During July 7-11, 2023, CDC received reports of two patients in different states with a tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis following spinal surgical procedures that used bone allografts containing live ...cells from the same deceased donor. An outbreak associated with a similar product manufactured by the same tissue establishment (i.e., manufacturer) occurred in 2021. Because of concern that these cases represented a second outbreak, CDC and the Food and Drug Administration worked with the tissue establishment to determine that this product was obtained from a donor different from the one implicated in the 2021 outbreak and learned that the bone allograft product was distributed to 13 health care facilities in seven states. Notifications to all seven states occurred on July 12. As of December 20, 2023, five of 36 surgical bone allograft recipients received laboratory-confirmed TB disease diagnoses; two patients died of TB. Whole-genome sequencing demonstrated close genetic relatedness between positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures from surgical recipients and unused product. Although the bone product had tested negative by nucleic acid amplification testing before distribution, M. tuberculosis culture of unused product was not performed until after the outbreak was recognized. The public health response prevented up to 53 additional surgical procedures using allografts from that donor; additional measures to protect patients from tissue-transmitted M. tuberculosis are urgently needed.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
We investigated genome folding across the eukaryotic tree of life. We find four general manifestations of genome organization at chromosome-scale that each emerge and disappear repeatedly over the ...course of evolution. The type of genome folding an organism possesses correlates with the absence of condensin II subunits. Condensin II depletion indeed converts the folding of the human genome to a state that resembles genome organization in organisms such as fungi or insects. In this state centromeres cluster together at nucleoli, and heterochromatin domains merge. We propose a physical model in which lengthwise compaction of chromosomes by condensin II during mitosis determines chromosome-scale genome organization, which is retained during the subsequent interphase. This mechanism likely is conserved since the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes.
Comparison of species from across the tree of life reveals that chromosome-scale genome organization during interphase is established by mitotic condensin II.
Benzopyrans (
2) and (
4) were produced by an endophytic fungus
Curvularia sp. associated to
Ocotea corymbosa, a native plant of Brazilian Cerrado. The structures of the derivatives were established ...on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, mainly using 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Analyses of biological activities were carried out on a human cervix tumor cell line aimed at evaluation of potential effects on a mammalian cell line proliferation. Only
2 showed a significant activity.
An isolate of
Curvularia sp. was obtained from the leaves of
Ocotea corymbosa, a native plant of the Brazilian Cerrado. The ethyl acetate extract from culture of this fungus afforded two benzopyran derivatives: (2′
S)-2-(propan-2′-ol)-5-hydroxy-benzopyran-4-one (
2) and 2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-benzopyran-4,5-diol (
4); and two known benzopyrans: 2-methyl-5-methoxy-benzopyran-4-one (
1) and (2
R)-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-5-methoxy-benzopyran-4-one (
3). The structures of
2 and
4 were established on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, mainly using 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The benzopyrans
1 and
2 showed weak in vitro antifungal activity against
Cladosporium sphaerospermum and
C.
cladosporioides. Analyses of the biological activities were also carried out on HeLa (human cervix tumor) and CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells, aiming to evaluate their potential effects on mammalian cell line proliferation. Results from both cell lines indicated that compound
2 was able to induce cell proliferation: 70% on HeLa cells and 25% on CHO cells.
