Abstract
When electric conductors differ from their mirror image, unusual chiral transport coefficients appear that are forbidden in achiral metals, such as a non-linear electric response known as ...electronic magnetochiral anisotropy (eMChA)
1–6
. Although chiral transport signatures are allowed by symmetry in many conductors without a centre of inversion, they reach appreciable levels only in rare cases in which an exceptionally strong chiral coupling to the itinerant electrons is present. So far, observations of chiral transport have been limited to materials in which the atomic positions strongly break mirror symmetries. Here, we report chiral transport in the centrosymmetric layered kagome metal CsV
3
Sb
5
observed via second-harmonic generation under an in-plane magnetic field. The eMChA signal becomes significant only at temperatures below
$${T}^{{\prime} }\approx $$
T
′
≈
35 K, deep within the charge-ordered state of CsV
3
Sb
5
(
T
CDW
≈ 94 K). This temperature dependence reveals a direct correspondence between electronic chirality, unidirectional charge order
7
and spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking due to putative orbital loop currents
8–10
. We show that the chirality is set by the out-of-plane field component and that a transition from left- to right-handed transport can be induced by changing the field sign. CsV
3
Sb
5
is the first material in which strong chiral transport can be controlled and switched by small magnetic field changes, in stark contrast to structurally chiral materials, which is a prerequisite for applications in chiral electronics.
A defective three dimensionally ordered macro-mesoporous TiO
2-X
(3DOMM-TiO
2-X
) was successfully prepared through dual-template method and applied as non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor. ...The introduced oxygen vacancies and Ti
3+
defects through defect engineering, as well as the macro-mesoporous structure induced by dual template, synergistically improve the performance of glucose determination. The Nafion/3DOMM-TiO
2-X
/FTO electrode shows better current response to glucose than commercial P25 and 3DOM-TiO
2
. A two-stage wide detection linear range of 1 μM ~ 2.32 mM and 2.32 mM ~ 14.72 mM was observed, with the sensitivity of 14.11 μA mM
−1
cm
−2
and 3.44 μA mM
−1
cm
−2
, detection limits of 0.15 μM and 0.63 μM (
S
/
N
= 3), respectively. The electrode also exhibits superior reproducibility, stability, and selectivity performance. Furthermore, a reactive oxygen species oxidation mechanism was proposed and investigated. The Nafion/3DOMM-TiO
2-X
/FTO electrode also exhibits the potential as a photoelectrochemical electrode. Our results indicate the feasibility of the strategies to enhance the sensing ability by improving electronic conductivity through constructing 3DOMM porous structure and defect engineering.
A novel saturable absorber (SA) was fabricated by coating the topological insulator (TI) film on microfiber using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. The TISA device had an insertion loss of ~1.25 ...dB, a saturable intensity of 26.7 MW/cm(2), a modulation depth of ~5.7%, and a nonsaturable loss of 20.5%. Upon employing this SA device, we established a passively mode-locked EDFL and achieved nearly free-chirped soliton pulse with 286 fs of pulse duration and >73 dB of signal to noise ratio (SNR). This result clearly evidences that the PLD is an effective scheme for practical SA device fabrication.
Polymers from biomass waste including plant/forest waste, biological industrial process waste, municipal solid waste, algae, and livestock are potential sources for renewable and sustainable ...resources. Converting biomass-derived polymers to functional biochar materials via pyrolysis is a mature and promising approach as these products can be widely utilized in many areas such as carbon sequestration, power production, environmental remediation, and energy storage. With abundant sources, low cost, and special features, the biochar derived from biological polymeric substances exhibits great potential to be an alternative electrode material of high-performance supercapacitors. To extend this scope of application, synthesis of high-quality biochar will be a key issue. This work systematically reviews the char formation mechanisms and technologies from polymeric substances in biomass waste and introduces energy storage mechanisms of supercapacitors to provide overall insight into the biological polymer-based char material for electrochemical energy storage. Aiming to enhance the capacitance of biochar-derived supercapacitor, recent progress in biochar modification approaches including surface activation, doping, and recombination is also summarized. This review can provide guidance for valorizing biomass waste to functional biochar materials for supercapacitor to meet future needs.
