Individuals with cancer may be at high risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and adverse outcomes. However, evidence from large population‐based studies examining whether cancer and ...cancer‐related therapy exacerbates the risk of COVID‐19 infection is still limited. Data were collected from the COVID Symptom Study smartphone application since March 29 through May 8, 2020. Among 23,266 participants with cancer and 1,784,293 without cancer, we documented 10,404 reports of a positive COVID‐19 test. Compared with participants without cancer, those living with cancer had a 60% increased risk of a positive COVID‐19 test. Among patients with cancer, current treatment with chemotherapy or immunotherapy was associated with a 2.2‐fold increased risk of a positive test. The association between cancer and COVID‐19 infection was stronger among participants >65 years and males. Future studies are needed to identify subgroups by tumor types and treatment regimens who are particularly at risk for COVID‐19 infection and adverse outcomes.
Patients with cancer may be at a higher risk for COVID‐19; however, supporting evidence from large population‐based studies is still limited. This study examined whether incidence of infection is higher in individuals with cancer.
We developed an improved, robust synthesis of a series of pillar6arenes with a varying number (0–3) of quinone moieties in the ring. This easy-to-control variation yielded a gradually less ...electron-rich cavity in going from zero to three quinone units, as shown from the strength of host–guest interactions with silver ions. Such macrocycle-Ag2 complexes themselves were shown to display an unprecedented, sharp distinction between terminal alkynes, which strongly bound to such complexes, and internal alkynes, internal alkenes and terminal alkenes, which do hardly bind.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known as molecular carriers involved in cell communication and the regulation of (patho)physiological processes. miRNAs and growth factors are the main contents of ...EVs which make them a good candidate for the treatment of diseases caused by ischemia, but the low production of EVs by a cell producer and a significant variation of the molecular contents in EVs according to the cell source are the main limitations of their widespread use. Here, we show how to improve the therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) by modifying MSCs to enrich these EVs with specific angiomiRs (miR-135b or miR-210) using lentiviral vectors carrying miR-135b or miR-210. MSCs were obtained from the mouse bone marrow and transduced with a corresponding lentivector to overexpress miR-135b or miR-210. The EVs were then isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized using a flow cytometer and a nanoparticle tracking analyzer. The levels of 20 genes in the MSCs and 12 microRNAs in both MSCs and EVs were assessed by RT‒qPCR. The proangiogenic activity of EVs was subsequently assessed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results confirmed the overexpression of the respective microRNA in modified MSCs. Moreover, miR-135b overexpression upregulated miR-210-5p and follistatin, whereas the overexpression of miR-210 downregulated miR-221 and upregulated miR-296. The tube formation assay showed that EVs from MSCs overexpressing miR-210-5p (EVmiR210) significantly promoted tubular structure formation in HUVECs. A significant increase in angiogenic proteins (PGF, endothelin 1, and artemin) and genes (VEGF, activin A, and IGFBP1) in HUVECs treated with VEmiR210 justifies the better tubular structure formation of these cells compared with that of EVmiR135b-treated HUVECs, which showed upregulated expression of only artemin. Collectively, our results show that the EV cargo can be modified by lentiviral vectors to enrich specific miRNAs to achieve a specific angiogenic potential.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The synthesis of “rim-differentiated” C 5-symmetric pillar5arenes, whose two rims are decorated with different chemical functionalities, has remained a challenging task. This is due to the inherent ...statistical nature of the cyclization of 1,4-disubstituted alkoxybenzenes with different substituents, which leads to four constitutional isomers with only 1/16th being rim-differentiated. Herein, we report a “preoriented” synthetic protocol based on FeCl3-catalyzed cyclization of asymmetrically substituted 2,5-dialkoxybenzyl alcohols. This yields an unprecedented 55% selectivity of the C 5-symmetric tiara-like pillar5arene isomer among four constitutional isomers. Based on this new method, a series of functionalizable tiara-pillar5arene derivatives with C 5-symmetry was successfully synthesized, isolated, and fully characterized in the solid state.
•The first successful severe plastic deformation of 12Cr ODS steels.•Significantly refined and homogeneous microstructure in ODS steels.•Shear stress induced drastic variation of geometry of Y2O3 ...nanoparticles.•Strengthening arising primarily from grain refinement.
Multiscale microstructure refinement of a 12Cr-ODS steel by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) was investigated by numerous microscopy techniques. The as-HIPped material showed a bimodal microstructure. Three types of second phase particles, including Y2O3, (Cr, Fe)23C6 and Cr oxide, were observed. After ECAE, the large matrix grains and Cr rich particles were effectively refined, and yttrium oxide nanoparticles surrounding ultrafine grain boundaries were redistributed. Geometry change of nanoscale yttrium oxide particles was also observed. An increased hardening by ∼35% was related to ECAE induced refinement of microstructures.
