NiFe₂O₄ and ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles have been prepared encased in the MCM (Mobile Composition of Matter) type matrix. Their magnetic behavior has been studied and compared with that corresponding to ...particles of the same composition and of a similar size (prepared and embedded in amorphous silica or as bare particles). This study has allowed elucidation of the role exerted by the matrix and interparticle interactions in the magnetic behavior of each ferrite system. Thus, very different superparamagnetic behavior has been found in ferrite particles of similar size depending on the surrounding media. Also, the obtained results clearly provide evidence of the vastly different magnetic behavior for each ferrite system.
17-Alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is an estrogen derived from estradiol (E2). This compound and is one of the most widely used drugs both in humans and animals. Numerous studies have reported the ...ability of EE2 to alter sex determination and delay sexual maturity, but there are toxic effects that need to be explored. In this work, we analyzed the effect of EE2 on embryonic development and oxidative stress biomarkers in Danio rerio. For this effect, zebrafish embryos in the blastula period (2.5 h post fecundation) were exposed to different concentrations of EE2 (36–106 ng L−1) until 96 hpf. Survival, alterations to embryonic development, and teratogenic effects were evaluated using a stereomicroscope. Furthermore, oxidative stress biomarkers: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, lipid peroxidation (LPX), hydroperoxide content (HPX), and protein carbonyl content (POX) were evaluated at 72 and 96 hpf using spectrophotometric methods. LC50 and EC50 of malformations got values of 82 ng L−1 and 57.7 ng L−1, respectively. The main teratogenic effects found were: chorda malformation, body malformation, and developmental delay. These alterations occurred at 86, 96, and 106 ng L−1. Integrated biomarker index showed that the oxidative stress biomarkers that had the most influence on embryos were SOD, CAT, GPX, and LPX. Overall, our results allow us to conclude that low concentrations of EE2 may potentially alter the development and oxidative status in the early life stages of zebrafish. Therefore, this bio-active estrogen can be considered a hazardous substance for fish.
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•Developmental alterations and oxidative status by 17α-ethinylestradiol was evaluated.•17α-Ethinylestradiol proved to be teratogenic in embryos of Danio rerio.•The main teratogenic alterations identified were chorda malformation and small fin.•The malformations occurred mainly at 96 and 106 ng L−1.•17α-Ethinylestradiol proved to induce oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos.
Very few case-control studies to assess the risk of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in meat workers have been published. Therefore, we sought to determine: 1) the association of HEV IgG ...seropositivity and the occupation of butcher; and 2) the sociodemographic, work, clinical and behavioral characteristics of butchers associated with HEV exposure.
We performed a case-control seroprevalence study of 101 butchers (mean age: 38.50 ± 12.52 years) and 101 age-, gender- and residence-matched control subjects of the general population. Anti-HEV IgG antibodies were determined using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassay. Bivariate and regression analyses were used to assess the association between HEV seropositivity and characteristics of butchers.
Anti-HEV IgG antibodies were found in 18 (17.8%) of the 101 butchers and in 14 (13.9%) of the 101 control subjects (odds ratio (OR): 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63 - 2.88; P = 0.44). Stratification by sex, age and area of residence (rural or urban) in cases and controls showed similar seroprevalences of HEV infection among groups. Bivariate analysis showed that HEV seroprevalence was associated with low education (up to 6 years), work place, seniority, eating while working, a history of raising farm animals and national trips. However, further analysis by logistic regression showed that only the variable of national trips was associated with HEV exposure (OR: 5.38; 95% CI: 1.02 - 28.16; P = 0.04). Concerning clinical characteristics of butchers, no association between HEV exposure and health status, history of surgery or blood transfusion was found.
Results from this first age-, gender- and residence-matched serosurvey of HEV infection in butchers in Mexico suggest that this population group does not have a higher risk for HEV infection than people from the general population. However, further studies to confirm the lack of association between HEV infection and the occupation of butcher are needed.
Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2021 Ma, Xiaoyue; Bonaparte, Sarah; Corbett, Patrick ...
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association,
07/2023, Letnik:
261, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
To provide epidemiological information on the occurrence of animal and human rabies in the US during 2021 and summaries of 2021 rabies surveillance for Canada and Mexico.
State and territorial public ...health departments and USDA Wildlife Services provided data on animals submitted for rabies testing in 2021. Data were analyzed temporally and geographically to assess trends in domestic animal and wildlife rabies cases.
During 2021, 54 US jurisdictions reported 3,663 rabid animals, representing an 18.2% decrease from the 4,479 cases reported in 2020. Texas (n = 456 12.4%), Virginia (297 8.1%), Pennsylvania (287 7.8%), North Carolina (248 6.8%), New York (237 6.5%), California (220 6.0%), and New Jersey (201 5.5%) together accounted for > 50% of all animal rabies cases reported in 2021. Of the total reported rabid animals, 3,352 (91.5%) involved wildlife, with bats (n = 1,241 33.9%), raccoons (1,030 28.1%), skunks (691 18.9%), and foxes (314 8.6%) representing the primary hosts confirmed with rabies. Rabid cats (216 5.9%), cattle (40 1.1%), and dogs (36 1.0%) accounted for 94% of rabies cases involving domestic animals in 2021. Five human rabies deaths were reported in 2021.
