Flexible job shop scheduling problems ( FJSP ) have received much attention from academia and industry for many years. Due to their exponential complexity, swarm intelligence ( SI ...) and evolutionary algorithms ( EA ) are developed, employed and improved for solving them. More than 60% of the publications are related to SI and EA. This paper intents to give a comprehensive literature review of SI and EA for solving FJSP. First, the mathematical model of FJSP is presented and the constraints in applications are summarized. Then, the encoding and decoding strategies for connecting the problem and algorithms are reviewed. The strategies for initializing algorithms? population and local search operators for improving convergence performance are summarized. Next, one classical hybrid genetic algorithm ( GA ) and one newest imperialist competitive algorithm ( ICA ) with variables neighborhood search ( VNS ) for solving FJSP are presented. Finally, we summarize, discus and analyze the status of SI and EA for solving FJSP and give insight into future research directions.
To meet the multi-cooperation production demand of enterprises, the distributed permutation flow shop scheduling problem (DPFSP) has become the frontier research in the field of manufacturing ...systems. In this paper, we investigate the DPFSP by minimizing a makespan criterion under the constraint of sequence-dependent setup times. To solve DPFSPs, significant developments of some metaheuristic algorithms are necessary. In this context, a simple and effective improved iterated greedy (NIG) algorithm is proposed to minimize makespan in DPFSPs. According to the features of DPFSPs, a two-stage local search based on single job swapping and job block swapping within the key factory is designed in the proposed algorithm. We compare the proposed algorithm with state-of-the-art algorithms, including the iterative greedy algorithm (2019), iterative greedy proposed by Ruiz and Pan (2019), discrete differential evolution algorithm (2018), discrete artificial bee colony (2018), and artificial chemical reaction optimization (2017). Simulation results show that NIG outperforms the compared algorithms.
Adventitious roots (ARs) represent an important organ system for water and nutrient uptake in lotus plants because of degeneration of the principal root. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene ...regulates plant development and growth by affecting the expression of several other genes. In this study, three WOX genes, NnWOX1-1, NnWOX4-3, and NnWOX5-1, were isolated and their functions were assessed in Arabidopsis plants. The full lengths of NnWOX1-1, NnWOX4-3, and NnWOX5-1 were 1038, 645, and 558 bp, encoding 362, 214, and 185 amino acid residues, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis classified NnWOX1-1 and NnWOX4-3 encoding proteins into one group, and NnWOX5-1 and MnWOX5 encoding proteins exhibited strong genetic relationships. The three genes were induced by sucrose and indoleacetic acid (IAA) and exhibited organ-specific expression characteristics. In addition to improving root growth and salt tolerance, NnWOX1-1 and NnWOX4-3 promoted stem development in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. A total of 751, 594, and 541 genes, including 19, 19, and 13 respective genes related to ethylene and IAA metabolism and responses, were enhanced in NnWOX1-1, NnWOX4-3, and NnWOX5-1 transgenic plants, respectively. Further analysis showed that ethylene production rates in transgenic plants increased, whereas IAA, peroxidase, and lignin content did not significantly change. Exogenous application of ethephon on lotus seedlings promoted AR formation and dramatically increased the fresh and dry weights of the plants. NnWOX1-1, NnWOX4-3, and NnWOX5-1 influence root formation, stem development, and stress adaptation in transgenic Arabidopsis plants by affecting the transcription of multiple genes. Among these, changes in gene expression involving ethylene metabolism and responses likely critically affect the development of Arabidopsis plants. In addition, ethylene may represent an important factor affecting AR formation in lotus seedlings.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
We present evidences that defects in the spin
S
= 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain (HAFC) compound can lead to ferromagnetism by studying the magnetic and thermal properties of the ...newly discovered quasi-one-dimensional (1D) metal–organic framework CH
3
NH
3
Cu(HCOO)
3
(MACuF). Our findings suggest that the long-range ferromagnetic order at 3.7 K can be attributed to Cu
2+
ions from the 2D networks constructed by the endpoints of the broken chains. In such a case, the intrinsic magnetism can emerge in this quasi-1D Heisenberg chain system at the background of the short-range antiferromagnetism. This unusual ferromagnetism found in HAFC not only enriches magnetic features in the low-dimensional systems, but helps to understand some of the exotic magnetic phenomena in other real quasi-1D magnetic materials.
