As core units of organ tissues, cells of various types play their harmonious rhythms to maintain the homeostasis of the human body. It is essential to identify the characteristics of cells in human ...organs and their regulatory networks for understanding the biological mechanisms related to health and disease. However, a systematic and comprehensive single-cell transcriptional profile across multiple organs of a normal human adult is missing.
We perform single-cell transcriptomes of 84,363 cells derived from 15 tissue organs of one adult donor and generate an adult human cell atlas. The adult human cell atlas depicts 252 subtypes of cells, including major cell types such as T, B, myeloid, epithelial, and stromal cells, as well as novel COCH
fibroblasts and FibSmo cells, each of which is distinguished by multiple marker genes and transcriptional profiles. These collectively contribute to the heterogeneity of major human organs. Moreover, T cell and B cell receptor repertoire comparisons and trajectory analyses reveal direct clonal sharing of T and B cells with various developmental states among different tissues. Furthermore, novel cell markers, transcription factors, and ligand-receptor pairs are identified with potential functional regulations in maintaining the homeostasis of human cells among tissues.
The adult human cell atlas reveals the inter- and intra-organ heterogeneity of cell characteristics and provides a useful resource in uncovering key events during the development of human diseases in the context of the heterogeneity of cells and organs.
Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is impaired in people with chronic pain such as knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The purpose of this randomized, controlled clinical trial was to investigate whether ...strong electroacupuncture (EA) was more effective on chronic pain by strengthening the CPM function than weak EA or sham EA in patients with KOA.
In this multicenter, three-arm parallel, single-blind randomized controlled trial, 301 patients with KOA were randomly assigned. Patients were randomized into three groups based on EA current intensity: strong EA (> 2 mA), weak EA (< 0.5 mA), and sham EA (non-acupoint). Treatments consisted of five sessions per week, for 2 weeks. Primary outcome measures were visual analog scale (VAS), CPM function, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC).
Three hundred one patients with KOA were randomly assigned, among which 271 (90.0%) completed the study (mean age 63.93 years old). One week of EA had a clinically important improvement in VAS and WOMAC but not in CPM function. After 2 weeks treatment, EA improved VAS, CPM, and WOMAC compared with baseline. Compared with sham EA, weak EA (3.8; 95% CI 3.45, 4.15; P < .01) and strong EA (13.54; 95% CI 13.23, 13.85; P < .01) were better in improving CPM function. Compared with weak EA, strong EA was better in enhancing CPM function (9.73; 95% CI 9.44, 10.02; P < .01), as well as in reducing VAS and total WOMAC score.
EA should be administered for at least 2 weeks to exert a clinically important effect on improving CPM function of KOA patients. Strong EA is better than weak or sham EA in alleviating pain intensity and inhibiting chronic pain.
This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( ChiCTR-ICR-14005411 ), registered on 31 October 2014.
The first coordination disk-type nano-Saturn complexes, Cu
10
(Mim)
10
⊃C
60
and Cu
10
(Mim)
10
⊃C
70
(Mim = 2-methylimidazolate), were assembled under one-pot solvothermal conditions. The highest ...number of 30 C-H π interactions between the Cu
10
(Mim)
10
disk and the C
60
/C
70
surfaces drives the formation of the nano-Saturns. The calculated interaction energy is much larger than that of most of the reported disk-type nano-Saturns. Different photoinduced charge/energy transfer mechanisms are present for both nano-Saturn systems to quench the intrinsic luminescence of the Cu
10
(Mim)
10
disk.
Two coordination disk-type nano-Saturn complexes were assembled. The highest number of 30 C-H π interactions induces the formation of the nano-Saturns. Different photoinduced charge/energy transfer mechanisms quench the luminescence of the disk.
Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has emerged and rapidly spread throughout the world, resulting in a global public health emergency. The lack of vaccine and antivirals has brought ...an urgent need for an animal model. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) has been identified as a functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we generated a mouse model expressing human ACE2 (hACE2) by using CRISPR/Cas9 knockin technology. In comparison with wild-type C57BL/6 mice, both young and aged hACE2 mice sustained high viral loads in lung, trachea, and brain upon intranasal infection. Although fatalities were not observed, interstitial pneumonia and elevated cytokines were seen in SARS-CoV-2 infected-aged hACE2 mice. Interestingly, intragastric inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 was seen to cause productive infection and lead to pulmonary pathological changes in hACE2 mice. Overall, this animal model described here provides a useful tool for studying SARS-CoV-2 transmission and pathogenesis and evaluating COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics.
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•Human ACE2 knockin mice were generated by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology•SARS-CoV-2 leads to robust replication in lung, trachea, and brain•SARS-CoV-2 causes interstitial pneumonia and elevated cytokine in aged hACE2 mice•High dose of SARS-CoV-2 can establish infection via intragastric route in hACE2 mice
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought an urgent need for small animal models. Here, Sun et al. established an ACE2 humanized mouse by CRISPR/Cas9 knockin technology. These hACE2 mice are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection upon intranasal inoculation, and the resulting pulmonary infection and pathological changes resemble those observed in COVID-19 patients.
Herein, we propose an oxygen‐containing species coordination strategy to boost CO2 electroreduction in the presence of O2. A two‐dimensional (2D) conjugated metal‐covalent organic framework (MCOF), ...denoted as NiPc‐Salen(Co)2‐COF that is composed of the Ni‐phthalocyanine (NiPc) unit with well‐defined Ni−N4−O sites and the salen(Co)2 moiety with binuclear Co−N2O2 sites, is developed and synthesized for enhancing the CO2RR under aerobic condition. In the presence of O2, one of the Co sites in the NiPc‐Salen(Co)2‐COF that coordinated with the intermediate of *OOH from ORR could decrease the energy barrier of the activation of CO2 molecules and stabilize the key intermediate *COOH of the CO2RR over the adjacent Co center. Besides, the oxygen species axially coordinated Ni−N4−O sites can favor in reducing the energy barrier of the intermediate *COOH formation for the CO2RR. Thus, NiPc‐Salen(Co)2‐COF exhibits high oxygen‐tolerant CO2RR performance and achieves outstanding CO Faradaic efficiency (FECO) of 97.2 % at −1.0 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a high CO partial current density of 40.3 mA cm−2 at −1.1 V in the presence of 0.5 % O2, which is superior to that in pure CO2 feed gas (FECO=94.8 %, jCO=19.9 mA cm−2). Notably, the NiPc‐Salen(Co)2‐COF achieves an industrial‐level current density of 128.3 mA cm−2 in the flow‐cell reactor with 0.5 % O2 at −0.8 V, which is higher than that in pure CO2 atmosphere (jCO=104.8 mA cm−2). It is worth noting that an excellent FECO of 86.8 % is still achieved in the presence of 5 % O2 at −1.0 V. This work provides an effective strategy to enable the CO2RR under O2 atmosphere by utilizing the *OOH intermediates of ORR to boost CO2 electroreduction.
An oxygen‐containing‐species coordination strategy to boost CO2 electroreduction in the presence of O2 was proposed. In the presence of O2, one of the Co sites in the NiPc‐Salen(Co)2‐COF that coordinated with the intermediate of *OOH from the oxygen reduction reaction could decrease the energy barrier for the activation of CO2 molecules and stabilize the key intermediate *COOH of the CO2RR over the adjacent Co center and thus boost the CO2RR performance.
Controlling the chemo‐ and regioselectivity of transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−C activation remains a great challenge. The transformations of benzocyclobutenones (BCBs) usually involve the cleavage of ...C1−C2 bond. In this work, an unprecedented highly selective cleavage of C1−C8 bond with the insertion of alkynes is achieved by using blocking strategy via Ni catalysis, providing an efficient method for synthesis of 1,8‐disubstituted naphthalenes. Notably, the blocking group could be readily removed after the transformation.
A Ni‐catalyzed highly selective C1−C8 bond cleavage of BCBs with the insertion of alkynes was achieved by the assistance of a removable blocking group. This method provided an atom‐ and step‐economical approach to structurally important 1,8‐naphthalenediols under pH‐neutral conditions.
