A challenge in utilizing pore‐scale information in subsurface transport calculations is the small field‐of‐view of tomographic imaging methods resolving pore‐scale features. While low‐resolution ...tomography provides a larger field‐of‐view, critical connectivity information may not be resolved, or lost in the upscaling process. In this study, we present a multiscale upscaling approach utilizing regional morphological measures—Minkowski maps—at two different resolutions. The workflow consists of the definition of high‐resolution rock‐types and their characterization, followed by an image registration process to lower resolution tomograms, a projection of the high‐resolution rock‐types to low‐resolution Minkowski maps via support vector machines, and application of high‐resolution transport characteristics to the low‐resolution rock‐types, followed by upscaling. The method is applied to a complex thinly laminated reservoir sandstone. Upscaled permeability and electrical conductivity agree well with full‐resolution calculations.
Key Points
Regional morphological pore‐scale attributes on a high‐resolution tomogram are derived with spectral methods and utilized for rock‐typing
The classification is applied to attributes from a low‐resolution tomogram via support vector machines with better than 95% recovery
Upscaled physical properties derived on high‐resolution and low‐resolution rock‐types show excellent agreement (<2% deviation)
We report a direct measurement of the low-frequency optical conductivity of large-area single-crystal herbertsmithite, a promising spin-liquid candidate material, by means of terahertz time-domain ...spectroscopy. In the spectral range below 1.4 THz, we observe a contribution to the real part of the in-plane conductivity σ(ab)(ω) from the spin degree of freedom. This spin-induced conductivity exhibits a power-law dependence on frequency σ(ab)(ω) ~ ω(β) with β ≈ 1.4. Our observation is consistent with the theoretically predicted low-frequency conductivity arising from an emergent gauge field of a gapless U(1) Dirac spin liquid.
A “rim‐differentiated” pillar6arene (RD‐P6) was obtained successfully, with the assistance of a dimeric silver trifluoroacetate template, among eight different constitutional isomers in a direct and ...regioselective manner. The solid‐state conformation of this macrocycle could switch from the 1,3,5‐alternate to a truly rim‐differentiated one upon guest inclusion. This highly symmetric RD‐P6 not only hosts metal‐containing molecules inside its cavity, but also can form a pillar6arene‐C60 adduct through co‐crystallization on account of donor‐acceptor interactions. The development of synthetic strategies to desymmetrize pillararenes offers new opportunities for engineering complex molecular architectures and organic electronic materials.
The use of a dimeric silver trifluoroacetate template, has facilitated a “rim‐differentiated” pillar6arene to be isolated successfully from a mixture containing eight constitutional isomers. This macrocycle exhibits interesting conformational adaptation toward guest molecules in the solid state.
The increased use of both pillar5arenes and pillar6arenes, stimulated by increasingly efficient syntheses of both, has brought forward the question as to what drives the intermediates in this ...Friedel–Crafts ring formation to form a pillar5arene, a pillar6arene, or any other sized macrocycle. This study sets out to answer this question by studying both the thermodynamics and kinetics involved in the absence and presence of templating solvents using high-end wB97XD/6-311G(2p,2d) DFT calculations.
Plasma DNA fragmentomics is an emerging area in cell-free DNA diagnostics and research. In murine models, it has been shown that the extracellular DNase, DNASE1L3, plays a role in the fragmentation ...of plasma DNA. In humans, DNASE1L3 deficiency causes familial monogenic systemic lupus erythematosus with childhood onset and anti-dsDNA reactivity. In this study, we found that human patients with DNASE1L3 disease-associated gene variations showed aberrations in size and a reduction of a “CC” end motif of plasma DNA. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DNA from DNASE1L3-digested cell nuclei showed a median length of 153 bp with CC motif frequencies resembling plasma DNA from healthy individuals. Adeno-associated virus-based transduction of Dnase1l3 into Dnase1l3-deficient mice restored the end motif profiles to those seen in the plasma DNA of wild-type mice. Our findings demonstrate that DNASE1L3 is an important player in the fragmentation of plasma DNA, which appears to act in a cell-extrinsic manner to regulate plasma DNA size and motif frequency.
