Stubborn biofilm infections pose serious threats to human health due to the persistence, recurrence, and dramatically magnified antibiotic resistance. Photodynamic therapy has emerged as a promising ...approach to combat biofilm. Nevertheless, how to inhibit the bacterial signal transduction system and the efflux pump to conquer biofilm recurrence and resistance remains a challenging and unaddressed issue. Herein, a boric acid‐functionalized lipophilic cationic type I photosensitizer, ACR‐DMP, is developed, which efficiently generates •OH to overcome the hypoxic microenvironment and photodynamically eradicates methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and biofilms. Furthermore, it not only alters membrane potential homeostasis and osmotic pressure balance due to its strong binding ability with plasma membrane but also inhibits quorum sensing and the two‐component system, reduces virulence factors, and regulates the activity of the drug efflux pump attributed to the glycan‐targeting ability, helping to prevent biofilm recurrence and conquer biofilm resistance. In vivo, ACR‐DMP successfully obliterates MRSA biofilms attached to implanted medical catheters, alleviates inflammation, and promotes vascularization, thereby combating infections and accelerating wound healing. This work not only provides an efficient strategy to combat stubborn biofilm infections and bacterial multidrug resistance but also offers systematic guidance for the rational design of next‐generation advanced antimicrobial materials.
A glycan‐targeting type I photosensitizer is developed to fight against stubborn biofilms. ACR‐DMP has high extracellular polymer penetrability and overcomes the hypoxic microenvironment, which therefore efficiently eradicates biofilm in vitro and in vivo. It not only changes the membrane potential homeostasis and the osmotic pressure balance, but also inhibits quorum sensing, two‐component system, and efflux pump to conquer biofilm resistance.
SUMMARY
Low phosphate (LP) in soil is a common nutrient stress that severely restricts agricultural production, but the role, if any, of the major stress phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) in plant ...phosphate (Pi) starvation responses remains elusive. Here, we report that LP‐induced ABA accumulation promotes Pi uptake in an ABA INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5)‐dependent manner in Arabidopsis thaliana. LP significantly activated plant ABA biosynthesis, metabolism, and stress responses, suggesting a role of ABA in the plant response to Pi availability. LP‐induced ABA accumulation and expression of two major high‐affinity phosphate transporter genes PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1;1/1;4 (PHT1;1/1;4) were severely impaired in a mutant lacking BETA‐GLUCOSIDASE1 (BG1), which converts conjugated ABA to active ABA, and the mutant had shorter roots and less Pi content than wild‐type plants under LP conditions. Moreover, a mutant of ABI5, which encodes a central transcription factor in ABA signaling, also exhibited suppressed root elongation and had reduced Pi content under LP conditions. ABI5 facilitated Pi acquisition by activating the expression of PHT1;1 by directly binding to its promoter, while overexpression of PHT1;1 completely rescued its Pi content under LP conditions. Together, our findings illustrate a molecular mechanism by which ABA positively modulates phosphate acquisition through ABI5 in the Arabidopsis response to phosphate deficiency.
Significance Statement
Low phosphate (LP) is a common nutrient stress that severely suppresses plant growth and development, while whether and how the major stress phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) functions in plant phosphate (Pi) starvation responses remains elusive. Our study showed that LP‐induced ABA promotes Pi uptake by activating PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1;1 expression in an ABA INSENSITIVE5‐dependent manner in Arabidopsis thaliana under LP.
Orchidaceae is one of the largest families of angiosperms. Considering the large number of species in this family and its symbiotic relationship with fungi, Orchidaceae provide an ideal model to ...study the evolution of plant mitogenomes. However, to date, there is only one draft mitochondrial genome of this family available. Here, we present a fully assembled and annotated sequence of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of
, a species with high economic and ornamental value. The mitogenome of
was 447,368 bp in length and comprised 26 circular subgenomes ranging in size from 5973 bp to 32,281 bp. The genome encoded for 39 mitochondrial-origin, protein-coding genes; 16 tRNAs (three of plastome origin); three rRNAs; and 16 ORFs, while
and
were lost from the mitogenome. Moreover, interorganellar DNA transfer was identified in 14 of the 26 chromosomes. These plastid-derived DNA fragments represented 28.32% (46,273 bp) of the
plastome, including 12 intact plastome origin genes. Remarkably, the mitogenome of
and
shared 18% (about 81 kb) of their mitochondrial DNA sequences. Additionally, we found a positive correlation between repeat length and recombination frequency. The mitogenome of
had more compact and fragmented chromosomes compared to other species with multichromosomal structures. We suggest that repeat-mediated homologous recombination enables the dynamic structure of mitochondrial genomes in Orchidaceae.
