Data on SAH after M2 mechanical thrombectomy are limited. We aimed to determine the prevalence of sulcal SAH after mechanical thrombectomy for M2 occlusion, its associated predictors, and the ...resulting clinical outcome.
The study retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for isolated M2 occlusion. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of sulcal SAH after M2 mechanical thrombectomy. Angiographic and clinical outcomes were compared. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of sulcal SAH and unfavorable outcome (90-day mRS, 3-6).
Of the 209 enrolled patients, sulcal SAH was observed in 33 (15.8%) patients. The sulcal SAH group showed a higher rate of distal M2 occlusion (69.7% versus 22.7%), a higher of rate of superior division occlusion (63.6% versus 43.8%), and a higher M2 angulation (median, 128° versus 106°) than the non-sulcal SAH group. Of the 33 sulcal SAH cases, 23 (66.7%) were covert without visible intraprocedural contrast extravasation. Distal M2 occlusion (OR, 12.04; 95% CI, 4.56-35.67;
< .001), superior division (OR, 3.83; 95% CI, 1.43-11.26;
= .010), M2 angulation (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04;
< .001), and the number of passes (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.22-2.09;
< .001) were independent predictors of sulcal SAH. However, covert sulcal SAH was not associated with an unfavorable outcome (
= .830).
After mechanical thrombectomy for M2 occlusion, sulcal SAH was not uncommon and occurred more frequently with distal M2 occlusion, superior division, acute M2 angulation, and multiple thrombectomy passes (≥3). The impact of covert sulcal SAH was mostly benign and was not associated with an unfavorable outcome.
Background
The Breslow depth is an important parameter to determine the excision margin and prognosis of melanoma. However, it is difficult to accurately determine the actual Breslow depth before ...surgery using the existing ocular micrometer and biopsy technique.
Objectives
To evaluate the use of 3D wide‐field multispectral photoacoustic imaging to non‐invasively measure depth and outline the boundary of melanomas for optimal surgical margin selection.
Methods
Six melanoma patients were examined in vivo using the 3D multispectral photoacoustic imaging system. For five cases of melanomas (one in situ, three nodular, and one acral lentiginous type melanoma), the spectrally unmixed photoacoustic depths were calculated and compared against histopathological depths.
Results
Spectrally unmixed photoacoustic depths and histopathological depths match well within a mean absolute error of 0.36 mm. In particular, the measured minimum and maximum depths in the in situ and nodular type of melanoma were 0.6 and 9.1 mm, respectively. In the 3D photoacoustic image of one metastatic melanoma, feeding vessels were visualized in the melanoma, suggesting the neovascularization around the tumour.
Conclusions
The 3D multispectral photoacoustic imaging not only provides well‐measured depth and sizes of various types of melanomas, it also visualizes the metastatic type of melanoma. Obtaining accurate depth and boundary information of melanoma before surgery would play a useful role in the complete excision of melanoma during surgery.
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are highly dispersed, millisecond-duration radio bursts1-3. Recent observations of a Galactic FRB4-8 suggest that at least some FRBs originate from magnetars, but the origin ...of cosmological FRBs is still not settled. Here we report the detection of1,863 bursts in 82 h over 54 days from the repeating source FRB 20201124A (ref.9). These observations show irregular short-time variation ofthe Faraday rotation measure (RM), which scrutinizes the density-weighted line-of-sight magnetic field strength, of individual bursts during the first 36 days, followed by a constant RM. We detected circular polarization in more than half of the burst sample, including one burst reaching a high fractional circular polarization of 75%. Oscillations in fractional linear and circular polarizations, as well as polarization angle as a function of wavelength, were detected. All of these features provide evidence for a complicated, dynamically evolving, magnetized immediate environment within about an astronomical unit (au; Earth-Sun distance) ofthe source. Our optical observations of its Milky-Way-sized, metal-rich host galaxy10-12 show a barred spiral, with the FRB source residing in a low-stellar-density interarm region at an intermediate galactocentric distance. This environment is inconsistent with a young magnetar engine formed during an extreme explosion of a massive star that resulted in a long gamma-ray burst or superluminous supernova.
