Komunikacijske su teškoće kod osoba s traumatskom ozljedom mozga različite, uzimajući u obzir rasprostranjenost ozljede, vrstu udaraca i težinu traumatskog oštećenja mozga. Cilj ovoga rada, i u tu ...svrhu provedenog istraživanja, bila je procjena komunikacijskih sposobnosti osoba s traumatskim oštećenjem mozga na verbalnom, gestovnom i grafičkom modalitetu primjenom Porch indeksa komunikacijskih sposobnosti (Porch Index of Communicative Ability, PICA, B. E. Porch, 1981) prevedenog i prilagođenog hrvatskom jeziku. Ispitivanje je provedeno na 14 ispitanika obaju spolova, u dobi od 21 do 62 godine, kroz tri vremenska razdoblja u razmaku od tri mjeseca, kako bi se pratio napredak ispitanika kroz ponovljena ispitivanja. Svi su ispitanici bili na liječenju i rehabilitaciji u Specijalnoj bolnici za medicinsku rehabilitaciju u Krapinskim Toplicama. Prikupljeni su podatci obrađeni univarijantno i multivarijntno. Korišten je Friedmanov neparametrijski test za testiranje značajnosti razlika aritmetičkih sredina malih zavisnih uzoraka. Za analizu sustava varijabli kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih promjena jednog uzorka u dvije vremenske točke korišten je program PROM (Nikolić, 1997). Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na najmanji stupanj oporavka u verbalnom modalitetu. Gestovni modalitet je značajno oštećen u početnim ispitivanjima, ali se pod utjecajem terapije brže oporavlja. Grafički modalitet opisuju najlošiji rezultati zbog pareza ili plegija ekstremiteta. Rezultati ukazuju i na važnost zastupljenosti određenog modaliteta u ranoj rehabilitaciji komunikacijskih poteškoća nakon ozljede mozga.
Communication abilities can be affected differently by traumatic brain injury because of differences in the types of impact and the types and severity of brain lesions. The present study used a Croatian version of the Porch Index of Communicative Ability (Porch, 1981) to assess verbal, gesticular and graphic communication abilities in persons with traumatic brain injuries (in 14 men and women aged 21-62 years). Assessments were performed three times at intervals of 3 months during rehabilitation at a specialized clinic in Krapinske Toplice. Data were analyzed using uni- and multivariate analyses. The Friedman nonparametric test was used to assess the significance of differences between small dependent samples. PROM software (Nikolić, 1997) was used to compare quantitative and qualitative changes between two time points within one sample. The results indicate that rehabilitation was more effective for gesticular abilities, less effective for verbal abilities, and least effective for graphic abilities, reflecting the presence of pareses and plegias of extremities. The results point to the importance of targeting certain communication abilities during early rehabilitation after brain injury.
Communication abilities can be affected differently by traumatic brain injury because of differences in the types of impact and the types and severity of brain lesions. The present study used a ...Croatian version of the Porch Index of Communicative Ability (Porch, 1981) to assess verbal, gesticular and graphic communication abilities in persons with traumatic brain injuries (in 14 men and women aged 21-62 years). Assessments were performed three times at intervals of 3 months during rehabilitation at a specialized clinic in Krapinske Toplice. Data were analyzed using uni- and multivariate analyses. The Friedman nonparametric test was used to assess the significance of differences between small dependent samples. PROM software (Nikolic, 1997) was used to compare quantitative and qualitative changes between two time points within one sample. The results indicate that rehabilitation was more effective for gesticular abilities, less effective for verbal abilities, and least effective for graphic abilities, reflecting the presence of pareses and plegias of extremities. The results point to the importance of targeting certain communication abilities during early rehabilitation after brain injury. Key words: traumatic brain injury, communications difficulties, Porch Index of Communiciative Abitlity. Sazetak: Komunikacijske su teskoce kod osoba s traumatskom ozljedom mozga razlicite, uzimajuci u obzir rasprostranjenost ozljede, vrstu udaraca i tezinu traumatskog ostecenja mozga. Cilj ovoga rada, i u tu svrhu provedenog istrazivanja, bila je procjena komunikacijskih sposobnosti osoba s traumatskim ostecenjem mozga na verbalnom, gestovnom i grafickom modalitetu primjenom Porch indeksa komunikacijskih sposobnosti (Porch Index of Communicative Ability, PICA, B. E. Porch, 1981) prevedenog i prilagodenog hrvatskom jeziku. Ispitivanje je provedeno na 14 ispitanika obaju spolova, u dobi od 21 do 62 godine, kroz tri vremenska razdoblja u razmaku od tri mjeseca, kako bi se pratio napredak ispitanika kroz ponovljena ispitivanja. Svi su ispitanici bili na lijecenju i rehabilitaciji u Specijalnoj bolnici za medicinsku rehabilitaciju u Krapinskim Toplicama. Prikupljeni su podatci obradeni univarijantno i multivarijntno. Koristen je Friedmanov neparametrijski test za testiranje znacajnosti razlika aritmetickih sredina malih zavisnih uzoraka. Za analizu sustava varijabli kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih promjena jednog uzorka u dvije vremenske tocke koristen je program PROM (Nikolic, 1997). Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na najmanji stupanj oporavka u verbalnom modalitetu. Cestovni modalitet je znacajno ostecen u pocetnim ispitivanjima, ali se pod utjecajem terapije brze oporavlja. Graficki modalitet opisuju najlosiji rezultati zbog pareza ili plegija ekstremiteta. Rezultati ukazuju i na vaznost zastupljenosti odredenog modaliteta u ranoj rehabilitaciji komunikacijskih poteskoca nakon ozljede mozga. Kljucne rijeci: traumatsko ostecenje mozga, komunikacijske teskoce, Porch indeks komunikacijskih sposobnosti.
