Hypertension has emerged as important public health problem in India. During the later half of the last century, epidemiological studies in India reported that hypertension (diagnosed by systolic ...blood pressure (BP) ⩾160 and/or diastolic BP ⩾95 mm Hg) increased from about 1% in 1950's to 15% in 1990's in urban (R(2)=0.47) and from 0.5 to 7% in rural (R(2)=0.21) populations. Hypertension epidemiological studies from India in the last twenty years have shown that prevalence of hypertension (diagnosed by systolic BP ⩾140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ⩾90 mm Hg) in urban locations has stabilized to about 25-30% (R(2)=0.08) but it has increased in rural populations from 15 to 25% (R(2)=0.04). This urban-rural convergence of hypertension in India is due to rapid urbanization of rural populations with consequent changes in lifestyles (sedentariness, high dietary salt, sugar and fat intake) and increase in overweight and obesity. Hypertension prevention, screening and control, policies and programs, need to be widely implemented in India, especially in rural populations.
► The MS provides an insight into least explored area of the effects of brassinosteroids (BRs) on the endogenous titers of auxins, abscisic acid (ABA) and polyamines (PAs) in radish under Cr (VI) ...stress. ► The MS will increase our understanding about the implication of BRs in mitigating Cr (VI) induced oxidative stress through modulating the levels of PAs, ABA and auxins. ► The MS shows the significant influence of BRs on the antioxidant system of radish and its involvement in Cr (VI) stress alleviation. ► The MS provides significant insight in to the influence of BRs on the levels of phytochelatins and radical scavenging activities of radish, which in turn reflects the nutritional aspects of radish.
The present investigation determined the effects of epibrassinolide (EBL) on the levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and polyamine (PA) and antioxidant potential of 7-d old
Raphanus sativus L. cv. ‘Pusa chetki’ seedlings grown under Cr (VI) metal stress. Reduced titers of free (0.767
μg
g
−1 FW) and bound (0.545
μg
g
−1 FW) IAA in Cr (VI) stressed seedlings were observed over untreated control. Supplementations of EBL to Cr (VI) stressed seedlings were able to enhance both free (2.14–5.68
μg
g
−1 FW) and bound IAA (2.45–7.78
μg
g
−1 FW) concentrations in comparison to Cr (VI) metal treatment alone. Significant rise in free (13.49
μg
g
−1 FW) and bound (12.17
μg
g
−1 FW) ABA contents were noticed for Cr (VI) stressed seedlings when compared to untreated control. No significant increase in ABA contents were recorded for Cr (VI) stressed seedlings upon supplementation with EBL over Cr (VI) treatment alone. A significant increase in Put (18.40
μg
g
−1 FW) and Cad (9.08
μg
g
−1 FW) contents were found for 10
−9
M EBL plus Cr (VI) metal treatments when compared to Cr (VI) treatment alone. Spermidine (Spd) contents were found to decline significantly for EBL treatment alone or when supplemented with Cr (VI) treatments over untreated controls and Cr (VI) treatment alone. Antioxidant levels were found to enhance, with glutathione (57.98
mg
g
−1 FW), proline (4.97
mg
g
−1 FW), glycinebetaine (39.01
μmol
mL
−1), ascorbic acid (3.17
mg
g
−1 FW) and phytochelatins (65.69
μmol
g
−1 FW) contents noted for EBL supplemented to Cr (VI) metal solution over Cr (VI) treatment alone. Reduced activities of guaiacol peroxidase (0.391 U
mg
−1 protein) and catalase (0.221
U
mg
−1 protein) and enhanced activities of glutathione reductase (7.14
U
mg
−1 protein), superoxide dismutase (15.20
U
mg
−1 protein) and ascorbate peroxidase (4.31
U
mg
−1 protein) were observed in seedlings treated with EBL plus Cr (VI) over Cr metal treatment alone. Reduced MDA (2.55
μmol
g
−1 FW) and H
2O
2 (33.24
μmol
g
−1 FW) contents were recorded for 10
−9
M EBL supplemented to Cr (VI) stress over Cr (VI) treatment alone. Enhancement in free radical scavenging potential as indicated by higher values of 1,1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, deoxyribose and reducing power activity assays, and increased levels of phenols and soluble sugars also showed significant influence of EBL in alleviating Cr (VI) stress in radish seedlings.