The flexible job scheduling problem with automated guided vehicles (FJSP-AGVs) is a simplified model of some real manufacturing industries. It contains three strongly coupled subproblems: operation ...sequences assignment, machine selection, and automatic guided vehicle selection, leading to a huge solution space. Its several unresolved challenges, i.e., problem model and algorithmic designing, persist. Therefore, we first adopt the sequence-based modeling method to establish a mixed-integer linear programming model with makespan, and its correctness is verified by using the Gurobi solver. Subsequently, a multi-strategy-driven genetic algorithm (Mult_stra_GA) is proposed based on the implicit features of FJSP-AGVs. In Mult_stra_GA, for the operation sequence (OS) and the machine assignment (MS) subproblems, we design three targeted strategies, i.e., two layer-based encoding and decoding strategy, a multiple heuristics-based initialization strategy, double crossover, and dual mutation operators. Meanwhile, the problem-specific diversity checking and restart strategies are introduced to avoid Mult_stra_GA falling into local optima. Finally, we conduct experiments on four well-known benchmarks. Through the statistical analysis, the outcomes demonstrate that the Mult_stra_GA algorithm exhibits efficacy when contrasted with other advanced algorithms.
We report the observation of a large anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and planar Hall effect (PHE) in a topological superconducting candidate Cu0.05PdTe2. The AMR and PHE data in Cu0.05PdTe2 can ...be well explained by the semiclassical theory, confirming that the magneto-transport behaviors of the Cu0.05PdTe2 superconductor are related to its topological nature. The AMR ratio in Cu0.05PdTe2 is one order of magnitude larger than those in traditional ferromagnetic metals. The present results suggest that Cu0.05PdTe2 is a promising material in future magnetoresistive devices with low power consumption.
Adventitious roots (ARs) have an unmatched status in plant growth and metabolism due to the degeneration of primary roots in lotuses. In the present study, we sought to assess the effect of sucrose ...on ARs formation and observed that lignin synthesis was involved in ARs development. We found that the lignification degree of the ARs primordium was weaker in plants treated with 20 g/L sucrose than in 50 g/L sucrose treatment and control plants. The contents of lignin were lower in plants treated with 20 g/L sucrose and higher in plants treated with 50 g/L sucrose. The precursors of monomer lignin, including p-coumaric acid, caffeate, sinapinal aldehyde, and ferulic acid, were lower in the GL50 library than in the GL20 library. Further analysis revealed that the gene expression of these four metabolites had no novel difference in the GL50/GL20 libraries. However, a laccase17 gene (
), involved in polymer lignin synthesis, had a higher expression in the GL50 library than in the GL20 library. Therefore,
was cloned and the overexpression of
was found to directly result in a decrease in the root number in transgenic
plants. These findings suggest that lignin synthesis is probably involved in ARs formation in lotus seedlings.
The function of microRNAs (miRNAs) during alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has recently become of great interest in biological research. Studies have shown that ALD associated miRNAs play a crucial role ...in the regulation of liver‐inflammatory agents such as tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), one of the key inflammatory agents responsible for liver fibrosis (liver scarring) and the critical contributor of alcoholic liver disease. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the cell wall of gram‐negative bacteria, is responsible for TNF‐α release by Kupffer cells. miRNAs are the critical mediators of LPS signalling in Kupffer cells, hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells. Certain miRNAs, in particular miR‐155 and miR‐21, show a positive correlation in up‐regulation of LPS signalling when they are exposed to ethanol. ALD is related to enhanced gut permeability that allows the levels of LPS to increase, leads to increased secretion of TNF‐α by the Kupffer cells and subsequently promotes alcoholic liver injury through specific miRNAs. Meanwhile, two of the most frequently dysregulated miRNAs in steatohepatitis, miR‐122 and miR‐34a are the critical mediators in ethanol/LPS activated survival signalling during ALD. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the experimental and clinical aspects of functions of specific microRNAs, focusing mainly on inflammation and cell survival after ethanol/LPS treatment, and advances on the role of circulating miRNAs in human alcoholic disorders.
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