We set a combined limit on the effective Majorana neutrino mass mββ from experimental searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay of multiple isotopes. The limits on mββ range between 130-310 meV, ...depending on the choice of nuclear matrix element calculation. The limits on mββ can also be translated into a limit on the neutrino mass and mixing parameters of a fourth sterile neutrino.
The SuperNEMO experiment will search for neutrinoless double β decay with a sensitivity two orders of magnitude greater than its predecessor NEMO-3, achieved through better energy resolution and ...unprecedented background levels. A Demonstrator module of the detector is currently under construction, due to begin data taking in 2015. A vital component of the detector is the tracker, a wire chamber made from 2,034 cells operating in Geiger mode. This is important for triggering, background discrimination, and measurement of the kinematic properties of the decay. The tracker production procedure and status is presented.
The calorimeter, range detector and active target elements of the T2K near detectors rely on the Hamamatsu Photonics Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs) to detect scintillation light produced by ...charged particles. Detailed measurements of the MPPC gain, afterpulsing, crosstalk, dark noise, and photon detection efficiency for low light levels are reported. In order to account for the impact of the MPPC behavior on T2K physics observables, a simulation program has been developed based on these measurements. The simulation is used to predict the energy resolution of the detector.
The Black Death (1347-1352 CE) is the most renowned pandemic in human history, believed by many to have killed half of Europe's population. However, despite advances in ancient DNA research that ...conclusively identified the pandemic's causative agent (bacterium Yersinia pestis), our knowledge of the Black Death remains limited, based primarily on qualitative remarks in medieval written sources available for some areas of Western Europe. Here, we remedy this situation by applying a pioneering new approach, 'big data palaeoecology', which, starting from palynological data, evaluates the scale of the Black Death's mortality on a regional scale across Europe. We collected pollen data on landscape change from 261 radiocarbon-dated coring sites (lakes and wetlands) located across 19 modern-day European countries. We used two independent methods of analysis to evaluate whether the changes we see in the landscape at the time of the Black Death agree with the hypothesis that a large portion of the population, upwards of half, died within a few years in the 21 historical regions we studied. While we can confirm that the Black Death had a devastating impact in some regions, we found that it had negligible or no impact in others. These inter-regional differences in the Black Death's mortality across Europe demonstrate the significance of cultural, ecological, economic, societal and climatic factors that mediated the dissemination and impact of the disease. The complex interplay of these factors, along with the historical ecology of plague, should be a focus of future research on historical pandemics.
This article provides an overview of financial situation in the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of the early modern era when both states ...entered the period of military revolution. Military conflicts engaging the Kingdom and the Duchy in the 15th and especially in the 16th century were a catalyst for institutional and treasury reforms affecting crown/ducal domains and fiscal systems in both states. The reforms were aimed primarily at increasing the royal and ducal revenues, but in the long run they were conducive to political changes, the most important of which was the parliamentary union in 1569 and establishment of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Although revenues increased and foreign policies of Jagiellonian states proved successful, their treasury systems were never fully modernized. Fixed taxes played a minimal role and allowed the state apparatuses to function relatively efficiently only during periods of peace. The crises, in turn, showed that the Jagiellons’ credit capacity was very limited. Compared to the most developed European countries, the revenue and financial capacity of the Kingdom of Poland, and even more so of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, can be considered very modest.
We measure a large set of observables in inclusive charged current muon neutrino scattering on argon with the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber operating at Fermilab. We evaluate three ...neutrino interaction models based on the widely used GENIE event generator using these observables. The measurement uses a data set consisting of neutrino interactions with a final state muon candidate fully contained within the MicroBooNE detector. These data were collected in 2016 with the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam, which has an average neutrino energy of Formula omitted, using an exposure corresponding to Formula omitted protons-on-target. The analysis employs fully automatic event selection and charged particle track reconstruction and uses a data-driven technique to separate neutrino interactions from cosmic ray background events. We find that GENIE models consistently describe the shapes of a large number of kinematic distributions for fixed observed multiplicity.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We measure a large set of observables in inclusive charged current muon neutrino scattering on argon with the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber operating at Fermilab. We evaluate three ...neutrino interaction models based on the widely used GENIE event generator using these observables. The measurement uses a data set consisting of neutrino interactions with a final state muon candidate fully contained within the MicroBooNE detector. These data were collected in 2016 with the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam, which has an average neutrino energy of 800MeV, using an exposure corresponding to 5.0×1019 protons-on-target. The analysis employs fully automatic event selection and charged particle track reconstruction and uses a data-driven technique to separate neutrino interactions from cosmic ray background events. We find that GENIE models consistently describe the shapes of a large number of kinematic distributions for fixed observed multiplicity.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The BiPo-3 detector, running at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (Laboratorio Subterr'aneo de Canfranc, LSC, Spain) since 2013, is a low-radioactivity detector dedicated to measuring ultra low ...natural radionuclide contaminations of 208Tl (232Th chain) and 214Bi (238U chain) in thin materials. The total sensitive surface area of the detector is 3.6 m2. The detector has been developed to measure the radiopurity of the selenium double β-decay source foils of the SuperNEMO experiment. In this paper the design and performance of the detector, and results of the background measurements in 208Tl and 214Bi, are presented, and the validation of the BiPo-3 measurement with a calibrated aluminium foil is discussed. Results of the 208Tl and 214Bi activity measurements of the first enriched 82Se foils of the double β-decay SuperNEMO experiment are reported. The sensitivity of the BiPo-3 detector for the measurement of the SuperNEMO 82Se foils is (208Tl) <2μBq/kg (90% C.L.) and (214Bi) <140μBq/kg (90% C.L.) after 6 months of measurement.
A simple, sensitive, and selective headspace gas-chromatographic method has been developed for measuring hydroxylamine (HA) in a variety of sample matrices including pharmaceutical formulations. This ...procedure relies on converting HA into nitrous oxide (N
2O), which is a single-step reaction that is carried out directly in a heated headspace vial. The gaseous products are then analyzed by headspace capillary gas chromatography. Several detection strategies were evaluated and electron capture provided the best sensitivity (4 parts-per-billion (ppb)) while the mass selective and thermal conductivity values were higher (14 ppb and 1.4 parts-per-million (ppm), respectively). The method's linear dynamic range spans two to four decades with a run-to-run precision that was better than 5% R.S.D. (
n=7). The reagent concentrations (oxidant, buffer) strongly impact the N
2O signal and the greatest response was obtained for solutions that contained equimolar amounts of reactants. HA was efficiently (98%) recovered from a sample matrix that contained only the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) but the recovery was lower (83%) when excipients were present.
The GENIE neutrino Monte Carlo generator Andreopoulos, C.; Bell, A.; Bhattacharya, D. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2010, Letnik:
614, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
GENIE
1 is a new neutrino event generator for the experimental neutrino physics community. The goal of the project is to develop a ‘canonical’ neutrino interaction physics Monte Carlo whose validity ...extends to all nuclear targets and neutrino flavors from MeV to PeV energy scales. Currently, emphasis is on the few-GeV energy range, the challenging boundary between the non-perturbative and perturbative regimes, which is relevant for the current and near future long-baseline precision neutrino experiments using accelerator-made beams. The design of the package addresses many challenges unique to neutrino simulations and supports the full life-cycle of simulation and generator-related analysis tasks.
GENIE is a large-scale software system, consisting of
∼
120
000
lines of
C
++
code, featuring a modern object-oriented design and extensively validated physics content. The first official physics release of GENIE was made available in August 2007, and at the time of the writing of this article, the latest available version was v2.4.4.
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