Communication abilities can be affected differently by traumatic brain injury because of differences in the types of impact and the types and severity of brain lesions. The present study used a ...Croatian version of the Porch Index of Communicative Ability (Porch, 1981) to assess verbal, gesticular and graphic communication abilities in persons with traumatic brain injuries (in 14 men and women aged 21-62 years). Assessments were performed three times at intervals of 3 months during rehabilitation at a specialized clinic in Krapinske Toplice. Data were analyzed using uni- and multivariate analyses. The Friedman nonparametric test was used to assess the significance of differences between small dependent samples. PROM software (Nikolić, 1997) was used to compare quantitative and qualitative changes between two time points within one sample. The results indicate that rehabilitation was more effective for gesticular abilities, less effective for verbal abilities, and least effective for graphic abilities, reflecting the presence of pareses and plegias of extremities. The results point to the importance of targeting certain communication abilities during early rehabilitation after brain injury.
Moždani udar je klinički sindrom karakteriziran naglim razvojem žarišnog neurološkog deficita, vaskularne geneze (infarkt ili hemoragija), a simptomi koreliraju s veličinom i mjestom oštećenja mozga, ...ali i s vremenom proteklim od nastanka moždanog udara do trenutka procjene. Rehabilitacija osoba s moždanim udarom treba početi tijekom akutnog liječenja u jedinicama za moždani udar. Po završetku akutnog liječenja potrebno je započeti s početnom rehabilitacijom u bolnici, ambulantno ili u domu bolesnika. Indikacije za neurološku rehabilitaciju su: smanjenje aktivnosti u pokretljivosti, smanjenje u aktivnostima samozbrinjavanja, komunikaciji, kontroli stolice i mokrenja, kontroli žvakanja i gutanja. Kontraindikacije za neurološku rehabilitaciju su: febrilna stanja, akutne zarazne bolesti, teški psihički poremećaji, patološka trudnoća, imobilizacija kod koje nije moguće provoditi rehabilitaciju, komplicirani tijek koronarne bolesti, kardijalna dekompenzacija, teški poremećaji srčanog ritma, kardiovaskularne aneurizme, kavuma lijeve klijetke preko 6 cm, teška oštećenja jetre i bubrega, zloćudne bolesti u stanjima egzacerbacije i dekompenzacije. Rehabilitacijskom intervencijom koja uključuje dijagnostiku, medikamentoznu terapiju, fizikalnu terapiju, primjenu ortopedskih i drugih medicinskih pomagala, radnu terapiju, logopedske vježbe, kognitivni trening, medicinsku njegu, prehranu i smještaj, realno je očekivati poboljšanje funkcionalnosti bolesnika i njihovo kvalitetnije uključivanje u obitelj, radnu i širu društvenu zajednicu.
Smjernice za rano prepoznavanje, dijagnostiku i terapiju neurogene orofaringealne disfagije nastale su suradnjom kliničara različitih disciplina koji se bave brojnim aspektima skrbi o bolesnicima s ...neurogenom orofaringealnom disfagijom (NOD). U izradi smjernica sudjelovali su predstavnici Hrvatskog društva za kliničku prehranu Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora (HLZ-a), Hrvatskoga neurološkog društva HLZ-a, Hrvatskoga gastroenterološkog društva i Hrvatskog društva nutricionista i dijetetičara. Smjernice imaju cilj povećati svijest o NOD-u koji se javlja kod akutnih i kroničnih neuroloških bolesti, posebice kod moždanog udara, ekstrapiramidnih bolesti, neuromuskularnih i demijelinizacijskih bolesti te demencija. Nadalje, smjernice donose detaljan opis dijagnostike disfagije te preporučuju osnivanje multidisciplinarnog tima za disfagiju u kojem sudjeluju neurolozi, internisti, logopedi, dijetetičari, farmaceuti i medicinske sestre s posebnim kompetencijama na području NOD-a. Educirani član tima provodi dijagnostiku i rehabilitaciju u skladu s provjerenim alatima, klasifikacijama i kategorizacijama prikazanim u ovim smjernicama kako bi se omogućilo sustavno i izjednačeno postupanje. Smjernice donose i detaljne algoritme uvođenja nutritivne potpore – od primjene hrane promijenjene teksture, pravilne hidracije do artificijalne prehrane (enteralne i parenteralne).
