with early mobilization beginning 12 hours after an AMI. On hospital discharge, all patients were classified according to cardiovascular risk. Quality of life was evaluated by the MacNew Heart Disease HRQL questionnaire 30 days after discharge. Functional capacity was determined by a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance on the day of inpatient discharge as well as 30 days afterward. Results The HRQL global score was higher in the IG compared with the CG 30 days after discharge ( P < 0.001); physical and emotional domain scores were both significantly higher in the IG ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, the IG showed a greater 6MWT distance compared with the CG ( P < 0.001). Conclusions A CR program based on early progressive exercises, initiated by supervised inpatient training and followed by an unsupervised outpatient program, improved HRQL and functional capacity in patients at low cardiovascular risk who recently experienced an AMI.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a home-based walking program on erectile function and the relation between functional capacity and erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients ...with recent myocardial infarctions. Patients with acute myocardial infarctions deemed to be at low cardiovascular risk were randomized into 2 groups: (1) a home-based walking group (n = 41), instructed to participate in a progressive outdoor walking program, and (2) a control group (n = 45), receiving usual care. Functional capacity was determined by the 6-minute walk test and evaluation of sexual function by the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire; the 2 tests were performed at hospital discharge and 30 days later. In the overall cohort, 84% of patients reported previous ED at hospital discharge. After 30 days, ED had increased by 9% in the control group in relation to baseline (p = 0.08). However, the home-based walking group had a significant decrease of 71% in reported ED (p <0.0001). The 6-minute walk distance was statistically significant higher in the home-based walking group compared with the control group (p = 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between 6-minute walk distance and ED 30 days after hospital discharge (r = −0.71, p <0.01). In conclusion, an unsupervised home-based progressive walking program led to significant improvements in functional capacity in men at low cardiovascular risk after recent acute myocardial infarctions. In addition, this intervention demonstrated a link between functional capacity and exercise training and erectile function improvement.
In December 2019, a striking appearance of new cases of viral pneumonia in Wuhan led to the detection of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2). By analyzing patients with severe manifestations, it became ...apparent that 20 to 35% of patients who died had preexisting cardiovascular disease. This finding warrants the important need to discuss the influence of SARS-CoV2 infection on the cardiovascular system and hemodynamics in the context of clinical management, particularly during mechanical ventilation. The SARS-CoV2 enters human cells through the spike protein binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is important to cardiovascular modulation and endothelial signaling. As ACE2 is highly expressed in lung tissue, patients have been progressing to acute respiratory injury at an alarming frequency during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Moreover, COVID-19 leads to high D-dimer levels and prothrombin time, which indicates a substantial coagulation disorder. It seems that an overwhelming inflammatory and thrombogenic condition is responsible for a mismatching of ventilation and perfusion, with a somewhat near-normal static lung compliance, which describes two types of pulmonary conditions. As such, positive pressure during invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) must be applied with caution. The authors of this review appeal to the necessity of paying closer attention to assess microhemodynamic repercussion, by monitoring central venous oxygen saturation during strategies of IMV. It is well known that a severe respiratory infection and a scattered inflammatory process can cause non-ischemic myocardial injury, including progression to myocarditis. Early strategies that guide clinical decisions can be lifesaving and prevent extended myocardial damage. Moreover, cardiopulmonary failure refractory to standard treatment may necessitate the use of extreme therapeutic strategies, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
This study aims to investigate the ability of the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) as a prognostic marker for midterm clinical outcomes three months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), to ...identify possible predictors of fall in 6MWD in the early postoperative period, and to establish the percentage fall in early postoperative 6MWD, considering the preoperative baseline as 100%.
A prospective cohort of patients undergoing elective CABG were included. The percentage fall in 6MWD was assessed by the difference between preoperative and postoperative day (POD) five. Clinical outcomes were evaluated three months after hospital discharge.
There was a significant decrease in 6MWD on POD5 compared with preoperative baseline values (percentage fall of 32.5±16.5%, P<0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed an independent association of the percentage fall of 6MWD with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the best cutoff value of percentage fall in 6MWD to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months was 34.6% (area under the curve = 0.82, sensitivity = 78.95%, specificity = 76.19%, P=0.0001).
