Cancer is one of the most serious public health issues worldwide, ranking second only to cardiovascular diseases as a cause of death. Numerous plant extracts have extraordinary health benefits and ...have been used for centuries to treat a variety of ailments with few side effects. Olive leaves have a long history of medicinal and therapeutic use. In this study, the anti-cancer properties of an olive leaf extract were investigated in vitro using colorectal and prostate cancer cell lines (HT29 and PC3, respectively). A high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the olive leaf extract contained a high chlorogenic acid content. Accordingly, chlorogenic acid may be related to the observed effects of the aqueous extract on cancer cells, including increased inhibition of cancer cell growth, migration, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle arrest at the S phase, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and altered gene expression. The effects of the extracts were greater in HT29 than in PC3 cells. These results suggest that chlorogenic acid, the main constituent in the olive extract, is a promising new anti-cancer agent. Further analyses should focus on its in vivo effects on colorectal tumor models, both alone and in combination with established agents.
Ammonia exposure can be considered more stressful for aquatic animals when it coincides with high temperature. This study was conducted to detect the effects of ammonia exposure and heat stress and ...their interactions on the histological features of gills and liver tissues and the expression responses of immune and antioxidative related genes in Nile tilapia. Thus, 180 fish were divided into four groups (triplicates), where the first and third groups were kept in clean water without total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) exposure. At the same time, the second and fourth groups were exposed to 5 mg TAN/L. After seven days, the water temperature was raised in the third (without ammonia toxicity) and fourth (exposed with 5 mg TAN/L) groups up to 32 °C and kept under these conditions for 24 h. While the first (without ammonia toxicity) and second (exposed with 5 mg TAN/L) groups were kept under optimum water temperature (27.28 °C) then gills and liver tissues were dissected. Marked upregulation of keap1 was seen in the gills of fish exposed to ammonia/heat stress. The expression of mRNA levels for nrf2, nqo-1, cat, and gpx genes were downregulated in all stressed groups, with the lowest was recorded in the ammonia/heat stress group. The transcription of ho-1 was upregulated in the ammonia and heat stress groups while downregulated in the ammonia/heat stress group. The transcription of the complement C3 gene was downregulated in the livers of heat stress and ammonia/heat stress groups, while the lysozyme gene was downregulated in the ammonia/heat stress group. The mRNA expression levels of nf-κB, il-1β, and tnf-α genes were higher in the ammonia group than in the heat stress group. The highest transcription level of nf-κB, il-1β, tnf-α, il-8, and hsp70 genes and the lowest C3 and lysozyme genes were observed in fish exposed to ammonia/heat stress. The co-exposure to ammonia with heat stress triggered degeneration of primary and secondary gill filaments with telangiectasia and vascular congestion of secondary epithelium while, the liver showed hepatic vascular congestion and visible necrotic changes with nuclear pyknosis. In conclusion, the combined exposure of ammonia and heat stress induced oxidative stress, immunosuppression, and inflammation in Nile tilapia.
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•Marked upregulation of keap1 was seen in the gills of fish exposed to ammonia/heat stress.•The nrf2, nqo-1, cat, and gpx genes were downregulated in the ammonia/heat stress group.•The co-exposure to ammonia with heat stress exposed impaired the histological structure of the liver and gills.•Ammonia exposure and heat stress induced oxidative stress, immunosuppression, and inflammation than each one alone.
One of the important features of Resistive RAM (RRAM) is its conductance modulation, which makes it suitable for neuromorphic computing systems. In this paper, the conductance modulation of ...Oxide-based RAM (OxRAM) devices is evaluated based on experimental data to reveal its inherent analog synaptic behavior. A test chip made of a classical 1T-1R elementary memory array is used to demonstrate the conductance modulation. Using an array of cells, as opposed to an isolated cell, allows to catch temporal as well as spatial variabilities. Thus, the multiple resistance levels capability of OxRAMs is assessed in a more realistic context. Two different programming techniques are used to program the OxRAM cells. The first approach leverages on RESET (RST) voltage control. The second approach relies on compliance current control during the SET operation. In both approaches, although multiple resistance levels can be easily obtained, it is demonstrated that a successful implementation of a reliable conductance modulation scheme mainly depends on the ability to precisely control the impact of variability on the different conductance levels obtained after the programming operation.
