In the current study, the flow parameters around the tracking solar collectors were evaluated. Different site conditions with different tracking solar collector's geometry are combined and ...investigated. Site conditions included different wind loading due to different angles of attack and wind velocity. Collector's geometry included dish collector, parabolic trough collector and Heliostat collector. The flow parameters are estimated numerically by using a suitable computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package (ANSYS FLUENT 14) to solve the governing equations and boundary conditions. The verification of numerical results was done by comparing the numerical results with experimental results of the case of parabolic trough solar collector. The results of wind loading on all types of collectors and flow characteristics at different operation conditions are obtained and compared.
Web Based Archiving System Hameed, Khalid W.; Ahmed, Samer A.; A.Mohammed, Amir
I-Manager's Journal on Information Technology,
08/2015, Letnik:
4, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Today, people are more interested in efficiency, speed and more importantly in cost, in every walk of life. The management of work, industries, trade etc. which is called "Office work" is one of ...these. The office work may include saving information on paper in an ordered manner such that it may return to them in future. In order to overcome the difficulty in managing paper inventory and difficulty in searching for a particular document, the authors have designed and implemented an archiving system to save the burden of hard copies. The requirements had been first identified by analyzing the work nature. Upon these requirements for both the manager and user sides, the system was designed by creating a facility for each requirement, which in overall comprises the system. The designed system is easy, simple and web based. It was designed primarily based on XAMPP application and PHP language.
One of the most popular methods of fruit juice preservation is concentration since it offers a variety of advantages, like decreased volume, weight, packing, simpler transportation and handling, and ...a longer shelf life. The present paper studied the evaporation of fruit juice in single- and triple-effect evaporators using Aspen HYSYS software. The amount of juice was 3000 kg/h, and its concentration was raised from 10 to 50 °Brix. Four evaporator layouts were estimated and optimized: single-effect, modified single-effect, forward triple-effect, and triple-effect in parallel. It is a study of the effect of the temperature of saturated steam (120–300 °C) used to concentrate the juice and the pressure of the product (15–50 kPa) on the mass flow rate of steam required, economy, and overall heat transfer coefficient times area (UA) of the evaporator. The best operating conditions for each type of evaporation system were 15 kPa of the product’s pressure for all types of evaporators, 192, 240, 182, and 210 °C of the single-effect, modified single-effect, forward triple-effect, and parallel triple-effect, respectively. These operating conditions are equivalent to the steam required, economy, UA, and steam cost as follows: for each type, they were (3075, 338.4, 1224, and 1100 kg/h), (0.78, 7.1, 1.96, and 2.15), (40,182, 74,505, 539,987, 152,173 kJ/°C h), and (12.68 × 10
, 12.76 × 10
, 12.65 × 10
, and 12.73 × 10
$/h), respectively.
Microbial populations' inhabitants in crude petroleum contaminated soils were analyzed in relation with the soil characteristics. A noticeable greater decline of bacterial counts and diversity but a ...prevalence of the genus Pseudomonas over the other identified genera in the fresh contaminated soils as compared to the old ones was observed.
Forward osmosis (FO) process was applied to concentrate the orange juice. FO relies on the driving force generating from osmotic pressure difference that result from concentration difference between ...the draw solution (DS) and orange juice as feed solution (FS). This driving force makes the water to transport from orange juice across a semi-permeable membrane to the DS without any energy applied. Thermal and pressure-driven dewatering methods are widely used, but they are prohibitively energy intensive and hence, expensive. Effects of various operating conditions on flux have been investigated. Four types of salts were used in the DS, (NaCl, CaCl2, KCl, and MgSO4) as osmotic agent and the experiments were performed at the concentration of the salts in the DS ranged (3.5 – 20% by wt), the temperature of DS ranged (20 – 50oC), and the flow rate of the FS and DS ranged (1 – 4 lit/min). It was observed that the optimum operating conditions are: concentration of salt = 20% by wt for CaCl2, temperature of DS = 50oC, and the flow rate of FS = 4 lit/min where at these conditions the maximum flux was obtained equal to 13.2 lit/m2.h or the total volume of the water transferred from the juice (during 3 hours and membrane area of 0.0135 m2) was 0.535 lit. NaCl performed much higher efficiency as osmotic agent than the others salts up to the concentration of 15.2%, but after 15.2% the CaCl2 was the best.