To validate the WHO maternal near-miss criteria and develop a benchmark tool for severe maternal morbidity assessments. In a multicenter cross-sectional study implemented in 27 referral maternity ...hospitals in Brazil, a one-year prospective surveillance on severe maternal morbidity and data collection was carried out. Diagnostic accuracy tests were used to assess the validity of the WHO maternal near-miss criteria. Binary logistic regression was used to model the death probability among women with severe maternal complications and benchmark the management of severe maternal morbidity. Of the 82,388 women having deliveries in the participating health facilities, 9,555 women presented pregnancy-related complications, including 140 maternal deaths and 770 maternal near misses. The WHO maternal near-miss criteria were found to be accurate and highly associated with maternal deaths (Positive likelihood ratio 106.8 (95% CI 99.56-114.6)). The maternal severity index (MSI) model was developed and found to able to describe the relationship between life-threatening conditions and mortality (Area under the ROC curve: 0.951 (95% CI 0.909-0.993)). The identification of maternal near-miss cases using the WHO list of pregnancy-related life-threatening conditions was validated. The MSI model can be used as a tool for benchmarking the performance of health services managing women with severe maternal complications and provide case-mix adjustment.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Ever since the identification of the genetic cause of fragile X syndrome as the expansion of an unstable trinucleotide sequence, several diagnostic strategies have evolved from molecular studies. ...However, we still lack a simple test suitable for population screening. We have therefore developed a nonisotopic polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique for the identification of fragile X full mutations among men, with easy visualization of the PCR products on silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. The technique consists of PCR amplification with primers that flank the trinucleotide repeats, with a product of 557 bp for the (CGG)29 allele. Conditions were established such that full mutations failed to amplify and were thus identified with 98% sensitivity compared with Southern blot analysis. To produce an indispensable internal control we added to the reaction a third primer, internal to this fragment, allowing the multiplex amplification of a monomorphic band corresponding to a CG-rich stretch 147 bp upstream of the polymorphic region. In trials involving 41 patients and 74 controls, the PCR-based test here described showed specificity of more than 98.6%, accuracy of 99% and a sensitivity of 98%. Thus, although not suitable for medical diagnosis, it constitutes a useful tool for screening for the fragile X syndrome in populations of mentally retarded males.
With >36 years of data collected, PIDTC prospective (6901) and retrospective (6902) natural history studies provide an unprecedented opportunity to study hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) ...outcomes for SCID over time.
Patients in this 6901/6902 analysis met PIDTC diagnostic criteria for SCID and underwent HCT. Categorial variables were analyzed between decades (a) 1982-89 (b) 1990-99 (c) 2000-09 (d) 2010-18 using the chi-square test. Continuous outcomes were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Kaplan-Meier method was used for estimates of overall survival (OS).
896 children with typical (n=742) and atypical (n=154) SCID requiring HCT between 1982-2018 were enrolled. Diagnosis of SCID for reasons other than family history or newborn screening was common (60%) in early cohorts (a-c) dropping to 30% in cohort (d). Distribution of SCID genotypes changed over time (Fig 1), and novel/unknown genotypes also decreased from (a) 53% to (d) 13%, p<0.001. Due to the rise of gene therapy, there were fewer patients with adenosine deaminase deficient SCID receiving HCT in cohort (d) compared to prior decades. Median age at HCT has decreased, from 193 to 112 days of life, p<0.001. While marrow was the most common stem cell source in the 1980’s (95%), currently peripheral blood stem cells and cord blood are given to 46% of patients (p<0.001). The increased use of unrelated donors parallels a decrease in mismatched related donors (Fig 2a; p<0.001). In univariate analysis, use of conditioning has increased from 12% in the 1980’s to 65% currently (Fig 2b, p<0.001); contributing factors that will be evaluated in upcoming multivariate analyses include genotype, typical vs atypical SCID, and donor type. Day +100 cumulative incidence of grades 3-4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has dropped, from 9.6% to 5.9% (p=0.02). OS has markedly improved in the last decade (Fig 3a), with 1- and 5-year OS being 90 and 87%, respectively (p=0.02). In particular, gains have been made in OS when using alternative donors (p=0.02) (Fig 3c,d) while OS for matched sibling HCT remains high (Fig 3b).
This longitudinal data set, spanning the implementation of NBS and advancements in diagnostics and supportive care, highlights improved OS after HCT for SCID, including alternative donors. Exploration of decreased toxicity approaches that maintain high OS and engraftment are warranted.
Religions et médias Abi Tamer, Josette; Adib Doss, Maria; Antoine, Frédéric ...
Revue française des sciences de l'information et de la communication,
06/2018
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
L’objectif de ce dossier du numéro 13 de la Revue française des sciences de l’information et de la communication est de faire le point sur la recherche francophone sur les religions et les médias, ...voire de contribuer à la réactiver. Ce numéro voudrait en effet interroger les discours médiatiques sur le religieux, mais aussi la façon dont les religions s’approprient et se sont approprié les médias. Les religions rencontrent en effet les médias en deux endroits : dans l’information que ces derniers donnent à leur propos (Cohen, Buddenbaum) et dans la façon dont elles-mêmes s’emparent de ceux-ci, en créant leurs propres médias… en savoir +
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