Half-sandwich arene ruthenium complexes exhibit versatile chemistry, serve as excellent precursors and find potential applications in many organic transformations. This review mainly focuses on the ...chemistry of piano-stool ruthenium complexes with special emphasis on the achiral or chiral-at-ruthenium center. Also, it deals with the synthesis, nomenclature and stereochemistry of arene ruthenium complexes along with mechanistic insights into the epimerization reactions and their applications in catalytic organic transformations with some selected examples.
The syntheses, nomenclature and stereochemistry of half-sandwich arene ruthenium complexes with mechanistic insights into epimerization and catalytic applications have been presented.
Heat stress (HS) is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the production and quality of wheat. Rising temperatures are particularly threatening to wheat production. A detailed overview of ...morpho-physio-biochemical responses of wheat to HS is critical to identify various tolerance mechanisms and their use in identifying strategies to safeguard wheat production under changing climates. The development of thermotolerant wheat cultivars using conventional or molecular breeding and transgenic approaches is promising. Over the last decade, different omics approaches have revolutionized the way plant breeders and biotechnologists investigate underlying stress tolerance mechanisms and cellular homeostasis. Therefore, developing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics data sets and a deeper understanding of HS tolerance mechanisms of different wheat cultivars are needed. The most reliable method to improve plant resilience to HS must include agronomic management strategies, such as the adoption of climate-smart cultivation practices and use of osmoprotectants and cultured soil microbes. However, looking at the complex nature of HS, the adoption of a holistic approach integrating outcomes of breeding, physiological, agronomical, and biotechnological options is required. Our review aims to provide insights concerning morpho-physiological and molecular impacts, tolerance mechanisms, and adaptation strategies of HS in wheat. This review will help scientific communities in the identification, development, and promotion of thermotolerant wheat cultivars and management strategies to minimize negative impacts of HS.
Instantaneous synthesis of metal nanoparticles using tannic acid via green approach. This paper cites the different catalytic effect of metal nanoparticles for the degradation of methyl orange.
...Display omitted
▶ Metal nanoparticles (Ag, Au and Pt) of average diameter 10
nm have been synthesized via green approach. ▶ Degradation of methyl orange (MO) in presence of strong reducing agent such as NaBH
4 is extremely slow. ▶ Synthesized nanoparticles were used as a catalyst for the degradation of MO in presence of NaBH
4 and their rate constant (
k) is compared. ▶ Rate of degradation of MO follows the order:
k
Ag nanoparticles
≫
k
Au nanoparticles
>
kPt nanoparticles
≫
k
uncatalyzed reaction.
Gold, silver and platinum nanoparticles have been synthesized following a green approach by reducing the corresponding salt using tannic acid as reducing agent at room temperature in aqueous medium. The reaction is instantaneous and the average diameter of the particles formed is around 10
nm in all the three cases as measured by TEM. These nanoparticles have been used as a catalyst for the degradation of methyl orange in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH
4). Silver nanoparticles have a drastic catalytic effect as compared to gold or platinum nanoparticles on the degradation of methyl orange in the presence of sodium borohydride. From the kinetic data it is concluded that the rate constant follows the order:
k
Ag
nanoparticles
≫
k
Au
nanoparticles
>
k
Pt
nanoparticles
≫
k
uncatalyzed
reaction. The high catalytic effect of silver nanoparticles has been attributed to its low value of work function as compared to Au and Pt. The uncatalyzed reaction does not show any decrease in the absorbance value within the given experimental time due to the large kinetic barrier, i.e. high activation energy. Decrease in absorbance value for uncatalyzed reaction is observed after nearly 48
h that too at a very high concentration of reducing agent, thereby indicating that reaction is extremely slow and reduction of methyl orange is thermodynamically feasible.
Amid COVID-19, there have been rampant increase in the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) kits by frontline health and sanitation communities, to reduce the likelihoods of infections. The ...used PPE kits, potentially being infectious, pose a threat to human health, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems, if not scientifically handled and disposed. However, with stressed resources on treatment facilities and lack of training to the health and sanitation workers, it becomes vital to vet different options for PPE kits disposal, to promote environmentally sound management of waste. Given the various technology options available for treatment and disposal of COVID-19 patients waste, Life Cycle Assessment, i.e., cradle to grave analysis of PPE provides essential guidance in identifying the environmentally sound alternatives. In the present work, Life Cycle Assessment of PPE kits has been performed using GaBi version 8.7 under two disposal scenarios, namely landfill and incineration (both centralized and decentralized) for six environmental impact categories covering overall impacts on both terrestrial and marine ecosystems, which includes Global Warming Potential (GWP), Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), Acidification Potential (AP), Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity Potential (FAETP) and Photochemical Ozone Depletion Potential (POCP). Considering the inventories of PPE kits, disposal of PPE bodysuit has the maximum impact, followed by gloves and goggles, in terms of GWP. The use of metal strips in face-mask has shown the most significant HTP impact. The incineration process (centralized−3816 kg CO2 eq. and decentralized−3813 kg CO2 eq.) showed high GWP but significantly reduced impact w.r.t. AP, EP, FAETP, POCP and HTP, when compared to disposal in a landfill, resulting in the high overall impact of landfill disposal compared to incineration. The decentralized incineration has emerged as environmentally sound management option compared to centralized incinerator among all the impact categories, also the environmental impact by transportation is significant (2.76 kg CO2 eq.) and cannot be neglected for long-distance transportation. Present findings can help the regulatory authority to delineate action steps for safe disposal of PPE kits.