Wheat bran is a by‐product rich in bioactive compounds, but possess a strong polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, which can act undesirably on product quality. This study aimed to optimize the particle ...size (500, 255, and 10 µm) of wheat bran and time and amplitude of high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU) treatment on the PPO activity, total phenolics, antioxidant activity, and water swelling using response surface methodology. The PPO activity decreased depending on the particle size and HIU treatment time. Phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and swelling were dependent on bran particle size. Temperature rise, depending on the HIU time and amplitude, affected PPO, phenolics, and antioxidants. In optimized conditions (particle size 10 µm, HIU 15 min), 93% of bran PPO was inactivated while phenolic content increased for 11%. Wheat flour combined with micronized and ultrasonically treated bran (at 20% wt/wt) had improved gluten formation and pasting properties compared with flour containing native bran.
Practical applications
Consumers show a growing awareness of health benefits of whole wheat and high‐fiber foods. Bran is a by‐product of milling industry with a great potential as a functional food ingredient. However, the enzymatic browning of bran containing products that occur during processing worsens their sensory properties, nutritional value, and consumers’ acceptance. Currently, new technologies such as micronization and ultrasound treatment are getting more attention in cereal processing. This study showed that the combined micronization and high‐intensity ultrasound treatment can successfully inactivate the polyphenol oxidase (up to 93%) from wheat bran, and thus, prevent the enzymatic browning. Also, treated bran can be successfully incorporated up to 20% to wheat flour with lesser disruption of the gluten formation and pasting properties when compared with the native bran. The findings of this study contribute to better future usages of wheat bran in food applications adding the sustainability of cereal chain.
Ferrets are highly susceptible to a wide range of mycobacteria, mainly
,
, and
. Therefore, ferrets pose a risk of transmission of mycobacteriosis, especially zoonotically relevant tuberculosis. The ...aim of this study was to describe the findings of
mycobacteriosis in a pet ferret and emphasize its zoonotic potential. A pet ferret had a history of weight loss, apathy, hyporexia, and hair loss. Abdominal ultrasound revealed splenomegaly with two solid masses and cystic lesions of the liver. Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed numerous acid-fast bacilli in epithelioid cells, thus leading to the suspicion of mycobacterial infection. Because of its poor general condition, the ferret was euthanized. Necropsy examination revealed generalized granulomatous lymphadenitis, pneumonia, myocarditis, splenitis, and hepatitis. Histologically, in all organs, there were multifocal to coalescing areas of inflammatory infiltration composed of epithelioid macrophages, a low number of lymphocytes, and plasma cells, without necrosis nor multinucleated giant cells. Ziehl-Neelsen staining detected the presence of numerous (multibacillary) acid-fast bacteria, which were PCR-typed as
. This is the first study showing the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of
in veterinary medicine, describing the resistance to doxycycline. Overall, our results could facilitate further diagnosis and provide guidelines for the treatment protocols for such infections.
Two new trans-(3R,4R)-amino-β-lactam derivatives and their diastereoisomeric mixtures were synthesized as ezetimibe bioisosteres and tested in in vitro and in vivo experiments as novel β-lactam ...cholesterol absorption inhibitors. Both compounds exhibited low cytotoxicity in MDCKII, hNPC1L1/MDCKII, and HepG2 cell lines and potent inhibitory effect in hNPC1L1/MDCKII cells. In addition, these compounds markedly reduced cholesterol absorption in mice, resulting in reduced cholesterol concentrations in plasma, liver, and intestine. We determined the crystal structure of one amino-β-lactam derivative to establish unambiguously both the absolute and relative configuration at the new stereogenic centre C17, which was assigned to be S. The pKa values for both compounds are 9.35, implying that the amino-β-lactam derivatives and their diastereoisomeric mixtures are in form of ammonium salt in blood and the intestine. The IC50 value for the diastereoisomeric mixture is 60 μM. In vivo, it efficiently inhibited cholesterol absorption comparable to ezetimibe.
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•We synthesized two novel 3-amino-β-lactam derivatives.•X-ray structure of one novel compound was determined.•Both novel compounds are in the form of NH4+ salt in blood and intestine.•Novel compounds efficiently inhibit cholesterol absorption in vitro and in vivo.
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The β-lactam cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe is so far the only representative of this class of compounds on the market today. The goal of this work was to synthesize new ...amide ezetimibe analogs from trans-3-amino-(3R,4R)-β-lactam and to test their cytotoxicity and activity as cholesterol absorption inhibitors. We synthesized six new amide ezetimibe analogs. All new compounds exhibited low toxicity in MDCKIIwt, hNPC1L1/MDCKII and HepG2 cell lines and showed significant inhibition of cholesterol uptake in hNPC1L1/MDCKII cells. In addition, we determined the activity of the three compounds to inhibit cholesterol absorption in vivo. Our results demonstrate that these compounds considerably reduce cholesterol concentrations in liver and small intestine of mice. Thus, our newly synthesized amide ezetimibe analogs are cholesterol absorption inhibitors in vitro and in vivo.
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