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) garnered significant research interest in the field of sensors due to their exceptionally high-quality factors. However, the wide-band continuum in BICs are noise ...to the bound states, and it is difficult to control and filter. Therefore, we constructed a top-bottom symmetric cavity containing three high permittivity rectangular columns. The cavity supports a symmetry-protected (SP) superbound state (SBS) mode and an accidental (AC) SBS mode within the bandgap. With a period size of 5 × 15, the bandgap effectively filters out the continuum, allowing only the bound states to exist. This configuration enabled us to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio and a wide free-spectral-range. The AC SBS and the SP SBS can be converted into quasi-SBS by adjusting different parameters. Consequently, the cavity can function as a single-band sensor or a dual-band sensor. The achieved bulk sensitivity was 38 µm/RIU in terahertz wave band, and a record-high FOM reached 2.8 × 10
RIU
. The effect of fabrication error on the performance for sensor application was also discussed, showing that the application was feasible. Moreover, for experimental realization, a 3D schematic was presented. These achievements pave the way for compact, high-sensitivity biosensing, multi-wavelength sensing, and other promising applications.
The existence of ice and its interaction with structure greatly threaten the navigation of the icebreaker. Due to the damage characteristics of ice, the traditional numerical ways based on mesh ...method are challenging to solve ice-structure interaction. The nonlocal particle methods have increasingly gained popularity as an essential tool for calculating large deformation problems. In the present work, a meshfree particle-based computational model is developed to investigate the icebreaking process and dynamic icebreaking resistance. The model employs ordinary state-based Peridynamics theory to establish the constitutive relation for ice which is modelled as an isotropic homogeneous elastic material. Furthermore, a continuous contact detection algorithm is proposed, which can be applied to detect the contact process between irregular structures and particles, to study the process of ice-ship interaction. Two dimensional (2D) three-points bending of ice beam and 3D ice sphere impact are studied numerically to validate the method specifically in modelling ice failure. Then, the investigation on the continuous-mode icebreaking process is carried out. The comparison of the present numerical results with existing experimental data demonstrated the validity and accuracy of the present numerical model for analysing the icebreaking process and predicting the icebreaking resistance.
•A continuous contact detection algorithm for the material point method is proposed.•The continuous contact detection algorithm and ordinary state-based Peridynamics are employed to model ice-ship interaction.•The icebreaking process and the dynamic loads on continuous icebreaking mode have been investigated numerically.
Corydalis bungeana Turcz. (CBT) is frequently used to treat inflammatory illnesses, the mechanisms underlying its use to ulcerative colitis (UC) remain unclear. A dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ...UC mice model was established. The disease activity index (DAI), colonic length, histological inspection by hematoxylin-eosin staining, the cytokines levels in the colon, proteomics and intestinal flora in mice were investigated to evaluate the effect of CBT. The results showed that CBT can significantly reduce the DAI, increase the length of colon, improve the pathological injury of colon tissue, decrease the level of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and increase the level of IL-10 in UC mice. Gut microbe sequencing showed that CBT could enhance the abundance of the intestinal microbiome, decrease possibly harmful bacteria and promote potentially helpful microbes. Proteomics investigation showed that 20 overlapping differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were discovered in the control, model, and CBT administration groups. The DEPs in the CBT administration group were connected to biological procedures mainly involving detoxification. Extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor-associated proteins such as Col6a1 and CD36 may be important targets for CBT treatment of UC. Overall, this integrated methodology identified a comprehensive multi-omics network, composed of a certain set of gut microbiota and proteins, which may be potential targets for CBT treatment with UC.