•Impact of different fertilizers on soil microbial characteristics.•The OIO treatment exhibited the highest bacterial and actinomycete levels and AWCD.•The N treatment resulted in the highest fungi ...levels.•Bacillus sp. were the dominant bacteria in the OIO treatment.•Most microbial parameters were correlated with soil organic matter content.
A long-term field experiment was used to evaluate the effects of different fertilizers (OIO, organic inorganic compound fertilizer specially formulated for mulberry; N, N fertilizer only; NPK, N, P and K fertilizer; NF, the control without fertilization) on microbial abundance, community structure and microbial functional diversity. The OIO treatment exhibited the highest bacterial and actinomycete levels, community diversity, Shannon indices and average well color development (AWCD). However, the N treatment resulted in the highest fungi levels. Bacillus sp. were the dominant bacteria in the OIO treatment. The carbohydrate and carboxylic acid utilization by microbes was highest in the OIO treatment, whereas the amino acid utilization was highest in the N treatment. Most microbial parameters were primarily correlated with the soil organic matter content. The principal component analysis of the DGGE profiles suggested that the culture-independent bacterial community was not really affected by the fertilization treatments but was significantly affected by the sampling time. In contrast, the carbon substrate utilization was significantly affected by the fertilization treatments but not by the sampling time. Our findings suggested that the soil microbial activities were significantly changed by long-term fertilization and that more attention should be devoted to seasonal shifts in the microbial community.
In this work, an experiment was carried out to investigate the preparation condition of anisotropic Fe-deficient M-type Ca-Sr-La system ferrite with optimum magnetic and physical properties using the ...raw material Fe 2 O 3 from steel industrial iron oxide waste. The compositions of the calcined ferrites were chosen according to the stoichiometry <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{\mathrm {Ca}}_{1-x-y} </tex-math></inline-formula>La x Sr y Fe 10.9 Co z O 19 , where M-type single-phase calcined powder was synthesized with a composition of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">x = 0.45 </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">y = 0.18 </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">z= 0 </tex-math></inline-formula>. The effect of CaO, SiO 2 , and Co 3 O 4 inter-additives on the Ca-Sr-La system ferrite was also discussed in order to obtain low-temperature sintered magnets. The magnetic properties of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">B_{r} = 4570 </tex-math></inline-formula> Gauss, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">_{b}H_{c} = 4320 </tex-math></inline-formula> Oe, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">_{i}H_{c} = 5260 </tex-math></inline-formula> Oe, and (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">BH </tex-math></inline-formula>)<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">_{\mathrm {max}}= 5.16 </tex-math></inline-formula> MGOe were obtained for Ca-Sr-La system hard magnets with low cobalt content at 1.85 wt%. The magnetic properties of the prepared magnets really good compared to that of the traditional Sr-La-cobalt (Co) M-type ferrite, which has been the highest grade M-type hard ferrite. The remarkable steel industrial iron oxide waste Fe 2 O 3 is recycled to produce high-end permanent magnets under an output power of < 1 kW, which will eventually be used in high-efficiency motors.
Jung WH, Kang D‐H, Han JY, Jang JH, Gu B‐M, Choi J‐S, Jung MH, Choi C‐H, Kwon JS. Aberrant ventral striatal responses during incentive processing in unmedicated patients with obsessive–compulsive ...disorder.
Objective: Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by the dysfunction of control and reward mechanisms. However, only few neuroimaging studies of OCD have examined the reward processing. We examined the neural responses during incentive processing in OCD.
Method: Twenty unmedicated patients with OCD and 20 age‐, sex‐, and IQ‐matched healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a modified monetary incentive delay task.
Results: Compared with controls, patients with OCD showed increased ventral striatal activation in the no‐loss minus loss outcome contrast and a significant positive correlation between the ventral striatal activation and compulsion symptom severity. In addition, patients with OCD showed increased activations in the frontostriatal regions in the gain minus no‐gain outcomes contrast. During loss anticipation, patients with OCD showed less activations in the lateral prefrontal and inferior parietal cortices. However, during gain anticipation, patients with OCD and healthy controls did not differ in the ventral striatal activation.
Conclusion: These findings provide neural evidence for altered incentive processing in unmedicated patients with OCD, suggesting an elevated sensitivity to negatively affect stimuli as well as dysfunction of the ventral striatum.
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