This study indicates that a cutoff value of 34.6% in percentage fall of 6MWD on POD5 was able to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months of follow-up after CABG. Use of CPB and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength were independent predictors of percentage fall of 6MWD in the postoperative period. These findings further support the clinical application of 6MWD and propose an inpatient preventive strategy to guide clinical management over time.
In heart transplantation (HT) recipients, several factors are critical to promptly adopting appropriate rehabilitation strategies and may be important to predict outcomes way after surgery. This ...study aimed to determine preoperative patient-related risk factors that could adversely affect the postoperative clinical course of patients undergoing HT.
Twenty-one hospitalized patients with heart failure undergoing HT were evaluated according to respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity before HT. Mechanical ventilation (MV) time, reintubation rate, and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay were recorded, and assessed postoperatively.
Inspiratory muscle strength as absolute and percentpredicted values were strongly correlated with MV time (r=-0.61 and r=-0.70, respectively, at P<0.001). Concerning ICU length of stay, only maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) absolute and percent-predicted values were significantly associated. The absolute |MIP| was significantly negatively correlated with ICU length of stay (r=-0.58 at P=0.006) and the percent-predicted MIP was also significantly negatively correlated with ICU length of stay (r=-0.68 at P=0.0007). No associations were observed between preoperative functional capacity, age, sex, and clinical characteristics and MV time and ICU length of stay in the cohort included in this study. Patients with respiratory muscle weakness had a higher prevalence of prolonged MV, reintubation, and delayed ICU length of stay.
An impairment of preoperative MIP was associated with poorer short-term outcomes following HT. As such, inspiratory muscle strength is an important clinical preoperative marker in patients undergoing HT.
To analyze the profile and outcomes of patients who underwent valve heart surgery in Brazil, using information retrieved from the Brazilian Registry of Cardiovascular Surgeries in Adults (BYPASS ...Registry) database.
This is a multicenter cohort study, evaluating 920 patients submitted to heart valve surgery. Demographics and postoperative clinical outcomes were assessed and compared to estimate mortality risk using the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE).
Isolated aortic valve replacement was the most frequently performed surgery (34%), followed by isolated mitral valve replacement (24.9%). Valve repair was performed in 21% of mitral procedures. Minimally invasive access was performed in 1.6% and the most frequent postoperative complications were arrhythmias (22.6%), infections (5.7%), and low-output syndrome (5.1%). Operations covered by the public health system accounted for 80.8% and the hospital mortality rate was 7.3%.
The most frequent isolated valve surgery in Brazil is the aortic valve replacement by conventional open access and the rheumatic disease is still the main etiology for valve surgery. The BYPASS Registry has a fundamental role to provide information on the profile of patients with valve heart disease in our country in order to delineate adequate strategies for health promotion and resource allocation for cardiac surgery.
Objective To compare pulmonary function, functional capacity, and clinical outcomes among conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV), early open-lung (EOL), and late open-lung (LOL) strategies after ...off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB). Design Prospective, randomized, and double-blinded study. Setting Two hospitals of the Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Participants Ninety-three patients undergoing elective first-time OPCAB. Interventions Patients were randomized into 3 groups: CMV (n=31); LOL (n=32) initiated upon intensive care unit (ICU) arrival; EOL (n = 30) initiated after intubation. Measuraments and Main Results Spirometry was performed at bedside preoperatively and on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, and 5. Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2 ) and pulmonary shunt fraction were evaluated presurgically and on POD 1; 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was performed presurgically and on POD 5. Both open-lung groups demonstrated higher forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second on PODs 1, 3 and 5 compared to the CMV group (p<0.05). Similar results were found in relation to the 6MWT distance. Shunt fraction was lower and PaO2 was higher in both open-lung groups (p<0.05). Open-lung groups had shorter intubation time and hospital stay as well as fewer respiratory events (p<0.05). No statistical difference was found relative to the aforementioned results when the EOL and LOL groups were compared. Conclusions Both open-lung strategies were able to promote higher pulmonary function preservation and greater recovery of functional capacity with better clinical outcomes after OPCAB. No difference in outcome was found when comparing initiation of OLS intraoperatively or after ICU arrival.