Osmotic stress severely inhibits plant growth and development, causing huge loss of crop quality and quantity worldwide. Melatonin is an important signaling molecule that generally confers plant ...increased tolerance to various environmental stresses, however, whether and how melatonin participates in plant osmotic stress response remain elusive. Here, we report that melatonin enhances plant osmotic stress tolerance through increasing ROS-scavenging ability, and melatonin receptor CAND2 plays a key role in melatonin-mediated plant response to osmotic stress. Upon osmotic stress treatment, the expression of melatonin biosynthetic genes including
,
, and
and the accumulation of melatonin are increased in the wild-type plants. The
mutant is defective in osmotic stress-induced melatonin accumulation and thus sensitive to osmotic stress, while exogenous melatonin enhances the tolerance of the wild-type plant and rescues the sensitivity of the
mutant to osmotic stress by upregulating the expression and activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase to repress H
O
accumulation. Further study showed that the melatonin receptor mutant
exhibits reduced osmotic stress tolerance with increased ROS accumulation, but exogenous melatonin cannot revert its osmotic stress phenotype. Together, our study reveals that CADN2 functions necessarily in melatonin-conferred osmotic stress tolerance by activating ROS-scavenging ability in Arabidopsis.
Sepsis, a life‐threatening condition stemming from an uncontrolled host immune response to bacterial infections, continues to impose a significant global burden with high morbidity and mortality. ...Addressing the challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance and uncontrollable inflammation remains a challenge in sepsis treatment. Moreover, traditional antibacterial materials have low bacterial trapping efficiency and inevitable prolonged circulation within the bloodstream, resulting in suboptimal antibacterial effects, metabolic complications, and undesirable side effects. In this study, an innovative solution is introduced through the development of Fe3O4@SH@TBTCP‐PMB, an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) photosensitizer (PS)‐armored magnetic nanoparticles (NPs). It has high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency and an exceptional ability to capture Gram‐positive bacteria with over 80% enrichment efficiency within just 1 h, even at low bacterial concentrations. Under white light illumination, 100 µg mL−1 of Fe3O4@SH@TBTCP‐PMB effectively eliminated more than 99.9% of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Furthermore, its magnetic separation properties efficiently prevent systemic blood circulation and associated side effects. Most importantly, Fe3O4@SH@TBTCP‐PMB demonstrates superior anti‐inflammatory effects by regulating cytokines, reducing adhesion molecule expression, and managing oxidative stress levels. This multifunctional approach significantly enhances sepsis survival rates, offering a promising strategy for combating multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacterial infections in sepsis patients while addressing inflammation‐related complications.
An aggregation‐induced emission photosensitizer‐armored magnetic nanoparticle, Fe3O4@SH@TBTCP‐PMB, that combines high ROS generation efficiency and magnetic trapping and separation character to circumvent the potential toxic side effects associated with prolonged blood circulation and metabolic challenges. It efficiently traps Gram‐positive bacteria, eliminates multidrug‐resistant bacteria, attenuates the inflammatory response, and restores the innate immune defense system to conquer sepsis in mouse model.
Humidity is one of the most important indicators affecting human health. Here, a pair of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) of positional isomers (p‐COF and o‐COF) for indoor humidity regulation is ...reported. Although p‐COF and o‐COF have the same sql topology and pore size, they exhibit different water adsorption behaviors due to the subtle differences in water adsorption sites. Particularly, o‐COF exhibits a steep adsorption isotherm in the range of 45–65% RH with a hysteresis loop, which is perfectly suitable for indoor humidity regulation. In the laboratory experiment, when the humidity of the external environment is 20–75% RH, o‐COF can control the humidity of the room in the range of 45–60% RH. o‐COF has shown great potential as a dual humidification/dehumidification adsorbent for indoor humidity regulation.
Covalent organic frameworks (o‐COF) for indoor humidity regulation was constructed by adjusting the difference of water adsorption sites in positional isomers. o‐COF exhibits a steep adsorption isotherm in the range of 45–65% RH with a suitable hysteresis range. Both laboratory experiment and real environment experiment confirm that o‐COF is a new generation of indoor humidity regulation material.