Due to the expanded bacterial genetic tolerance to antibiotics through different mechanisms, infectious diseases of MDR bacteria are difficult for treatment. Consequently, we synthesized drug ...conjugated nanoparticles to dissolve this problem. Moreover, the present study aims to display the cell death status treated with cefotaxime-CS-AgNPs and also, apoptosis pathways of human RPE-1 normal cells and human MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Here, we demonstrate the possibility to synthesize AgNPs and conjugate them with cefotaxime to survey the probability of cefotaxime-CS-AgNPs as an antimicrobial agent against cefotaxime-resistant strains
and MRSA.
TEM showed the size of AgNPs, CS-AgNPs and cefotaxime-CS-AgNPs ranged from 7.42 to 18.3 nm, 8.05-23.89 nm and 8.48-25.3 nm, respectively, with a spherical shape. The cefotaxime-CS-AgNPs enhanced the high antimicrobial properties compared to AgNPs or pure antibiotic. The MIC of Cefotaxime-CS-AgNPs ranged from 3 µg/mL to 8 µg/mL against tested
and MRSA bacteria. Consequently, the highest reduction in the MIC of cefotaxime-CS-AgNPs was noted against tested strains ranging from 22% to 96%. Comparing cefotaime-CS-AgNPs to AgNPs we showed that cefotaime-CS-AgNPs have no cytotoxic effect on normal cells at even 12 µg/mL for 24 hrs. The IC50 for the AgNPs and cefotaxime-CS-AgNPs was 12 µg/mL for human RPE-1 normal cells and human MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. The pro-apoptotic genes p53, p21, and Bax of cancer cell lines significantly upregulated followed by downregulated by anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 after 48 hrs at 24 µg/mL, and this concentration represents the most effective dose.
Results enhanced the conjugating utility in old unresponsive cefotaxime to AgNPs to restore its efficiency against previous strains and demonstrated potential therapeutic applications of cefotaxime-CS-AgNPs. Moreover, this research gives remarkable insights for designing nanoscale delivery and curative systems that have a pronounced cytotoxic activity on cancer cells and are safe to normal cells.
The aims of this study were to determine the polyphone content of grape seed extract (GSE) and to assess their protective effects against zearalenone (ZEN)-induced maternal toxicity and in utero ...development defects in mice. Five groups of pregnant mice were treated orally during days 6–13 of gestation as follows: control group, corn oil as vehicle (0.1 ml/mice)-treated group, ZEN-treated group (25 mg/kg b.w), GSE-treated group (150 mg/kg b.w.), and ZEN plus GSE-treated group. All animals were sacrificed on the 19th day of gestation and samples of bone marrow were collected for the micronucleus assay. The maternal and developmental toxicity were carried out. The HPLC analyses revealed that GES is rich in gallic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, quercetin, and coumaric acid. ZEN administration resulted in severe maternal and developmental toxicity which included an increase of micronuclei formation in bone marrow, decreased maternal weight gain, and litter weight. It also induces fetal growth retardation, increased number of the aborted dams and resorbed fetuses, abnormality of fetal bone ossification, and number of fetuses with a hematoma. GSE showed positive effects on the pregnant mice and the developing fetuses. Moreover, it counteracted the detrimental effects of ZEN in dams and fetuses. It could be concluded that polyphenols in GSE are a promising candidate to protect against ZEN toxicity in highly endemic areas.
Abstract
Background
This experiment tested the impact of the combined supplementation of glycerol monolaurate (GLM) and oregano essential oil (EO) to broiler diets. Growth performance, metabolic ...response, immune status, apparent ileal digestibility coefficient (AID%), and intestinal histomorphology were assessed. Three-day-old Ross-308 broilers (76.62 g ± 0.50
, n
= 240) were randomly allocated into 4 experimental groups (6 replicates/group and 10 chicks/replicate). Birds were fed corn-soybean meal basal diets supplemented with four levels of GLM and oregano EO blend: 0, 0.15, 0.45, and 0.75% for 35 days.