Summary
Background
Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) play a key role in hair regeneration and morphogenesis. Therefore, tremendous efforts have been made to promote DPC hair inductivity.
Objectives
The aim ...of this study was to investigate the mitogenic and hair inductive effects of hypoxia on DPCs and examine the underlying mechanism of hypoxia‐induced stimulation of DPCs.
Methods
DPCs' hair inductivity was examined under normoxia (20% O2) and hypoxia (2% O2).
Results
Hypoxia significantly increased the proliferation and delayed senescence of DPCs via Akt phosphorylation and downstream pathways. Hypoxia upregulated growth factor secretion of DPCs through the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway. Hypoxia‐preconditioned DPCs induced the telogen‐to‐anagen transition in C3H mice, and also enhanced hair neogenesis in a hair reconstitution assay. Injected green fluorescent protein‐labelled DPCs migrated to the outer root sheath of the hair follicle, and hypoxia‐preconditioning increased survival and migration of DPCs in vivo. Conditioned medium obtained from hypoxia increased the hair length of mouse vibrissa follicles via upregulation of alkaline phosphatase, vascular endothelial growth factor, and glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor. We examined the mechanism of this hypoxia‐induced stimulation, and found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role. For example, inhibition of ROS generation by N‐acetylcysteine or diphenyleneiodonium treatment attenuated DPCs' hypoxia‐induced stimulation, but treatment with ROS donors induced mitogenic effects and anagen transition. NADPH oxidase 4 is highly expressed in the DPC nuclear region, and NOX4 knockout by CRISPR‐Cas9 attenuated the hypoxia‐induced stimulation of DPCs.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that DPC culture under hypoxia has great advantages over normoxia, and is a novel solution for producing DPCs for cell therapy.
Whatʼs already known about this topic?
Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) play a key role in hair regeneration and morphogenesis, but they are difficult to isolate and expand for use in cell therapy.
Tremendous efforts have been made to increase proliferation of DPCs and promote their hair formation ability.
What does this study add?
Hypoxia (2% O2) culture of DPCs increases proliferation, delays senescence and enhances hair inductivity of DPCs.
Reactive oxygen species play a key role in hypoxia‐induced stimulation of DPC.
What is the translational message?
Preconditioning DPCs under hypoxia improves their hair regenerative potential, and is a novel solution for producing DPCs for cell therapy to treat hair loss.
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We evaluated whether ELISPOT assay can predict tuberculosis (TB) development in kidney‐transplantation (KT) recipients with a negative tuberculin skin test (TST). All adult patients admitted to a KT ...institute between June 2008 and December 2009 were enrolled; TB development after KT was observed between June 2008 and December 2010. Isoniazid (INH) was given to those patients with positive TST or clinical risk factors for latent TB infection (LTBI). ELISPOT assay was performed on all patients, and TB development after KT was observed by a researcher blinded to the results of ELISPOT. A total of 312 KT recipients including 242 (78%) living‐donor KT were enrolled. Of the 312 patients, 40 (13%) had positive TST or clinical risk factors for LTBI and received INH; none developed TB after KT. Of the remaining 272 patients, 4 (6%) of 71 with positive ELISPOT assay developed TB after KT, whereas none of the 201 patients with negative (n = 171) or indeterminate ELISPOTs (n = 30) developed TB after KT (rate difference between positive and negative/indeterminate ELISPOT, 3.3 per 100 person‐years 95% CI 1.4–5.1, p<0.001). Positive ELISPOT results predict subsequent development of TB in KT recipients in whom LTBI cannot be detected by TST or who lack clinical risk factors for LTBI.
Positive results of an interferon‐gamma releasing assay anticipate the subsequent development of tuberculosis in kidney transplant recipients in whom latent tuberculosis infection cannot be detected by tuberculin skin test or who lack clinical risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection. See editorial by Torre‐Cisneros and Doblas on page 1769.
