Derek Hand's A History of the Irish Novel is a major work of criticism on some of the greatest and most globally recognisable writers of the novel form. Writers such as Laurence Sterne, James Joyce, ...Elizabeth Bowen, Samuel Beckett and John McGahern have demonstrated the extraordinary intellectual range, thematic complexity and stylistic innovation of Irish fiction. Derek Hand provides a remarkably detailed picture of the Irish novel's emergence in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He shows the story of the genre is the story of Ireland's troubled relationship to modernisation. The first critical synthesis of the Irish novel from the seventeenth century to the present day, this is a major book for the field, and the first to thematically, theoretically and contextually chart its development. It is an essential, entertaining and highly original guide to the history of the Irish novel.
Abstract We report first-time reverberation-mapping results for 14 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the ongoing Monitoring AGNs with H β Asymmetry campaign (MAHA). These results utilize optical ...spectra obtained with the Long Slit Spectrograph on the Wyoming Infrared 2.3 m Telescope between 2017 November and 2023 May. MAHA combines long-duration monitoring with high cadence. We report results from multiple observing seasons for nine of the 14 objects. These results include H β time lags, supermassive black hole masses, and velocity-resolved time lags. The velocity-resolved lags allow us to investigate the kinematics of the broad-line region.
We present new Keck/NIRC2 3–5 μm infrared photometry of the planetary-mass companion to ROXS 42B in L′, and for the first time in Brackett-α (Brff) and in Ms-band. We combine our data with existing ...near-infrared photometry and K-band (2–2.4 μm) spectroscopy and compare these data with models and other directly imaged planetary-mass objects using forward modeling and retrieval methods in order to characterize the atmosphere of ROXS 42B b. The ROXS 42B b 1.25–5 μm spectral energy distribution most closely resembles that of GSC 06214 B and κ And b, although it has a slightly bluer Ks−Ms color than GSC 06214 B and thus currently lacks evidence of a circumplanetary disk. We cannot formally exclude the possibility that any of the tested dust-free/dusty/cloudy forward models describe the atmosphere of ROXS 42B b well. However, models with substantial atmospheric dust/clouds yield temperatures and gravities that are consistent when fit to photometry and spectra separately, whereas dust-free model fits to photometry predict temperatures/gravities inconsistent with the ROXS 42B b K-band spectrum and vice-versa. Atmospheric retrieval on the 1–5 μm photometry places a limit on the fractional number density of CO2 of log (nCO2) < 2.7, but provides no other constraints so far. We conclude that ROXS 42B b has mid-IR photometric features that are systematically different from other previously observed planetary-mass and field objects of similar temperature. It remains unclear whether this is in the range of the natural diversity of targets at the very young (~2 Myr) age of ROXS 42B b or unique to its early evolution and environment.
Mid-infrared molecular hydrogen (H2) emission is a powerful cooling agent in galaxy mergers and in radio galaxies; it is a potential key tracer of gas evolution and energy dissipation associated with ...mergers, star formation, and accretion onto supermassive black holes. We detect mid-IR H2 line emission in at least one rotational transition in 91% of the 214 Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs) observed with Spitzer as part of the Great Observatories All-sky LIRG Survey. We use H2 excitation diagrams to estimate the range of masses and temperatures of warm molecular gas in these galaxies. We find that LIRGs in which the IR emission originates mostly from the Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) have about 100 K higher H2 mass-averaged excitation temperatures than LIRGs in which the IR emission originates mostly from star formation. Between 10% and 15% of LIRGs have H2 emission lines that are sufficiently broad to be resolved or partially resolved by the high-resolution modules of Spitzer's Infrared Spectrograph (IRS). Those sources tend to be mergers and contain AGN. This suggests that a significant fraction of the H2 line emission is powered by AGN activity through X-rays, cosmic rays, and turbulence. We find a statistically significant correlation between the kinetic energy in the H2 gas and the H2 to IR luminosity ratio. The sources with the largest warm gas kinetic energies are mergers. We speculate that mergers increase the production of bulk inflows leading to observable broad H2 profiles and possibly denser gas.