Resumo Introdução Com o início da pandemia, inquietações quanto à condução da parada cardiorrespiratória em casos suspeitos e confirmados da COVID-19 surgiram ante as peculiaridades e publicações ...científicas quanto à temática. Dessa forma, o presente estudo apresenta uma reflexão e demonstra as novas recomendações acerca dos cuidados necessários a serem adotados pela equipe multiprofissional. Método Trata-se de um estudo de reflexão teórica, de caráter descritivo e abordagem qualitativa com base em documentos convencionais e não convencionais emitidos pelos principais órgãos reguladores e revistas de grande impacto que abordam as temáticas discorridas. Além disso, não houve recorte temporal para a seleção do referencial bibliográfico. Resultados Os resultados expostos abordaram o cuidado relacionado com os recursos humanos e materiais envolvendo a temática, o manejo da via aérea nesse evento em pacientes que estavam ou não em uso de intubação endotraqueal, assim como em relação aos indivíduos em posição prona. Conclusão e implicações para a prática Diante das discussões apresentadas, é evidente a necessidade de atualização por parte das instituições de saúde em suas rotinas e dos profissionais que se encontram neste estudo como mecanismo de proteção e manutenção da qualidade do cuidado prestado.
Abstract Introduction With the onset of the pandemic, concerns emerged about the management of cardiorespiratory arrest in suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 considering its singularities and scientific publications on the subject. Thus, this study presents a reflection about the new recommendations for patient care that must be adopted by multiprofessional teams. Method This is a theoretical qualitative descriptive study that analyzed conventional and unconventional documents issued by the main regulatory bodies and high impact magazines addressing the study topics. No time frame was considered when selecting the bibliographic references. Results The results addressed patient care with human and material resources involving the theme, the airway management in patients affected by COVID-19, whether they were using endotracheal intubation or not, and the approach for individuals in prone position. Conclusion and implications for the practice In view of the discussions presented, health institutions and professionals must update their routines as a mechanism to protect and maintain the quality of care provided.
Resumen Introducción Con el inicio de la pandemia, preocupaciones sobre la conducción del paro cardiorrespiratorio en casos sospechosos y confirmados de COVID-19 ante las peculiaridades y publicaciones científicas sobre el tema. Así pues, este estudio presenta una reflexión y demuestra las nuevas recomendaciones sobre los cuidados que deben adoptarse por el equipo. Método Se trata de un estudio de reflexión teórica, de carácter descriptivo y enfoque cualitativo, basado em documentos convencionales y no convencionales emitidos por los principales organismos reguladores y revistas de alto impacto que abordan los temas tratados. Además, no hubo un recorte temporal para la selección de la referencia bibliográfica. Resultados Los resultados expuestos abordaron el cuidado relacionado con los recursos humanos y materiales involucrando la temática, el manejo de la vía aérea en este evento, en pacientes que usaban o no intubación endotraqueal, como también en relación de individuos en posición prona. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica Ante las discusiones presentadas, es evidente la necesidad de actualización por las instituciones de salud en sus rutinas y de los profesionales que se encuentran en este estudio, como mecanismo de protección y mantenimiento de la calidad del cuidado ministrado.
The aim of this study is to characterize the presence of exercise oscillatory ventilation (EOV) and to relate it with other cardiopulmonary exercise test (CET) responses and clinical variables.
...Forty-six male patients (age: 53.1±13.6 years old; left ventricular ejection fraction LVEF: 30±8%) with heart failure were recruited to perform a maximal CET and to correlate the CET responses with clinical variables. The EOV was obtained according to Leite et al. criteria and VE/VCO2 > 34 and peak VO2 < 14 ml/kg/min were used to assess patients' severity.
The EOV was observed in 16 of 24 patients who performed the CET, as well as VE/VCO2 > 34 and peak VO2 < 14 ml/kg/min in 14 and 10 patients, respectively. There was no difference in clinical and CET variables of the patients who presented EOV in CET when compared to non-EOV patients. Also, there was no difference in CET and clinical variables when comparing patients who presented EOV and had a VE/VCO2 slope > 34 to patients who just had one of these responses either.
The present study showed that there was an incidence of patients with EOV and lower peak VO2 and higher VE/VCO2 slope values, but they showed no difference on other prognostic variables. As well, there was no influence of the presence of EOV on other parameters of CET in this population, suggesting that this variable may be an independent marker of worst prognosis in HF patients.
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