Examine how women aged 35–50 respond to messages about limiting cancer screening.
A national sample of women aged 35–50 (n = 983) were randomly assigned to read one of four media vignettes: three ...provided information about potential harms of mammograms using evidence, norms, or an anecdote strategy, and one provided no such information. Participants listed thoughts they had about the message, and after coding these themes, we tested for associations between the themes evoked, message exposure, and mammogram history.
Thematic categories included emotions (8 %); behavioral intentions (14 %); and cognitions, attitudes, and beliefs (67 %). Pro-screening attitudes, questioning, and cues to get screened were most prevalent. The anecdote message often elicited pro-screening attitudes, while the evidence message often elicited negative emotions and anger, as well as questioning or skeptical responses. Those with a history of mammograms expressed more pro-screening attitudes and disagreed with the message more often.
Media messaging about guideline-supported care, especially when it involves reducing a clinical service that is routine and valued by patients, may evoke counterarguing, skepticism, and other negative responses.
Clinicians should recognize the role of the media in potentially shaping women’s attitudes, beliefs, and intentions when it comes to breast cancer screening.
•Respondents expressed emotional, behavioral, and cognitive responses to media vignettes about breast cancer screening.•The media vignettes aroused thoughts, attitudes, and beliefs more often than emotions and behavioral intentions.•Messages describing limiting screening promoted pro-screening thoughts and raised questions.•Women’s screening routines may be related to their response to news media messages about screening.
The photoswitching and competitive processes of two photochromic dithienylethenes (DTEs) functionalized at both sides with 2-ureido-41H-pyrimidone (UPy) quadruple hydrogen-bonding recognition ...patterns have been investigated with NMR experiments, ultrafast spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The originality of these molecules is their ability to form large supramolecular assemblies induced by light for the closed form (CF) species while the open form (OF) species exist as small oligomers. Photochromic parameters have been determined and photochemical pathways have been rationalized with clear distinction between the antiparallel (OF-AP) and parallel (OF-P) species. A new photocyclization pathway via triplet manifold has been evidenced. The effect of the supramolecular assembly on the photochemical response is discussed. Unlike the photoreversion process, which is unaffected by supramolecular assembly, rate constants of the photocyclization reaction and intersystem crossing process are sensitive to the presence of small OF oligomers.
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a serine esterase that plays a role in the detoxification of natural as well as synthetic ester-bond-containing compounds. Alterations in BChE activity are associated ...with a number of diseases. Cholinergic system abnormalities in particular are correlated with the formation of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and administration of cholinesterase inhibitors is a common therapeutic approach used to treat AD.
Here, our aim was to study the interaction between BChE and fluoxetine.
Molecular docking simulations revealed that fluoxetine penetrated deep into the active-site gorge of BChE and that it was engaged in stabilizing noncovalent interactions with multiple subsites. In substrate kinetic studies, the V
m
, K
m
, k
cat
and k
cat
/K
m
values were found to be 20.59 ± 0.36 U mg
−1
protein, 194 ± 14 µM, 1.3 × 10
8
s
−1
and 6.7 × 10
5
µM
−1
s
−1
, respectively. Based on inhibitory studies, fluoxetine appeared to inhibit BChE competitively, with an IC
50
value of 104 µM and a K
i
value of 36.3 ± 4.7 µM.
Overall, both the low K
i
value and the high number of BChE-fluoxetine interactions suggest that fluoxetine is a potent inhibitor of BChE, although in vivo mechanisms for the direct effects of BChE inhibition on various pathologies remain to be further investigated.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The purpose of this study is to explore existing research on determinants of cervical cancer screening among immigrants and refugees in the U.S. A scoping review was conducted on 77 studies targeting ...immigrant and/or refugee women in the U.S., investigating factors related to cervical cancer screening. Sixty-three percent of studies were conducted in the past ten years, and included 122,345 women. Studies predominately explored knowledge, beliefs and barriers related to cervical cancer and screening. Common beliefs included fear of cancer, treatment and death. Participants perceived pap smears to be associated with embarrassment, pain and fear. Barriers to screening were reported in three categories: psychosocial (shame and embarrassment), communication (inability to speak in English), and barriers related to access (lack of insurance or primary care provider). Study findings indicate research focused at the individual-level and future research should focus on exploring multilevel influences on cancer screening uptake.
