Strawberry trees (
L.) are naturally grown in particular Black Sea and Mediterranean regions of Turkey with great diversity due to continuous seed propagation for centuries. The trees differ in terms ...of most of the horticultural characteristics. We investigated the phenolic compounds and the biochemical and pomological characteristics of the fruits of eight strawberry tree selections naturally grown in the western part of Turkey. Significant differences were found among the genotypes in terms of their phenolic compounds and their biochemical and pomological characteristics. Among soluble sugars, fructose (11.63 g 100 g
) was the dominant sugar, followed by glucose (6.10 g 100 g
) and sucrose (1.44 g 100 g
) for all the genotypes. Positive correlation was found between fruit weight and soluble sugar content. Malic acid was the major organic acid (0.67-2.33 g 100 g
), and the second major organic acid in strawberry tree fruits was citric acid (0.25-0.87 g 100 g
). Vitamin C content was an average of 56.22 g 100 g
for the eight genotypes. Among phenolic compounds, gallic acid was dominant (1.62-7.29 mg 100 g
), followed by chlorogenic acid (1.23-3.14 mg 100 g
), on an average basis.
One of the primary goals of fruit production and storage is to ensure pre-and post-harvest food quality. Polyamines have recently been used to improve food quality after harvest. We used spermidine ...concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM in plum fruits for 20 and 40 days of cold storage. Each dose provided significantly higher preservation of sensory properties, organic acids, and phenolic compounds than the control, with a gradual improvement by doses. Malic acid was the predominant organic acid and was gradually preserved by spermidine doses, including 25% more malic acid for the 1.5 mM spermidine treatment. Similarly, chlorogenic acid, the most abundant phenolic compound studied, was also 25% higher when the spermidine dose rose to 1.5 mM. The 1.5 mM spermidine notably inhibited weight loss and respiration rate. Organic acids and phenolic compounds were particularly protected by the 1 and 1.5 mM doses, and multivariate approaches suggested that spermidine has a comprehensive stability effect on secondary metabolites. This study proposes spermidine as a comprehensive metabolic preserver that protects polyphenols and organic acids, thus preserving the taste and healthiness of cold-stored plum fruits.
•Spermidine preserved basic quality criteria in plum fruits.•Spermidine doses significantly reduced weight loss.•Protective effect of spermidine gradually improved by dose.•Polyphenols and organic acids were comprehensively preserved by spermidine.
The aim of this research was to determine the changes in the organic acids and phenolic compounds in fruits of red currant due to maturity. It was harvested two cultivars (Red Lake and Rovada cv.) ...during four different maturity stages (green color, veraison, pink color, and red color) in red currant orchard in Bolu province. In red currant fruits 12 phenolic compounds (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, o-coumaric, rutin, phloridzin, and quercetin), 6 organic acids (malic, succinic, citric, fumaric, tartaric, and oxalic acid), and vitamin C were determined depending on maturity. All ripening times were found to be rich in catechin and rutin. It was determined that the contents of vanillic acid, ferulic acid, routine, phloridzin, and quercetin increased with maturation. In the study, the highest organic acids contents were determined at green stages. The content of vitamin C varied depending on the ripening. The results suggest that red currant fruits were richest in organic acids and phenolic compounds in red maturity period.
Turkey has a very rich flora due to diverse climatic and topographic
conditions within the country. Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) is an
important wild edible fruits and widely distributed in ...Turkey and well known
for its fruit antioxidants and nutrients. In this study, phytochemical
content in fruits of a number of Cornelian cherry genotypes in Erzincan
region were determined. The biochemical analysis included organic acids,
sugars, vitamin C, antioxidant and individual phenolic compounds. In the
study, organic acid content was between 253.09 mg/100 g and 112.50 mg/100 g.
Vitamin C content varied between 115.85 mg/100g and 43.77 mg/100 g.