Abstract
A Josephson junction (JJ) couples the supercurrent flowing between two weakly linked superconductors to the phase difference between them via a current-phase relation (CPR). While a ...sinusoidal CPR is expected for conventional junctions with insulating weak links, devices made from some exotic materials may give rise to unconventional CPRs and unusual Josephson effects. In this work, we present such a case: we investigate the proximity-induced superconductivity in SnTe nanowires by incorporating them as weak links in JJs and observe a deviation from the standard CPR. We report on indications of an unexpected breaking of time-reversal symmetry in these devices, detailing the unconventional characteristics that reveal this behavior. These include an asymmetric critical current in the DC Josephson effect, a prominent second harmonic in the AC Josephson effect, and a magnetic diffraction pattern with a minimum in critical current at zero magnetic field. The analysis examines how multiband effects and the experimentally visualized ferroelectric domain walls give rise to this behavior, giving insight into the Josephson effect in materials that possess ferroelectricity and/or multiband superconductivity.
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) still remains one of the leading causes of infant death worldwide, especially in high-income countries. To date, however, there is no detailed information on the ...global health burden of SIDS.
To characterize the global disease burden of SIDS and its trends from 1990 to 2019 and to compare the burden of SIDS according to the socio-demographic index (SDI).
Systematic analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data.
Epidemiological data of 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were collected via various methods including civil registration and vital statistics in the original GBD study. Estimates for mortality and disease burden of SIDS were modelled. Crude mortality and mortality rates per 100,000 population were analyzed. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and DALY rates were also assessed.
In 2019, mortality rate of SIDS accounted for 20.98 95% Uncertainty Interval (UI), 9.15 to 46.16 globally, which was a 51% decrease from 1990. SIDS was most prevalent in Western sub-Saharan Africa, High-income North America and Oceania in 2019. The burden of SIDS was higher in males than females consistently from 1990 to 2019. Higher SDI and income level was associated with lower burden of SIDS; further, countries with higher SDI and income had greater decreases in SIDS burden from 1990 to 2019.
The burden of SIDS has decreased drastically from 1990 to 2019. However, the improvements have occurred disproportionately between regions and SDI levels. Focused preventive efforts in under-resourced populations are needed.
Monodisperse spherical Ni nanoparticles with diameters of 2 nm, 5 nm, and 7 nm were synthesized from the thermal decomposition of a Ni–oleylamine complex. Ni nanocrystal superlattices were generated ...via the controlled evaporation of solvent (see Figure). The nanoparticles were successfully used as catalysts for the Suzuki coupling reaction, and were readily oxidized to produce NiO nanoparticles.
Objective: To evaluate the impact of neurological and medical complications on 3‐month outcomes in acute ischaemic stroke patients.
Methods: We prospectively investigated complications for all the ...consecutive acute ischaemic stroke patients admitted within 7 days from onset in four university hospitals during a 1‐year period. Baseline data and 3‐month outcomes were collected. Poor outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score 3–6.
Results: A total of 1 254 patients were recruited: 264 (21.1%) and 303 (24.2%) patients experienced one or more neurological and medical complications, respectively. The most common complications were ischaemic stroke progression (17.1%) and pneumonia (12.0%). Of 1 233 patients with available 3‐month outcomes, 34.9% had a poor outcome. Multivariate analysis revealed that neurological (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval; 5.47, 3.63–8.24) and medical (3.47, 2.30–5.23) complications were independent predictors of the poor outcome. For the individual complications, ischaemic stroke progression (7.48, 4.73–11.84), symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (3.57, 1.33–9.54), pneumonia (4.44, 2.20–8.99), extracranial bleeding (4.45, 1.88–10.53), and urinary tract infection (2.72, 1.32–5.60) were independently associated with the poor outcome.
Conclusion: Outcome after ischaemic stroke is adversely influenced by complications, especially ischaemic stroke progression, symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation, pneumonia, extracranial bleeding, and urinary tract infection. Interventions to prevent those complications might improve ischaemic stroke outcome.
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