We present the first example of binary microlensing for which the parameter measurements can be verified (or contradicted) by future Doppler observations. This test is made possible by a confluence ...of two relatively unusual circumstances. First, the binary lens is bright enough (I = 15.6) to permit Doppler measurements. Second, we measure not only the usual seven binary-lens parameters, but also the 'microlens parallax' (which yields the binary mass) and two components of the instantaneous orbital velocity. Thus, we measure, effectively, six 'Kepler+1' parameters (two instantaneous positions, two instantaneous velocities, the binary total mass, and the mass ratio). Since Doppler observations of the brighter binary component determine five Kepler parameters (period, velocity amplitude, eccentricity, phase, and position of periapsis), while the same spectroscopy yields the mass of the primary, the combined Doppler + microlensing observations would be overconstrained by 6 + (5 + 1) -- (7 + 1) = 4 degrees of freedom. This makes possible an extremely strong test of the microlensing solution. We also introduce a uniform microlensing notation for single and binary lenses, define conventions, summarize all known microlensing degeneracies, and extend a set of parameters to describe full Keplerian motion of the binary lenses.
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•P removal from simulated wastewater using lab-scale HSSF-CWs was examined.•Paspalum atratum was utilized as the emergent wetland plant for very first time.•WHC-based HSSF-CW planted ...with Paspalum atratum removed up to 89.9% of inflow P.•WHC sorption was the dominant P removal pathway in HSSF-CWs.•Utilizing WHC as a reactive filter media apparently extended lifespans of HSSF-CWs.
This work examined the phosphorus (P) removal from the synthetic pretreated swine wastewater using lab-scale horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetlands (HSSF-CWs). White hard clam (Meretrix lyrata) shells (WHC) and Paspalum atratum were utilized as substrate and plant, respectively. The focus was placed on treatment performance, removal mechanisms and lifespan of the HSSF-CWs. Results indicated that WHC-based HSSF-CW with P. atratum exhibited a high P removal (89.9%). The mean P efluent concentration and P removal rate were 1.34 ± 0.95 mg/L and 0.32 ± 0.03 g/m2/d, respectively. The mass balance study showed that media sorption was the dominant P removal pathway (77.5%), followed by microbial assimilation (14.5%), plant uptake (5.4%), and other processes (2.6%). It was estimated the WHC-based bed could work effectively for approximately 2.84 years. This WHC-based HSSF-CWs technology will therefore pave the way for recycling Ca-rich waste materials as media in HSSF-CWs to enhance P-rich wastewater purification.
Microlensing can provide a useful tool to probe binary distributions down to low-mass limits of binary companions. In this paper, we analyze the light curves of eight binary-lensing events detected ...through the channel of high-magnification events during the seasons from 2007 to 2010. The perturbations, which are confined near the peak of the light curves, can be easily distinguished from the central perturbations caused by planets. However, the degeneracy between close and wide binary solutions cannot be resolved with a 3sigma confidence level for three events, implying that the degeneracy would be an important obstacle in studying binary distributions. The dependence of the degeneracy on the lensing parameters is consistent with a theoretical prediction that the degeneracy becomes severe as the binary separation and the mass ratio deviate from the values of resonant caustics. The measured mass ratio of the event OGLE-2008-BLG-510/MOA-2008-BLG-369 is q ~ 0.1, making the companion of the lens a strong brown dwarf candidate.
Pflanzen nutzen Sekundärmetabolite, wie Polyphenole, zur chemischen Verteidigung gegenüber Pathogenen und Herbivoren. Trotz ihrer wichtigen Rolle bei der Reaktion von Pflanzen auf Pathogene bleibt ...die Detektion von Polyphenolen in komplexen Pflanzengeweben eine Herausforderung. Hier berichten wir vom Aufbau molekularer Sensoren zur Visualisierung pflanzlicher Polyphenole, basierend auf Nah‐Infrarot (NIR)‐fluoreszenten Kohlenstoff‐Nanoröhren (SWCNTs). Dabei identifizierten wir Oberflächenmodifikationen mit Polyethylenglycol‐Phospholipiden, die (6,5)‐SWCNTs sensitiv (Kd=90 nM) gegenüber pflanzlichen Polyphenolen machen und die Emission (ca. 1000 nm) quenchen und bathochrom (bis zu 20 nm) verschieben. Diese Sensoren detektieren Unterschiede im Gesamtphenolgehalt nach Herbivor‐ oder Pathogenstimulus im Nutzpflanzensystem und in Blattextrakten. Ferner erlauben sie die Bildgebung der Pathogen‐induzierten Polyphenolausschüttung (24 h). Dieser Ansatz ermöglicht die In‐situ‐Visualisierung und Charakterisierung der chemischen Pflanzenverteidigung in Echtzeit und ebnet den Weg zur Phänotyp‐basierten Optimierung der Polyphenolsekretion.
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