Background: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (infliximab) have changed the therapeutic approach to ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Body mass index (BMI) and HLA-B27 status may affect the response ...to infliximab.
Methods: One hundred and seventy AS patients with active disease were enrolled in the study. Age, sex, disease duration, HLA-B27 status, and other demographics were obtained. Patients were classified according to their BMI to three groups clinical response was monitored using Bath AS disease activity index, at the time of initiation of treatment and 6 months later. Clinical response was defined as BASDAI50.
Results: At baseline, all the groups were comparable. The median BMI of the responders was 25.4 kg/m2 while for the nonresponders it was 27 kg/m2. The normal weight and overweight AS patients have achieved the BASDAI 50 response after 6 months of infliximab treatment (P < 0.001) while the obese AS patients fail to achieve this response by infliximab alone and they need another drug (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). The response was higher in HLA-B27 positive patients (42.5%) compared to the HLA-B27 negative patients (29%), the difference, however, was statistically insignificant.
Conclusion: Obese AS patients are less likely to achieve a response to infliximab than normal weight AS patients.
The structural, electronic, and optical properties of inorganic indium-based halide perovskites with new composition InACl3 (A = Ge, Sn, and Pb) are investigated in this work using density functional ...theory (DFT). These compounds are cubic in nature and their optimized lattice constants were found to be in the range 5.53–5.56 Å. The calculated band structure reveals that InGeCl3 has direct bandgap nature while InSnCl3 and InPbCl3 are having indirect bandgap. The energy band gap values are found to be 1.89 eV, 0.87 eV and 1.84 eV for InGeCl3, InSnCl3 and InPbCl3, respectively. This makes InGeCl3 an attractive option as a Pb-free material for photovoltaic applications. The semiconducting energy gaps of InSnCl3 and InPbCl3 show their suitability for solar cells. The elastic constants Cij are calculated and analyzed for studying the mechanical response of studied compounds to external forces. For the photons of 0–20 eV energy range, optical parameters such as the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, refractive index, reflectivity, and absorption coefficient are computed and discussed. The simulation results for the studied compounds are reported for the first time in the literature.
Behaviorof Ion Beams For Triplet Quadrupole Lenses Majed, Hiyam Chasib; Kadhem, Ameera Jawad; Abass, Esraa Akram ...
Al-Mustansiriyah journal of science,
07/2017, Letnik:
27, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This research includes a study to understand the behavior of charged particles beam through consideration of systems of quadrupole triplet reaching to the optimum design of beam transport through a ...system of triplet quadrupole triplet lenses. In this work, tracing the path of charged particles beam has been within the free field space and quadrupole electrostatic lens system which include the triplet quadrupolelens by using matrices to described particle trajectories throughout the system. Matrix representation deals with ion beam as bunched and representing phase ellipse for both horizontal and vertical planes. The present work investigated the effect of the main parameters of triplet quadruple such as length of quadrupole, the distance between the lenses, voltage applying on lenses,second field free region length. Matlab program built to study these parameters, the results indicated that good focusing properties for both horizontal and vertical plane.
Zero valent iron supported on mesoporous silicanano particles (NZVI/MSNs) was prepared by the aqueous phase borohydride reduction methods. Prior to the reduction, mesoporous silica nanoparticles ...(MSNs) were prepared through the activation of fumed silica with concentrated HCl by refluxing at 90 °C. FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX and BET were used to characterize theadsorbents prepared. BET surface areas of MSNs, NZVI, and NZVI/MSNs were 126, 41, and 72 m2/g for, respectively. The performance of NZVI/MSNs as adsorbent was examined by adsorption of methylene blue (MB), performed in series of batch experiments. In the kinetic studies, pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic models were examined. The pseudo second order equation provided the best fit with the experimental data. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process is endothermic with ΔH° was 90.53 kJ/mol. Positive ΔS° (300 J/mol) and negative ΔG° (-6.42 kJ/mol) was recorded, indicating the spontaneous of the adsorption process and naturally favorable.
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