The soil environment is responsible for sustaining most terrestrial plant life, yet we know surprisingly little about the important functions carried out by diverse microbial communities in soil. ...Soil microbes that inhabit the channels of decaying root systems, the detritusphere, are likely to be essential for plant growth and health, as these channels are the preferred locations of new root growth. Understanding the microbial metagenome of the detritusphere, and how it responds to agricultural management such as crop rotations and soil tillage, is vital for improving global food production.
This study establishes an in-depth soil microbial gene catalogue based on the living-decaying rhizosphere niches in a cropping soil. The detritusphere microbiome regulates the composition and function of the rhizosphere microbiome to a greater extent than plant type: rhizosphere microbiomes of wheat and chickpea were homogenous (65-87% similarity) in the presence of decaying root (DR) systems but were heterogeneous (3-24% similarity) where DR was disrupted by tillage. When the microbiomes of the rhizosphere and the detritusphere interact in the presence of DR, there is significant degradation of plant root exudates by the rhizosphere microbiome, and genes associated with membrane transporters, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism are enriched.
The study describes the diversity and functional capacity of a high-quality soil microbial metagenome. The results demonstrate the contribution of the detritusphere microbiome in determining the metagenome of developing root systems. Modifications in root microbial function through soil management can ultimately govern plant health, productivity and food security.
The frequency of off-type plants observed among 111111; 136363 and 120000 plants in breeder seed plots of cvs Sonalika, IWP 722 and PBW 154 varied from 0.010 to 0.018%. Cytological analysis of 12 ...off-type progenies of each cultivar revealed that 50.0, 58.3 and 83.3% of progenies, respectively for cvs Sonalika, IWP 72 and PBW 154 were aneuploids. Thus aneuploidy contributed to 0.009, 0.006 and 0.008% of off-type plants.
The aim of this study was to determine the fractal dimension (FD) and radiomorphometric indices (RMIs) in the mandible from orthopantomographic radiographs in patients with oral lesions associated ...with smokeless/smoking tobacco (SLT/ST) and areca nut habits in a North Indian cohort.
A prospective, cross-sectional, observational pilot study was conducted of 120 subjects, including controls and 3 study groups of 30 patients each with oral submucous fibrosis, tobacco pouch keratosis, and oral leukoplakia (OL). Two observers calculated FD and the RMIs of mandibular cortical thickness (MCT), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), and mandibular cortical index (MCI).
Mean FD was significantly reduced compared to controls with all oral lesions (P < .05) and with all habits in 3 of 4 regions of interest (P < .05). MCT was significantly reduced with OL (P < .005) and in ST users (P < .05). PMI did not differ regarding lesion status or habits. Compared to the controls, MCI C2 type was significantly more common in all oral lesions (P ≤ .005) and all types of habit (P < .005). Inter- and intraobserver agreement was strong to excellent.
FD and RMI values were significantly altered compared to controls in oral lesions associated with tobacco and areca nut habits and in the dominant type of habit.
In this paper, an analytical model for a p-n-p-n tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) working as a biosensor for label-free biomolecule detection purposes is developed and verified with device ...simulation results. The model provides a generalized solution for the device electrostatics and electrical characteristics of the p-n-p-n-TFET-based sensor and also incorporates the two important properties possessed by a biomolecule, i.e., its dielectric constant and charge. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the TFET-based biosensor has been compared with that of a conventional FET-based counterpart in terms of threshold voltage ( V th ) shift, variation in the on-current ( I on ) level, and I on / I off ratio. It has been shown that the TFET-based sensor shows a large deviation in the current level, and thus, change in I on can also be considered as a suitable sensing parameter. Moreover, the impacts of device parameters (channel thickness and cavity length), process variability, and process-induced damage on the sensitivity of the biosensor have also been discussed.
We study phase structures of quantum field theories in fuzzy geometries. Several examples of fuzzy geometries as well as QFT's on such geometries are considered. They are fuzzy spheres and beyond as ...well as noncommutative deformations of BTZ blackholes. Analysis is done analytically and through simulations. Several features like novel stripe phases as well as spontaneous symmetry breaking avoiding Colemen, Mermin, Wagner theorem are brought out. Also we establish that these phases are stable due to topological obstructions.
PDF