Acetaminophen (APAP) induced liver injury is the most common drug-induced liver injury, accounting for the top cause of acute liver failure in the United State, however the therapeutic options for it ...is very limited. Excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the subsequent inflammatory responses are the major factors of the liver injury. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important gaseous molecule with versatile functions including anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, and we previous reported the therapeutic potential of a nano-designed CO donor SMA/CORM2 in a dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced mouse colitis model. In this context, we investigated the effect of SMA/CORM2 in an APAP-induced mouse acute liver injury model and tackled the mechanisms involved. We found upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, endogenous CO generating enzyme) and the dynamic changes of macrophage polarization (pro-inflammatory M1/anti-inflammatory M2), which played important roles in the process of live injury. SMA/CORM2 treatment remarkably increased the CO levels in the liver and circulation, by which oxidative stresses in the liver were significantly reduced, and more importantly, it remarkably suppressed the expression of M1 macrophages but alternatively increased M2 polarization. Consequently the liver injury was significantly ameliorated, and the proliferation and regeneration were greatly promoted through the Pi3k/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The shift of macrophage polarization accompanied with the downregulated hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) level. These findings suggested CO released from SMA/CORM2 manipulated the macrophage reprogramming toward M2 phenotype by inhibiting HIF-1α, which subsequently protected liver against inflammatory injury and benefited tissue repair. Moreover, compared to native CORM2, SMA/CORM2 exhibited superior bioavailability and protective effect. We thus anticipate the application of SMA/CORM2 as a therapeutic regimen for APAP induced liver injury as well as other inflammatory diseases and disorders.
Display omitted
•SMA/CORM2 shows superior bioavailability and inflammation-selective distribution.•SMA/CORM2 triggers macrophage reprogramming toward M2 phenotype upon CO production.•CO induced M2 polarization confers to protection against APAP induced liver injury.•Shift of macrophage polarization is the consequence of HIF-1α suppression by CO.
To analyze the influence of duct geometrical parameters on hydrodynamic performance of pump jet propulsor, this paper presents a surface panel method for predicting performance of pump jet propulsor. ...And, moreover, a meshing method for blade, based on circular conical surface, is proposed. According to the actual situation of the internal flow of the pump jet propulsor, a tip leakage vortex model for the blades with flat top is also proposed. The hydrodynamic performance of pump jet propulsor under different conditions was calculated and compared with CFD results for the verification of the presented method. Then the influence of duct parameters on pump jet performance was analyzed from several aspects including performance index, surface pressure distribution, and flow velocity. The results show that variations of gap size, camber or attack angle of duct result in different hydrodynamic performance. Suitable selection of duct geometry can significantly increase the thrust efficiency of the pump jet propulsor, expand the range of effective work, and improve the loading characteristics of the blade.
There is a strong gap flow exists between the pump rotor tip and the inside of the duct of the pump jet propulsor. To predict the hydrodynamic performance of a pump jet propulsor more accurately, ...considering the influence of fluid viscosity in the gap area, a gap flow model suitable for a pump jet propulsor is proposed. Through an analysis of the hydrodynamic performance of the pump jet propulsor, it is determined that it is optimal for the gap height to be 0.98–1.0 times of the complete gap height, Additionally, it is verified that the flux coefficient (CQ) range of 0.8–0.84, which can accurately simulate the energy loss of the fluid at the gap flow, is reasonable. Moreover, through a comparative analysis of the hydrodynamic performance, pressure, and circulation distribution of the pump jet propulsor, it is found that, when the influence of the gap flow model is considered, the wall pressure and circulation distribution of the rotor blade and duct are more consistent with the calculation results of viscous flow. In addition, the introduction of the gap flow model only improves the prediction accuracy of the hydrodynamic performance of the pump jet propulsor.
•The gap flow model can improve the prediction accuracy of the hydrodynamic performance of pump jet propulsion, especially the greatest impact on the improvement of duct performance.•This article showed that when the gap flow model height was within the range of 0.98–1.0 times the full height, the calculation result converged.•The calculation result of the selection of the flux coefficient indicated that the flux coefficient selection range of 0.8–0.84 was reasonable and could truly reflect the energy attenuation at the gap flow of the pump jet propulsion.•The gap flow model truly reflects the circulation and pressure distribution of the rotor blade as well as the pressure differential force distribution between the blade surface and back of the blade.
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