Likewise, the sugar content of Cornelian cherry fruits varied from 6.17
g/100 g to 4.06 g/100 g. When the antioxidant content was examined, the
highest antioxidant was 980.91 ?mol TE/g fresh weight (FW) base and the
lowest was 490.38 ?mol TE/g FW. In the genotypes examined, gallic acid was
determined as the highest among the individual phenolic compounds, while the
individual phenolic amounts ranged from 38.93 mg/100 g FW to 4.31 mg/100 g
FW. As a result of the study, it was determined that Cornelian cherry fruits
are very rich in vitamin C and other phytochemicals and as a result of this
examination, 24ER04 and 24ER08 genotypes came to the fore.
This study was conducted in almond genetic resources selected from Eastern and Western Turkey. 71 (
Prunus dulcis
(Miller) D.A. Webb) genotypes were selected from Balıkesir (Western Turkey) and ...Tunceli (Eastern Turkey) districts in 2012. Alpha (α)-tocopherol, gamma (γ)-tocopherol, delta (δ)-tocopherol and alpha (α)-tocotrienols and total vitamin E content were investigated in the selected almond genotypes. 38 almond genotypes from Balıkesir province had alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, gamma tocopherol, alpha-tocotrienols and total vitamin E content to be from non detectable to 1164.36 mg kg
−1
oil, non detectable to 130.03 mg kg
−1
oil, non detectable to 81.38 mg kg
−1
oil, non detectable to 1252.24 mg kg
−1
oil, respectively. 33 almond genotypes from Tunceli district showed alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, alpha-tocotrienols and total vitamin E content to be between non-detectable and 1085.92 mg kg
−1
oil, non detectable and 21.12 mg kg
−1
oil, non detectable and 91.26 mg kg
−1
oil, 0.86 and 1191.81 mg kg
−1
oil, respectively. Delta tocopherol content was not detectable in almond genotypes selected from Balıkesir and Tunceli provinces. BKS-3, BKS-16 and TUN-15 genotypes showed higher tocopherol content in comparison to the other genotypes tested. We can say that these genotypes could be a useful source for the future breeding projects in developing almond cultivars with high tocopherol content.
•Pollination is essential for both fruit production as well as genetic variations.•Dichogamous nature of walnut is hindering pollination, fruit set and breeding.•Inter-specific hybrids offer ...considerable variations and genetic diversity.•Better understanding of pollination mechanisms can reduce PFA in walnuts.
Pollination promotes both fruit production as well as genetic variations in fruit crops. Walnut belongs to the deciduous, monoecious, anemophilous and self-compatible fruit tree. Regardless of self-compatibility, due to dichogamous nature of crop it is hindering pollination, fruit set and breeding in walnut. Pollination mechanisms in walnut are not completely understood, and this unusually complex pollination behavior necessitates that we improve our mechanistic understanding of cytology, flower and pollen morphology, pollen collection, storage and germination and pollination process in walnut. A deeper understanding of pollination mechanisms is vital for fruit production as well as to reduce pistillate flower abortion (PFA) and to speed up future walnut breeding and varietal improvement by enhancing genetic diversity and developing hybrid verities targeted for having desirable traits like lateral bearing, precocity, batter fruit quality, high productivity, earlier harvest and resistance to late-spring frost, cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV), blight and pistillate flower abortion. A comprehensive grasp of walnut pollination mechanisms enables experts to offer more effective technical guidance to walnut growers. This article presents recent advancements in our understanding, consolidating pertinent and up-to-date information on walnut pollination mechanisms into a single resource for the first time. It serves as a valuable reference for researchers engaged in horticultural research, particularly in the domains of pollination, fruit production, and walnut tree breeding.
