Studies suggest that a substantial proportion of low-income working mothers experience work disruptions and parental stress related to child care, which may lead to increases in the risk of physical ...and psychological abuse and neglect of children. However, little research has examined the relationship between child care burden and the risk of child maltreatment among low-income working families. Using the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study 3-year data, this study explores how child care burden is associated with the risk of child maltreatment (physical aggression, psychological aggression, and neglectful behavior) among low-income working mothers. We find that instability in child care arrangements is likely to increase mothers' physical and psychological aggression, while not having someone reliable for emergency child care is likely to increase mothers' neglectful behaviors. Findings also show that the risk of child maltreatment related to child care burden measures is more significant for single mothers than married mothers. Potential policy implications are discussed.
•Unstable child care arrangements are related to child maltreatment.•Having emergency care is related to decrease in the risk of child neglect.•The child care burden–maltreatment relationship is strongest for single mothers.
Little remains known about both Asian and Asian American (A/AA) and non-Asian young adults' experiences and affective reactions regarding COVID-19 anti-Asian discrimination. To our knowledge, this is ...the first study that explores the nature and impact of COVID-19 anti-Asian discrimination within a multi-racial sample.
This study uses qualitative open-ended responses from a sub-sample of Wave I of the COVID-19 Adult Resilience Experiences Study (CARES) data collected between March to September 2020. Thematic analysis was used to explore two open-ended questions: "Are there experiences we missed in the survey so far that you wish to describe?" and "What are your thoughts about the current social climate?" The data analysis for this study focused on 113 discrimination or racism-related comments.
A total of 1331 young adults completed an online survey of which 611 provided comments; a multi-racial sample of 95 individuals (65.3% non-Asians, 24.7% A/AA) contributed 113 COVID-19 anti-Asian discrimination or racism-related comments. Two overarching themes were: types of discrimination (societal, interpersonal, intrapersonal) and affective reactions to discrimination (fear, anxiety/distress, hopelessness/depression, and avoidance). Not only did both A/AA and non-Asian participants report witnessing or hearing reports of anti-Asian discrimination, but both groups described having negative affective reactions to anti-Asian discrimination.
Anti-Asian discrimination in the face of COVID may be more widespread than initial reports indicate. Our finding suggests that anti-Asian discrimination is a societal illness that impacts all populations in the U.S. This calls for cross-racial coalitions and solidarity in the fight against discrimination and racism.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Rates of shelter use among young adults (ages 18–24) experiencing homelessness are disproportionally low, compared to youth or older adults experiencing homelessness. The high unsheltered rate ...exposes these young adults to significant short- and long-term risks, while shelter use is associated with positive and improved outcomes, including increased access to other supportive services. Few studies have focused on factors related to low rates of shelter use among young adults or on the relative importance of such factors. The present study examines a series of background and contextual factors that are associated with shelter use among young adults experiencing homelessness. Using survey data (n = 338) collected in Houston, Texas, this study employs multiple logistic regression to examine correlates of shelter use and to assess the relative importance of each factor. Results indicate several significant characteristics were positively associated with shelter use, including being female, being non-white, using other types of services, and Internet use. We highlight research, practice, and policy implications around understanding differences in shelter and drop-in center use and ensuring young adults can find and access shelters with services geared toward their age group.
•The study examines correlates of shelter use among homeless young adults.•Female and non-white young adults are more likely to use shelters.•Drop-in center use is significantly and negatively related to shelter use.•Internet use increases the odds of using a shelter.
Welfare reform devolved authority to states in designing and implementing Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and child care subsidy programs, thereby creating substantial variation in ...both programs across states. TANF and child care subsidy programs are, in theory, designed to work together to support employment among low-income families, yet we have little information on how these two programs collectively impact work and family life among the target population. This study examines the intensity of TANF work requirements and generosity of child care subsidy provisions across states and the interaction of the two programs. Overall, we find that states with stringent work requirements do not typically provide generous child care subsidies. This article discusses the implications for families, policy, and social work practice in light of our findings.
Purpose
Early exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with childhood internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems (IBP, EBP). This study investigates whether child care ...arrangement moderates associations between children’s IPV exposure and their subsequent IBP and EBP.
Method
We used four waves of national, longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Well Being Survey (
N
= 3,108) to examine the moderating role of informal, formal home-based, and center-based child care on associations between children’s IPV exposure and behavioral outcomes. Ordinary least squares regression models with interaction terms and subgroup analyses using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were employed.
Results
After adjusting for covariates, non-parental child care, compared with parental care, significantly moderated associations between children’s exposure to frequent, physical, and coercive IPV and later behavioral problems. Center-based care had the most extensive influence: the respective interactions between center-based care (vs. parental care) and frequent (β = -1.9 95% CI: -2.9, -0.8) and physical (β = -1.6 95% CI: -2.8, -0.4) IPV were significantly related to both IBP and EBP. Subgroup analyses indicated that frequent, physical, and coercive IPV were associated with both IBP and EBP for children in parental care; that low frequency, physical, and coercive IPV were associated only with increased EBP for children in home-based care; and that no measures of IPV were associated with IBP or EBP for children in center-based care.