Results
During the starter period, dietary GLM and oregano EO did not show significant (
P >
0.05) changes in growth performance. During the grower period, GLM and oregano EO supplemented groups showed a linear and quadratic decline in FCR. During the finisher and overall performance, a linear increase in the body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), the protein efficiency ratio (PER), and relative growth rate (RGR), and a linear decrease in the FCR at 0.75% dietary level of GLM and oregano EO compared to the control. The broken-line regression model showed that the optimum dietary level of GLM and oregano EO blend was 0.58% based on final BW and FCR. The 0.45% or 0.15% dietary level of supplemented additives lowered (
P
< 0.05) the AID% of threonine and arginine, respectively, with no change in the AID% of other assessed amino acids at all dietary levels. Muscle thickness in jejunum and ileum in all dietary supplemented groups was increased (
P
< 0.05); however, such increase (
P
< 0.05) in the duodenum was shown at 0.45 and 0.75% dietary levels. All GLM and oregano EO supplemented groups showed increased (
P
< 0.05) duodenal, jejunal, and ileal villus height. The 0.15 and/or 0.75% dietary levels of supplemented additives increased (
P
< 0.05) the ileal and duodenal crypt depth, respectively, with a decreased (
P
< 0.05) duodenal crypt depth at 0.15% dietary level. The goblet cell count in ileum decreased (
P
< 0.05) in all GLM and oregano EO supplemented groups, but this decreased count (
P
< 0.05) was detected in jejunum at 0.45 and 0.75% dietary levels. The GLM and oregano EO supplemented groups did not show significant (
P >
0.05) changes in the assessed metabolic and immune status parameters. Economically, the total return and performance index was increased at 0.75% dietary level.
Conclusion
Better growth performance was achieved at a 0.75 % dietary level of GLM and oregano EO by improving most intestinal morphometric measures. The optimum dietary level detected was 0.58%. The lack of influence of supplemented additives on chickens' immune and metabolic responses could indicate a lack of synergy between GLM and oregano EO.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study evaluates the antitumor efficacy of hesperidin (Hesp) versus cisplatin (Cis) in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice, as well as its protective effect against Cis-triggered ...nephrotoxicity. Seventy female mice were allocated into control, Hesp, EAC, Hesp-protected, Hesp-treated, Cis-treated, and Cis+Hesp-treated groups. The inoculation of mice with EAC cells significantly reduced the mean survival time, while significantly increased the body weight, abdominal circumference, ascitic fluid volume, viable tumor cell count, and serum carcinoembryonic antigen, urea and creatinine levels, besides various hematological changes. Additionally, kidney tissue of EAC-bearing mice showed a significant increase in the malondialdehyde level, significant decreases in the reduced glutathione content and catalase activity, marked pathological alterations, and a strong Ki-67 expression with a weak caspase-3 expression in neoplastic cells infiltrating the renal capsule. Conversely, the administration of Hesp and/or Cis to the EAC-bearing mice induced, to various degrees, antitumor responses and alleviated the cytotoxic effects of EAC. In addition to the potent antitumor effect of the concomitant administration of Hesp and Cis, Hesp minimized the renal adverse side effects of Cis. In conclusion, Hesp may open new avenues for safe and effective cancer therapy and could be valuable for enhancing the antitumor potency and minimizing the renal adverse side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs.