The severe anticancer situation as well as the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells has created an urgent need for the development of novel anticancer drugs with different mechanisms ...of action. A large number of natural alkaloids, such as paclitaxel, vinblastine and camptothecin have already been successfully developed into chemotherapy agents. Following the success of these natural products, in this review, twenty-six types of isoquinoline alkaloids (a total of 379 alkaloids), including benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline, aporphine, oxoaporphine, isooxoaporphine, dimeric aporphine, bisbenzylisoquinoline, tetrahydroprotoberberine, protoberberine, protopine, dihydrobenzophenanthridine, benzophenanthridine, benzophenanthridine dimer, ipecac, simple isoquinoline, pavine, montanine, erythrina, chelidonine, tropoloisoquinoline, azafluoranthene, phthalideisoquinoline, naphthylisoquinoline, lycorine, crinane, narciclasine, and phenanthridone, were summarized based on their cytotoxic and MDR reversing activities against various cancer cells. Additionally, the structure-activity relationships of different types of isoquinoline alkaloid were also discussed. Interestingly, some aporphine, oxoaporphine, isooxoaporphine, bisbenzylisoquinoline, and protoberberine alkaloids display more potent anticancer activities or anti-MDR effects than positive control against the tested cancer cells and are regarded as attractive targets for discovery new anticancer drugs or lead compounds.
Detail-Enhanced Exposure Fusion Zheng Guo Li; Jing Hong Zheng; Rahardja, S.
IEEE transactions on image processing,
11/2012, Letnik:
21, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In a typical processing chain of image enhancement, an exposure fusion scheme can be used to synthesize a more detailed low dynamic range (LDR) image directly from a set of differently exposed LDR ...images, without generation of an intermediate high dynamic range image. In this brief, we introduce a new quadratic optimization-based method to extract fine details from a vector field. The new method extracts fine details from a set of differently exposed LDR images simultaneously. The extracted fine details are then added to an intermediate LDR image which is fused by simply using an existing exposure fusion scheme. With this, the proposed scheme can enhance fine details to produce sharper images.
For the intelligence of metamaterials, the -sensing mechanism and programmable reaction units are two important components for self-recognition and -determination. However, their realization still ...face great challenges. Here, we propose a smart sensing metasurface to achieve self-defined functions in the framework of digital coding metamaterials. A sensing unit that can simultaneously process the sensing channel and realize phase-programmable capability is designed by integrating radio frequency (RF) power detector and PIN diodes. Four sensing units distributed on the metasurface aperture can detect the microwave incidences in the
- and
-polarizations, while the other elements can modulate the reflected phase patterns under the control of a field programmable gate array (FPGA). To validate the performance, three schemes containing six coding patterns are presented and simulated, after which two of them are measured, showing good agreements with designs. We envision that this work may motivate studies on smart metamaterials with high-level recognition and manipulation.
Abstract
Intelligence at either the material or metamaterial level is a goal that researchers have been pursuing. From passive to active, metasurfaces have been developed to be programmable to ...dynamically and arbitrarily manipulate electromagnetic (EM) wavefields. However, the programmable metasurfaces require manual control to switch among different functionalities. Here, we put forth a smart metasurface that has self-adaptively reprogrammable functionalities without human participation. The smart metasurface is capable of sensing ambient environments by integrating an additional sensor(s) and can adaptively adjust its EM operational functionality through an unmanned sensing feedback system. As an illustrative example, we experimentally develop a motion-sensitive smart metasurface integrated with a three-axis gyroscope, which can adjust self-adaptively the EM radiation beams via different rotations of the metasurface. We develop an online feedback algorithm as the control software to make the smart metasurface achieve single-beam and multibeam steering and other dynamic reactions adaptively. The proposed metasurface is extendable to other physical sensors to detect the humidity, temperature, illuminating light, and so on. Our strategy will open up a new avenue for future unmanned devices that are consistent with the ambient environment.
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