•Fatigue incremental stress amplitude (ISA) affects rock fracture characteristics.•Damage accumulation and volumetric deformation both increase with ISA.•The dissipated energy is relatively large for ...a sample with a higher ISA.•The pre-flaws are easily to be communicated for rock under relatively low ISA.
Rock mass containing discontinues is often subjected to fatigue loads in many mining and civil engineering. The stress amplitude (SA) as an important factor impacts rock fracture evolution during fatigue loading condition. Existing effects to investigate the impacts of SA on rock fatigue behaviors were mainly on constant SA loading condition, the influences of incremental stress amplitude (ISA) for rock subjected to cyclic uniaxial increasing-amplitude conditions is not well understood. In this work, uniaxial increasing-amplitude fatigue loads and post-test 3D CT scanning experiments were conducted on granite containing two pre-existing flaws. Our experimental results reveal the impact of four applied ISA (i.e., 5, 10, 20 and 30 MPa) on rock fracture evolution, energy conversion and crack network pattern at rock bridge segment. The damage accumulation and volumetric deformation increase with the increase of applied ISA. The accelerated damage evolution stage is different for sample with different ISA, and it starts to appear the earliest for a sample subjected to ISA of 30 MPa. Energy conversion analysis reveals that the dissipated energy used to drive the crack propagation is relatively large for a sample with higher ISA. Post-test 3D CT visualization reveals a most striking finding that the crack network pattern becomes complicated as the applied ISA increases. It is suggested that crack coalescence between the flaws is easy to be formed for rock subjected to low ISA, rock bridge segment fracturing is stress amplitude dependent. The testing results are expected to improve the understanding of the influence of stress amplitude on the fatigue behaviors of pre-flawed rock when rock mass is subjected to increasing-amplitude stress disturbance.
Purpose: The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is a useful tool to assess the physiologic function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The recent study showed that patients with COPD ...with oxygen desaturation during the 6MWT had an increased risk of exacerbation and death compared with those without oxygen desaturation. This study aimed to explore the potential risk factors for exercise-induced desaturation (EID) in patients with COPD. Patients and Methods: Adult patients with COPD were enrolled from the Chang Gung Research Database between January 2013 and January 2017. Age, sex, body mass index, underlying diseases, medications, and results of the pulmonary function tests and 6MWT were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results: Among 1768 patients with COPD, 932 (52.7%) had oxygen desaturation, and the other 836 (47.3%) had no desaturation during the 6MWT. The patients with EID had a shorter 6-min walk distance than those without desaturation (352.08+ or -120.29 vs 426.56 + or -112.56, p<0.0001). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, older age, female sex, lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and comorbidity with atrial fibrillation (AF) were associated with oxygen desaturation during the 6MWT. Patients with EID had higher exacerbation frequency than those without desaturation in the 1-year follow-up period (0.59+ or -1.50 vs 0.34+ or -1.26, p<0.0001). Patients with COPD with AF also had a higher rate of exacerbation requiring emergency department visit or hospitalization in the 1-year follow-up. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that older age, low FEV.sub.1, and female sex are risk factors for EID. Desaturation during 6MWT is related to frequent acute exacerbation of COPD in the 1-year follow-up. Keywords: 6-minute walk test, A-fib, exacerbation, hypoxia
Highlights • Two regimens as the first line treatment in adult LCH were compared. • Two regimens for the treatment of adult SS-m or MS LCH showed similar efficacy. • Treatment with two regimens was ...associated with a high recurrence rate.
A 9-valent human papillomavirus-6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 (9vHPV) vaccine extends coverage to 5 next most common oncogenic types (31/33/45/52/58) in cervical cancer versus quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) ...vaccine. We describe efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety in Asian participants (India, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand) from 2 international studies: a randomized, double-blinded, qHPV vaccine-controlled efficacy study (young women aged 16-26 years; NCT00543543; Study 001); and an immunogenicity study (girls and boys aged 9-15 years; NCT00943722; Study 002).
Participants (N = 2519) were vaccinated at day 1 and months 2 and 6. Gynecological samples (Study 001 only) and serum were collected for HPV DNA and antibody assessments, respectively. Injection-site and systemic adverse events (AEs) were monitored. Data were analyzed by country and vaccination group.
9vHPV vaccine prevented HPV-31/33/45/52/58-related persistent infection with 90.4%-100% efficacy across included countries. At month 7, ≥97.9% of participants seroconverted for each HPV type. Injection-site AEs occurred in 77.7%-83.1% and 81.9%-87.5% of qHPV and 9vHPV vaccine recipients in Study 001, respectively, and 62.4%-85.7% of girls/boys in Study 002; most were mild to moderate.
The 9vHPV vaccine is efficacious, immunogenic, and well tolerated in Asian participants. Data support 9vHPV vaccination programs in Asia.
NCT00543543; NCT00943722.
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