Change detection from synthetic aperture radar images becomes a key technique to detect change area related to some phenomenon as flood and deformation of the earth surface. This paper proposes a ...transfer learning and Residual Network with 18 layers (ResNet-18) architecture-based method for change detection from two synthetic aperture radar images. Before the application of the proposed technique, batch denoising using convolutional neural network is applied to the two input synthetic aperture radar image for speckle noise reduction. To validate the performance of the proposed method, three known synthetic aperture radar datasets (Ottawa; Mexican and for Taiwan Shimen datasets) are exploited in this paper. The use of these datasets is important because the ground truth is known, and this can be considered as the use of numerical simulation. The detected change image obtained by the proposed method is compared using two image metrics. The first metric is image quality index that measures the similarity ratio between the obtained image and the image of the ground truth, the second metrics is edge preservation index, it measures the performance of the method to preserve edges. Finally, the method is applied to determine the changed area using two Sentinel 1 B synthetic aperture radar images of Eddahbi dam situated in Morocco.
The photoswitching and competitive processes of the referent photochromic diarylethene derivative 1,2-bis(2,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (DTE) and a novel bridged analog DTE-m5 ...have been investigated by state-of-the-art TD-DFT calculations and ultrafast spectroscopy supported by advanced chemometric data treatments. Focusing on DTE, the overall deactivation pathway of both antiparallel (AP) and parallel (P) conformers of the open form (OF) (1 : 1 in solution) has been resolved and rationalized starting from the Franck-Condon (FC) region to the ground state recovery. For the photo-excited P conformer, after ultrafast relaxation (∼200 fs) towards the S
relaxed state, an expected ISC occurred (55 ps) to produce a triplet state,
P, the latter relaxing within 2.5 μs. Concerning the AP conformer, the photocyclization reaction is reported to proceed immediately (100 fs) starting from the FC region while the relaxed singlet state is populated in parallel. For the first time, we discovered that the latter state evolves through an unexpected ISC process (1 ps) giving rise to a second triplet state,
AP. For DTE-m5, by slightly constraining the molecule with the bridge, this triplet becomes reactive and participates in the formation of 10% of closed form (CF) probably through an adiabatic mechanism. Concerning the photoreversion, in accordance with the literature, we report on a two-step process, a 190 fs vibrational relaxation followed by a 6 ps ring-opening reaction. For the overall species at the singlet or triplet manifold, the use of advanced MCR-ALS allows us to obtain specific spectral signatures. This study is therefore a new step within the comprehension of DTE photochemistry.
Abstract
Background
Among adults with cancer, malnutrition is associated with decreased treatment completion, more treatment harms and use of health care, and worse short-term survival. To inform the ...National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention workshop, “Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes,” this systematic review examined the evidence for the effectiveness of providing nutrition interventions before or during cancer therapy to improve outcomes of cancer treatment.
Methods
We identified randomized controlled trials enrolling at least 50 participants published from 2000 through July 2022. We provide a detailed evidence map for included studies and grouped studies by broad intervention and cancer types. We conducted risk of bias (RoB) and qualitative descriptions of outcomes for intervention and cancer types with a larger volume of literature.