Cancer is a complex worldwide health concern that resulted in 10 million cancer deaths in 2018; hence, early cancer detection is crucial. Early detection involves developing more precise technology ...that offers information about the patient's cancer, allowing clinicians to make better-informed treatment options. This study provides an in-depth analysis of multiple cancers. This study also exhibits a good survey of the machine or deep learning techniques used in cancer research. Also, the study proposed a stacking-based multi-neural ensemble learning method's prediction performance on eight datasets, including the benchmark datasets like Wisconsin Breast cancer dataset, mesothelioma, cervical cancer, non-small cell lung cancer survival dataset, and prostate cancer dataset. This study also analyzes the three real-time cancer datasets (Lung, Ovarian & Leukemia) of the Jammu and Kashmir region. The simulation findings indicate that the methodology described in our study attained the highest level of prediction accuracy across all types of cancer data sets. Additionally, the proposed approach has been statistically validated. The purpose of this investigation was to develop and evaluate a prediction model that might be used as a biomarker for malignancy based on anthropometric, clinical, imaging, and gene data.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Biochar, also known as black carbon, is a byproduct of biomass pyrolysis. As a low-cost, environmental-friendly material, biochar has the potential to replace more expensive synthesized carbon ...nanomaterials (e.g. carbon nanotubes) for use in future supercapacitors. To achieve high capacitance, biochar requires proper activation. A conventional approach involves mixing biochar with a strong base and baking at a high temperature. However, this process is time consuming and energy inefficient (requiring temperatures >900 degreesC). This work demonstrates a low-temperature (<150 degreesC) plasma treatment that efficiently activates a yellow pine biochar. Particularly, the effects of oxygen plasma on the biochar microstructure and supercapacitor characteristics are studied. Significant enhancement of the capacitance is achieved: 171.4 F g super(-1) for a 5-min oxygen plasma activation, in comparison to 99.5 F g super(-1) for a conventional chemical activation and 60.4 F g super(-1) for untreated biochar. This enhancement of the charge storage capacity is attributed to the creation of a broad distribution in pore size and a larger surface area. The plasma activation mechanisms in terms of the evolution of the biochar surface and microstructure are further discussed.
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are one of the most important and dynamic members of the porous organic materials and are constructed using reticular chemistry with the building blocks being ...connected
via
covalent bonds. Due to their fascinating properties such as large surface area; structural versatility; effortless surface modification; and high chemical stability, COFs are being widely deployed in catalytic; sensing; adsorption; gas storage; and many other valuable applications. This review summarizes selected and most recent espoused synthetic methodologies for their assembly including the formation of magnetic COFs. Potential insights in the field of catalysis; electrocatalysis; and photocatalysis, where COFs can serve as excellent platforms for supporting catalytic species, are also illustrated.
The review focuses on recent developments in the synthetic methodologies of COFs and their applications in the field of organocatalysis, electrocatalysis and photocatalysis. Future scope of COFs in the field are also described.
Over recent years, research on the ligand‐protected silver clusters have gained significant interest owing to their unique potential applications in catalysis, organic optoelectronics, and ...luminescent materials. However, the synthesis of structurally precise high‐nuclearity silver nanoclusters is still challenging and become one of the prime interests of chemists. The controllable synthesis of high‐nuclearity silver nanoclusters involves the ingenious use of capping ligands or/and templating agents. Thereinto, the main role of the templating agents is to promote the order arrangement of silver ions around them to form discrete molecules. Our lab has performed comprehensive studies on the ligand‐protected silver clusters in the past eight years. This review highlights recent progress in the use of inorganic template anions, silver precursors, solvents, and the ligand types in synthesizing high‐nuclearity silver nanoclusters. Furthermore, some interesting photo‐ and electrochemical properties revealed by silver clusters including luminescent thermochromism, electrical conductivity, and electrochemical reduction of H2O2 have been also summarized.
This review highlights recent progress in the usage of inorganic template anions, silver precursors, solvents, and the ligand types in synthesizing high‐nuclearity silver nanoclusters. Furthermore, some interesting photo‐ and electrochemical properties revealed by silver clusters including luminescent thermochromism, electrical conductivity, and electrochemical reduction of H2O2 have been also discussed.
The study targets to establish a factorial association of oral microbiome alterations (oral dysbiosis) with betel quid chewing habits through a comparison of the oral microbiome of Betel quid chewers ...and non-chewing individuals. Oral microbiome analysis of 22 adult individuals in the Delhi region of India through the 16S sequencing approach was carried out to observe the differences in taxonomic abundance and diversity. A significant difference in diversity and richness among Betel Quid Chewers (BQC) and Betel Quid Non-Chewers (BQNC) groups was observed. There were significant differences in alpha diversity among the BQC in comparison to BQNC. However, in the age group of 21-30 years old young BQC and BQNC there was no significant difference in alpha diversity. Similar result was obtained while comparing BQC and Smoker-alcoholic BQC. BQ smoker-chewers expressed significant variance in comparison to BQC, based on cluster pattern analysis. The OTU-based Venn Diagram Analysis revealed an altered microbiota, for BQ chewing group with 0-10 years exposure in comparison to those with 10 years and above. The change in the microbial niche in early chewers may be due to abrupt chemical component exposure affecting the oral cavity, and thereafter establishing a unique microenvironment in the long-term BQC. Linear discriminant analysis revealed, 55 significant features among BQC and Alcoholic-Smoker BQC; and 20 significant features among BQC and Smoker BQC respectively. The study shows the abundance of novel bacterial genera in the BQC oral cavity in addition to the commonly found ones. Since the oral microbiome plays a significant role in maintaining local homeostasis, investigating the link between its imbalance in such conditions that are known to have an association with oral diseases including cancers may lead to the identification of specific microbiome-based signatures for its early diagnosis.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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