The potential effects of anthocyanin-rich roselle,
L. extract (ARRE) on the growth, carcass traits, intestinal histomorphology, breast muscle composition, blood biochemical parameters, antioxidant ...activity, and immune status of broiler chickens were evaluated. In the present study,
acidified ethanolic extract was reported to have a total anthocyanin content of about 359.3 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside/100 g DW, total polyphenol concentration (TPC) of about 598 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g DW, and total flavonoids (TFs) of about 100 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/100 g DW. Two-hundred-fifty one-day-old chicks (Ross 308 broiler) (87.85 gm ± 0.32) were randomly allotted to five experimental groups and fed on basal diets supplemented with five levels of ARRE: 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg Kg
for 35 days. Dietary ARRE addition did not improve the birds' growth and carcass traits. Supplemental ARRE increased the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (ω-3) percentage in the breast muscle. Dietary ARRE increased the villous height, and the ARRE100 group raised the villus height to crypt depth ratio. Dietary ARRE increased the immunoexpression of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the spleen. The serum thyroxine hormone (T4) level was higher in the ARRE200 group. The serum growth hormone level was increased by ARRE addition in a level-dependent manner. According to the broken-line regression analysis, the optimum inclusion level of ARRE was 280 mg Kg
. All levels of supplemental ARRE decreased the serum triglyceride level. The serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was increased in the ARRE100-ARRE400 groups, the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) level was increased in the ARRE200 group, and the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level was decreased by increasing the ARRE level. Supplemental ARRE significantly increased the serum levels of lysozymes and IL10. The serum complement 3 (C3) level was increased in ARRE200 and ARRE400 groups. It can be concluded that dietary ARRE addition had many beneficial effects represented by the improvements in the bird's metabolic functions, blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, antioxidant activity, immune status, and higher ω-3 content in the breast muscles. However, it had no improving effect on the birds' growth.
The need to replace antibiotics in aquafeed is increasing, and alternative safe substances are now encouraged for sustainable aquaculture activity. Curcumin is regarded as a multifunctional feed ...additive with growth-promoting and immunostimulant potential. Thus, this study evaluated dietary inclusion of curcumin at rates of 0, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% in the diets of Gilthead seabream for 150 days. The results showed an improved final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio in fish treated with curcumin, in a dose-dependent manner. The highest growth performance was observed in fish fed a diet supplemented with 3% curcumin. The results also showed lowered activity of pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio spp. and Faecal coliform) in the intestines of Gilthead seabream fed a diet with curcumin inclusion, in a dose-dependent manner. The hematological indices were within the normal range for healthy fish, without meaningful effects except for hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells (RBCs), and white blood cells (WBCs), which were markedly increased by dietary curcumin. Phagocytic activity was obviously enhanced by dietary curcumin, compared with the control. The biochemical blood metabolites related to liver function (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)), renal tissue (urea), and total cholesterol were within the normal values, without significant differences. Overall, the inclusion of curcumin at a rate of 2–3% improved the growth performance and well-being of Gilthead seabream.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
It is generally accepted that the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is an efficient marker of glucose accumulating during certain period in order to efficiently detect diabetes disorder. We have, ...experimentally, estimated the HbA1c level using broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BBDS) on human, normal and diabetic, blood samples (NGBSs). This technique has achieved a better understanding to the glycation processes on both the academic and the medical applications as well, e.g., we draw the attention to search for new way of diabetes treatment by eliminating the extra electric charges created due to glycation processes. The dielectric properties of NGBSs are studied using BBDS, systematically studying the dependence of BBDS on glycation growth rate GG. We have covered a frequency range from 101 Hz to 3.2 × 107 Hz. Strong Debye-relaxation (beta-relaxation) arising from RBCs forced-oscillations in that frequency range has been clearly detected. In addition, we present a theoretical model to explain the experimental results. So, we have got some theoretical relations (supported by experimental data) describing the growth rate of HbA1c as function of time: The ac-electrical conductivity and dielectric constant as function of frequency for different HbA1c concentrations during 140 days. The experimental data confirm an increase of electric charges on RBCs with glycation. The broad frequency range presents valuable new information on the dynamic processes in NGBSs; and it opens a possible way for new technique to treat glycted blood by eliminating the extra charges accumulated on the RBC due to glycation, that would eliminate the glycation at all.
•Induced electric charges with more hemoglobin glycation.•Better understandings of glycation processes when using broadband dielectric spectroscopy.•A theoretical model to explain the experimental hemoglobin glycation results.•Studying the growth rate of HbA1c and the decay rate of RBCs on the same time as function of time.•A possible way for new technique to treat glycted-blood by eliminating the extra charges.
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