In this study, a total of 55 wild-grown mulberry landraces belonging to Morus alba L., Morus rubra L., and Morus nigra L. species (Rosales order, Moraceae family, Morus L. genus) were sampled around ...the Van Lake basin, and some fruit characteristics were determined. All landraces are naturally grown in the Lake Van basin under pesticide-free conditions. As fruit character, phenolic compounds (gallic acid, catechin, quercetin, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, rutin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and phlorizin) and organic acids (malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid and ascorbic acid) were determined. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the correlation between mulberry species in terms of biochemical compounds. As a result of PCA-biplot analysis, two variations were sufficient to explain the correlation between phenolic compounds and organic acids. This ratio reveals that mulberry species are separated with sharp boundaries in terms of biochemical compounds. Chlorogenic acid and rutin content were high in all mulberry landraces. The highest chlorogenic acid content was detected in landrace 65VN03 belonging to M. rubra (3.778 mg/g), 65GV12 belonging to M. nigra (3.526 mg/g), 13AD08 belonging to M. rubra (2.461 mg/g), and 13AH02 belonging to M. rubra (6.246 mg/g) landraces. In terms of organic acid content, malic acid was the dominant organic acid for genotypes. The rich bioactive compounds make M. alba, M. rubra, and M. nigra landraces as cultivar candidates for breeding purposes. It is a valuable source of bioactive agents that may have prevented humans from oxidative-stress-related diseases.
Stomata size and frequency in some walnut (Juglans regia) cultivars Muradoglu, F. (Yuzunch Yil Univ., Van (Turkey). Dept. of Horticulture); Gundogdu, M. (Yuzunch Yil Univ., Van (Turkey). Dept. of Horticulture)
International journal of agriculture and biology,
01/2011, Letnik:
13, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This study compared the stomata frequency, stomata size, chlorophyll content and leaf characteristics (leaf length, width & leaf area) of 11 cultivars of walnuts. The stomata frequency, stomata size ...(stomata length and width) of all 11 cultivars were in the range 183-335 stomata/mm2, 17.21-30.10 and 10.65-20.06 mum, respectively. The stomatal frequency of Chandler was the largest and the stomata length and width of Fernor were the largest among all the walnuts cultivars. Chlorophyll and leaf characteristic were measured in same leaf, which were used for measured stomata frequency and size previously. The total chlorophyll and leaf area in all cultivars were in the range 0.34-2.37 mg/g and 26.77-86.92 cm2. The largest chlorophyll content was measured in Pedro, while the largest leaf area was measured in Howard. Remarkable positive correlation was found among leaf characteristics and stomata frequency in walnut cultivars.
The storage and shelf life of the fig, which has a sensitive fruit structure, is short, and this results in too much economic losses. In the study carried out to contribute to the solution of this ...problem, the effect of postharvest melatonin application at different doses (0, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mM) on fruit quality characteristics and biochemical content during cold storage was determined. The weight loss and decay rates that increased with the prolongation of the cold storage period were lower in melatonin-treated fig fruit. Melatonin application delayed fruit softening. The soluble solids content (SSC) ratio in melatonin treated-fruit was lower, and melatonin was effective on titratable acidity (TA), but there were inconsistencies in the effect. It can be said that the effect of melatonin application on the decreasing phenolic compounds during cold storage is limited. The significant differences occurred between applications in terms of antioxidant capacity at the end of the cold storage. The highest values were recorded with the control application and the lowest values with the application of 0.10 mM melatonin. The decrease in the amount of individual phenolic compounds both during and at the end of cold storage was lower with melatonin applications. Melatonin application had an effect on flavonoid compounds during cold storage, but this effect varied depending on melatonin concentration and compound. Melatonin application was effective in the changes in the amount of organic acids during cold storage, and this effect varied depending on the species of organic acid and cold storage time. In the study, it was concluded that melatonin application can be used to maintain postharvest quality in fig.
In peach, which is a climacteric fruit species, the fruit deteriorates rapidly at post harvest with the increase in ethylene production and respiration rate during ripening, and significant changes ...occur in quality properties and antioxidant activity. In the study, the effect of melatonin applications at different doses (0, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mM) at postharvest on fruit quality characteristics and biochemical content during cold storage was determined. The increased weight loss and decay rate with the prolongation of the cold storage period were lower in melatonin-treated fruit and varied depending on the application concentration. Melatonin application was effective in maintaining fruit flesh firmness, but application concentration had no effect. An increase in soluble solids content (SSC) ratio and a decrease in acidity occurred during storage, and changes in SSC and titratable acidity ratios were lower with melatonin application. In general, melatonin application was effective in maintaining the concentration of organic acids, but this effect varied depending on the concentration and compound. As a result, it was concluded that 0.25 mM melatonin application can be used to maintain the postharvest fruit quality of peach.
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