The number of animal rabies cases reported in the US decreased significantly during 2021; this is thought to be due to factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2020 Ma, Xiaoyue; Bonaparte, Sarah; Toro, Matthew ...
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association,
05/2022, Letnik:
260, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
To provide epidemiological information on animal and human cases of rabies in the US during 2020 and summaries of 2020 rabies surveillance for Canada and Mexico.
All animals submitted for laboratory ...diagnosis of rabies in the US during 2020.
State and territorial public health departments and USDA Wildlife Services provided 2020 rabies surveillance data. Data were analyzed temporally and geographically to assess trends in domestic and wildlife rabies cases.
During 2020, 54 jurisdictions submitted 87,895 animal samples for rabies testing, of which 85,483 (97.3%) had a conclusive (positive or negative) test result. Of these, 4,479 (5.2%) tested positive for rabies, representing a 4.5% decrease from the 4,690 cases reported in 2019. Texas (n = 580 12.9%), Pennsylvania (371 8.3%), Virginia (351 7.8%), New York (346 7.7%), North Carolina (301 6.7%), New Jersey (257 5.7%), Maryland (256 5.7%), and California (248 5.5%) together accounted for > 60% of all animal rabies cases reported in 2020. Of the total reported rabid animals, 4,090 (91.3%) involved wildlife, with raccoons (n = 1,403 31.3%), bats (1,400 31.3%), skunks (846 18.9%), and foxes (338 7.5%) representing the primary hosts confirmed with rabies. Rabid cats (288 6.4%), cattle (43 1.0%), and dogs (37 0.8%) accounted for 95% of rabies cases involving domestic animals in 2020. No human rabies cases were reported in 2020.
For the first time since 2006, the number of samples submitted for rabies testing in the US was < 90,000; this is thought to be due to factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic, as similar decreases in sample submission were also reported by Canada and Mexico.
The widely held assumption that any important scientific information would be available in English underlies the underuse of non-English-language science across disciplines. However, ...non-English-language science is expected to bring unique and valuable scientific information, especially in disciplines where the evidence is patchy, and for emergent issues where synthesising available evidence is an urgent challenge. Yet such contribution of non-English-language science to scientific communities and the application of science is rarely quantified. Here, we show that non-English-language studies provide crucial evidence for informing global biodiversity conservation. By screening 419,679 peer-reviewed papers in 16 languages, we identified 1,234 non-English-language studies providing evidence on the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation interventions, compared to 4,412 English-language studies identified with the same criteria. Relevant non-English-language studies are being published at an increasing rate in 6 out of the 12 languages where there were a sufficient number of relevant studies. Incorporating non-English-language studies can expand the geographical coverage (i.e., the number of 2° × 2° grid cells with relevant studies) of English-language evidence by 12% to 25%, especially in biodiverse regions, and taxonomic coverage (i.e., the number of species covered by the relevant studies) by 5% to 32%, although they do tend to be based on less robust study designs. Our results show that synthesising non-English-language studies is key to overcoming the widespread lack of local, context-dependent evidence and facilitating evidence-based conservation globally. We urge wider disciplines to rigorously reassess the untapped potential of non-English-language science in informing decisions to address other global challenges. Please see the Supporting information files for Alternative Language Abstracts.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
BACKGROUND:Retrograde transsynaptic degeneration (RTSD) of the retinal ganglion cells and retinal nerve fiber layer after postgeniculate injury has been well documented, but to the best of our ...knowledge, associated retinal microvascular changes have not been examined. The purpose of our study was to assess vessel density (VD) at macular and peripapillary regions in patients with RTSD.
METHODS:Cross-sectional study including 16 patients with homonymous visual field defects secondary to unilateral postgeniculate visual pathway injury and 18 age-matched controls. All participants were examined with AngioVue optical coherence tomography angiography to measure the peripapillary vessel density and macular vessel density (pVD/mVD) as well as the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thicknesses. The pRNFL and macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses also were evaluated using Cirrus OCT. A normalized asymmetry score (NAS) was calculated for GCIPL and GCC thickness, and mVD.
RESULTS:Average pRNFL and macular GCIPL/GCC thicknesses were significantly thinner in both eyes of patients compared with control eyes (all P ≤ 0.05). Eight patients (50%), who showed a RTSD of the GCIPL map, had a relative thinning of the GCIPL/GCC ipsilateral to the brain lesion in both eyes (represented by a positive GCIPL-NAS/GCC-NAS). The mean pVD and mVD also were significantly reduced in patients (all P ≤ 0.05). There was a strong correlation between GCIPL-NAS/GCC-NAS and mVD-NAS index in both eyes (all r > 0.7, P = 0.001). Furthermore, there was a similar spatial pattern of damage for the macular GCC thickness and VD values.
CONCLUSIONS:We demonstrated a significant VD decrease in peripapillary and macular areas of patients with RTSD because of postgeniculate lesions. The structural and microvascular asymmetry indexes were significantly correlated. These findings provide new insights regarding transsynaptic degeneration of the visual system.
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