Conclusions
Findings suggest that non-parental child care, particularly center-based care, may attenuate the negative influences of some forms of IPV on young children’s behavioral outcomes.
•Sixty-eight percent of Asian and Asian American (A/AA) young adults reported that they or their family experienced COVID-19-related discrimination and approximately 15% of respondents reported ...verbal or physical assaults.•Increases in COVID-19-related discrimination were significantly associated with an increased level of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among A/AA young adults.•Identification of mental health symptoms and dissemination and provision of culturally grounded PTSD treatment for those A/AA young adults who suffer are urgent.
This study investigates the prevalence of COVID-19-related discrimination and the extent to which COVID-19-related discrimination is associated with mental health symptoms among Asians and Asian American (A/AA) young adults during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
We used data from the COVID-19 Adult Resilience Experiences Study (CARES), a cross-sectional online survey conducted in the U.S. Out of 1,001 respondents, 211 A/AA young adults were analyzed for this study.
Sixty-eight percent of A/AA young adults reported that they or their family have experienced COVID-19-related discrimination and approximately 15% of respondents reported verbal or physical assaults. After controlling for covariates including predisposing factors, lifetime discrimination, and pre-existing mental health diagnoses, COVID-19-related discrimination was significantly associated with an increased level of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but not of anxiety or depression. Our study results suggest that COVID-19-related discrimination may contribute to PTSD symptoms among A/AA young adults.
This was cross-sectional data which was collected through online and self-report rather than clinical evaluation.
This finding adds greater urgency to develop and implement policy- and individual-level interventions to reduce race-based discrimination among A/AA.
Objective
To examine the relationships between state‐sponsored paid leave, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) generosity and participation, and material hardship among low‐income single ...women following a birth.
Background
Past research has examined the relationship between public assistance and paid leave after a birth, finding reductions in program enrollment. This research has not accounted for variation in program benefits across states and has largely overlooked implications for family well‐being.
Method
We use a sample (N = 1,174) of low‐income single women who gave birth between 1997 and 2001 from the Survey of Income and Public Program Participation and include measures of TANF generosity across states and over time that were constructed from the Welfare Rules database. A series of multivariate probit regression models are used to estimate the relationship between TANF generosity, paid leave availability, welfare participation, and material hardship while controlling for relevant individual and state‐level characteristics.
Results
Paid leave was associated with less TANF participation, but these reduction are related to the program's generosity. Paid leave, states' welfare work exemptions for mothers of infants, and TANF earnings eligibility limits were associated with a lower likelihood of experiencing some forms of material hardship.
Conclusion
Some forms of paid leave and TANF program generosity are related to reductions in TANF participation and material hardship after a birth for low‐income single women.
Implications
This study demonstrates that researchers should account for variation in TANF programs when considering changes in program enrollment associated with paid leave. Results suggest paid leave may help alleviate some forms of economic stress after a birth, which has implications for maternal, infant, and family well‐being.
•Pre-K and kindergarten absenteeism rates were high among children receiving childcare subsidies.•Absenteeism rates were lower in pre-K for children in family child care (FCC).•Absenteeism rates were ...lower in kindergarten for children enrolled in center-based care (CBC) in pre-K.•The association between pre-K and kindergarten absenteeism rates was positive for both children in FCC and CBC.•Exploratory analyses showed that the association differed by ECE program type.
As many as 48% of children in prekindergarten (pre-K) miss a month or more of the pre-K year (i.e., 10% or more of the school year), and high levels of absenteeism are associated with adverse academic and social-emotional outcomes in pre-K and in K-12. To date, no studies have examined absenteeism specifically among children receiving child care subsidies, a population of children who may be at greater risk for high absenteeism. Moreover, few studies have explored absenteeism in diverse early care and education (ECE) programs beyond public school pre-K or Head Start programs. This study uses administrative data from Massachusetts to address these gaps by (1) documenting absenteeism rates for children receiving subsidies during the pre-K year in both family child care (FCC) and center-based care (CBC) programs and in kindergarten; and (2) testing whether pre-K absenteeism is associated with kindergarten absenteeism in the full sample and by ECE program type. Results show that children enrolled in subsidized care were absent for an average 8.4% of the school year in pre-K and 5.9% of the school year in kindergarten. Absenteeism rates were lower in pre-K but slightly higher in kindergarten among children enrolled in FCCs, compared to those enrolled in CBCs (Pre-K: 7.2 versus 8.7%; Kindergarten: 6.2 vs 5.8%, respectively). Results from multilevel regression analyses showed that the associations between pre-K and kindergarten absenteeism were positive for children enrolled in both CBC and FCC programs. By documenting the prevalence of absenteeism among a sample of children receiving child care subsidies in diverse ECE programs, this study provides implications for ECE and child care subsidy research, policy, and practice.
This article explores the duration and effect of child‐care subsidy use among low‐income working mothers in Wisconsin. Using an event‐history model, the study finds that mothers are likely to cycle ...on and off subsidy systems and that their subsidy spells tend to end relatively quickly. Results from a Tobit model with a lagged dependent variable suggest that long‐term use of child‐care subsidies is associated with increases in mothers’ earnings.
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