Results
From 9798 unique references, 206 randomized controlled trials from 219 publications met the inclusion criteria. Studies primarily focused on nonvitamin or mineral dietary supplements, nutrition support, and route or timing of inpatient nutrition interventions for gastrointestinal or head and neck cancers. Most studies evaluated changes in body weight or composition, adverse events from cancer treatment, length of hospital stay, or quality of life. Few studies were conducted within the United States. Among intervention and cancer types with a high volume of literature (n = 114), 49% (n = 56) were assessed as high RoB. Higher-quality studies (low or medium RoB) reported mixed results on the effect of nutrition interventions across cancer and treatment-related outcomes.
Conclusions
Methodological limitations of nutrition intervention studies surrounding cancer treatment impair translation of findings into clinical practice or guidelines.
Using a combination of advanced DFT/TDDFT calculations together with ultrafast and stationary spectroscopies we have investigated the photochemistry and cationic complexation ability of ...1-pyridinio-benzimidazolate (PyB) and analogs substituted by 15-aza-5-crown (PyB-Aza) or dimethyl-amino groups (PyB-DiMe). Focusing on PyB-Aza, the first aim was to assess the competitive complexation of the imidazole bridge vs. the macrocycle. In acetonitrile, it was found by absorption and emission that the imidazole moiety binds efficiently through lateral electrostatic interaction of high charge density cations and especially Ca(2+) to form a 1 : 1, metal : ligand (M : L) complex. Modulation of the complexation toward para substitution of the phenyl ring with a donor group is reported with values ranging from log K = 3.4 to 6.8. Complexation values are properly predicted by DFT calculations. From a photochemical point of view, for the same series, the trend is parallel to the rate of the photo-release process, found to be less than 200 femtosecond (fs), the fastest photorelease characteristic time reported so far. Unlike photoinduced charge transfer molecules linked with an aza-crown group, the mechanism appears simpler with no participation of loose complexes due to the macrocavity effect. Relaxation mechanisms after cation ejection are discussed as well. Finally, even if any photoinduced translocation of cation is reported for the PyB-Aza molecule between two complexation sites, a discussion about the use of betaine pyridinium as a molecular tool for the smart manipulation of cation systems is initiated.
The Gulf of Gabès in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin is one of the largest continental shelves and is a highly productive area. This is in contrast to the Eastern Mediterranean Basin as a whole which ...is oligotrophic to ultraoligotrophic. Over recent years, due to increased pressure from anthropological activities, there has been a decline in the biological resources in the Gulf of Gabès. This has led scientists to focus their research on the different trophic levels of the food chain and in particular on phytoplankton. Studies dedicated to phytoplankton in the Gulf of Gabès have previously relied on conventional global approaches. This work on the other hand, examines ultraphytoplankton (<10µm) distribution at the single cell level in different water masses, during a summer cruise (2008). Three distinct water masses were identified: modified Mediterranean waters (MMW), modified Atlantic waters (MAW) and Ionian waters (IW). Despite the summer period, nutrients were abundant and non-limiting. Flow cytometry resolved five cell groups, Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, picoeukaryotes, nanoeukaryotes and a group of unidentified cells. These cells were characterised by low fluorescence signals and scatter signals larger than that of cyanobacteria and picoeukaryotes and thus were labelled LFNano for low fluorescence nanoeukaryotes. They were found in very high abundances, whereas the other usual groups were relatively low in abundance despite the favourable growth conditions. LFNano found during a 2012 summer cruise in the same area, were also sorted by flow cytometry and observed by scanning electron microscopy. Choanoflagellates were identified, and these nanoflagellates appear to account for the low abundance in the usual ultraphytoplankton group due to their efficient feeding/grazing mechanism. However, the most abundant LFNano could not be identified. Results strongly suggest a top-down control of the ecosystem, consistent with the high productivity of the Gulf that implies a rapid transfer of matter and energy to higher trophic levels.
•Oligotrophic chl a concentration contrasts with high level of living resources.•Substrates never exhausted.•Abnormally low abundance of cyanobacteria and eukaryotic ultraphytoplancton.•Co-presence of a choanoflagellate sp.•Top-down controlled ecosystem, quick transfer of production to higher trophic levels.
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