In this article, a wideband antenna is implemented by using a multilayer self‐packaged suspended coplanar waveguide (SCPW). The lower air cavity of the SCPW is not only used for antenna ...suspending but also as an antenna reflector, while the reflector structure can be expanded by copper coating on the periphery of the multidielectric substrates, which improves the antenna radiation and antenna gain effectively, while the antenna profile is not increased. An extra patch is introduced for generating more resonances, which extends the antenna bandwidth importantly. The proposed antenna is designed to work at 5.42 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 26.2% (4.71–6.13 GHz), and a maximum gain of 8.4 dBi. The SCPW antenna has been fabricated and measured, and the design has been demonstrated with the advantages of self‐packaging, wideband, favorable gain, and even low profile as well as miniature circuit size.
A generic model for the prediction of critical gas velocity and pressure gradient in slightly inclined pipes (β ≤ 6°) is presented in this article. The gas–liquid configuration was determined based ...on the minimum energy principle and consideration of wettability and surface tension. A visualization experiment was conducted to obtain the critical gas velocity and the critical pressure gradient of a gas–liquid flow through the 40 and 60‐mm pipe diameter. The theoretical study shows that the configuration is close to a convex interface shape at the critical conditions, which is in accord with the experimental phenomenon. Experimental study shows interfacial waves are the main cause of increased interfacial friction factor and a linear functional relationship between the inclination angle and the flow correction factor f(β). The results demonstrate that the new model is capable of providing satisfactory prediction results for the critical gas velocity, pressure drop, and liquid holdup.
Background To determine the efficacy of adjuvant radiotherapy for stage II-III biliary tract carcinoma. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 37 patients who underwent radical resection of ...biliary tract carcinomas at the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University between 2016 and 2020. We analyzed survival differences between patients who did (n = 17) and did not (n = 20) receive postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy by using Kaplan-Meier analysis. The log-rank test and Cox univariate analysis were used. The Cox proportional risk regression model was used for the multifactorial analysis of factors influencing prognosis. Results The median survival time (28.9 vs. 14.5 months) and the 1-year (82.40% vs. 55.0%) and 2-year survival rates (58.8% vs. 25.0%) were significantly higher among patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy than among those who did not (chl.sup.2 = 6.381, p = 0.012). Multifactorial analysis showed that pathological tumor type (p = 0.004), disease stage (p = 0.021), and adjuvant radiotherapy (p = 0.001) were independent prognostic factors in biliary tract carcinoma. Subgroup analyses showed that compared to no radiotherapy, adjuvant radiotherapy significantly improved median survival time in patients with stage III disease (21.6 vs. 12.7 months; p = 0.017), positive margins (28.9 vs. 10.5 months; p = 0.012), and T3 or T4 tumors (26.8 vs. 16.8 months; p = 0.037). Conclusion Adjuvant radiotherapy significantly improved the survival of patients with biliary tract carcinoma, and is recommended especially for patients with stage III disease, positive surgical margins, or greater than or equal to T3. Keywords: Biliary tract carcinoma, Treatment modality, Surgery, Adjuvant radiotherapy
From first-principles calculations, the transition-metal (TM) atom (Fe, Co and Ni) adsorbed Janus MoSSe monolayer, toxic gas molecules (CO, NH
3
and H
2
S) adsorbed on the Ni-MoSSe monolayer and CO ...catalytic oxidation on the Fe-MoSSe monolayer are systematically investigated. An increasing order (Fe-MoSSe < Co-MoSSe < Ni-MoSSe) is found for the stability and band gap of the TM atom adsorbed Janus MoSSe monolayer. These toxic gas molecules are found to be weakly physisorbed and strongly chemisorbed on the pristine and Ni-MoSSe monolayers, respectively. The electronic structure and gas molecular adsorption properties of the Janus MoSSe monolayer can be modulated by adsorbing different TM atoms and gas molecules. Particularly, the CO catalytic oxidation can be realized on the Fe-MoSSe monolayer in light of the more preferable Eley-Rideal (ER) mechanism with the two-step route (CO + O
2
→ OOCO → CO
2
+ O
ads
, CO + O
ads
→ CO
2
) with highly exothermic processes in each step. The adsorption of TM atoms which may greatly enhance gas sensing performance and catalytic performance of CO oxidation based on the Janus MoSSe monolayer is further discussed.
From first-principles calculations, the transition-metal (TM) atom (Fe, Co and Ni) adsorbed Janus MoSSe monolayer, toxic gas molecules (CO, NH
3
and H
2
S) adsorbed on Ni-MoSSe monolayers and CO catalytic oxidation on Fe-MoSSe monolayers are systematically investigated.
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