We have started a long-term reverberation mapping (RM) project using the Wyoming Infrared Observatory 2.3 m telescope titled "Monitoring AGNs with Hβ Asymmetry" (MAHA). The motivations of the project ...are to explore the geometry and kinematics of the gas responsible for complex Hβ emission-line profiles, ideally leading to an understanding of the structures and origins of the broad-line region (BLR). Furthermore, such a project provides the opportunity to search for evidence of close binary supermassive black holes. We describe MAHA and report initial results from our first campaign, from 2016 December to 2017 May, highlighting velocity-resolved time lags for four active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with asymmetric Hβ lines. We find that 3C 120, Ark 120, and Mrk 6 display complex features different from the simple signatures expected for pure outflow, inflow, or a Keplerian disk. While three of the objects have been previously reverberation mapped, including velocity-resolved time lags in the cases of 3C 120 and Mrk 6, we report a time lag and corresponding black hole mass measurement for SBS 1518+593 for the first time. Furthermore, SBS 1518+593, the least asymmetric of the four, does show velocity-resolved time lags characteristic of a Keplerian disk or virialized motion more generally. Also, the velocity-resolved time lags of 3C 120 have significantly changed since previously observed, indicating an evolution of its BLR structure. Future analyses of the data for these objects and others in MAHA will explore the full diversity of Hβ lines and the physics of AGN BLRs.
Two studies utilizing sparse aperture-masking (SAM) interferometry and H differential imaging have reported multiple Jovian companions around the young solar-mass star, LkCa 15 (LkCa 15 bcd): the ...first claimed direct detection of infant, newly formed planets ("protoplanets"). We present new near-infrared direct imaging/spectroscopy from the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) system coupled with Coronagraphic High Angular Resolution Imaging Spectrograph (CHARIS) integral field spectrograph and multi-epoch thermal infrared imaging from Keck/NIRC2 of LkCa 15 at high Strehl ratios. These data provide the first direct imaging look at the same wavelengths and in the same locations where previous studies identified the LkCa 15 protoplanets, and thus offer the first decisive test of their existence. The data do not reveal these planets. Instead, we resolve extended emission tracing a dust disk with a brightness and location comparable to that claimed for LkCa 15 bcd. Forward-models attributing this signal to orbiting planets are inconsistent with the combined SCExAO/CHARIS and Keck/NIRC2 data. An inner disk provides a more compelling explanation for the SAM detections and perhaps also the claimed H detection of LkCa 15 b. We conclude that there is currently no clear, direct evidence for multiple protoplanets orbiting LkCa 15, although the system likely contains at least one unseen Jovian companion. To identify Jovian companions around LkCa 15 from future observations, the inner disk should be detected and its effect modeled, removed, and shown to be distinguishable from planets. Protoplanet candidates identified from similar systems should likewise be clearly distinguished from disk emission through modeling.
We report the results of reverberation mapping of three bright Seyfert galaxies, Mrk 79, NGC 3227, and Mrk 841, from a campaign conducted from 2016 December to 2017 May with the Wyoming Infrared ...Observatory (WIRO) 2.3 m telescope. All three of these targets have shown asymmetric broad Hβ emission lines in the past, although their emission lines were relatively symmetric during our observations. We measured Hβ time lags for all three targets and estimated masses of their black holes-for the first time in the case of Mrk 841. For Mrk 79 and NGC 3227, the data are of sufficient quality to resolve distinct time lags as a function of velocity and to compute two-dimensional velocity-delay maps. Mrk 79 shows smaller time lags for high-velocity gas, but the distribution is not symmetric, and its complex velocity-delay map could result from the combination of both inflowing and outflowing Hβ emitting disks that may be part of a single larger structure. NGC 3227 shows the largest time lags for blueshifted gas, and the two-dimensional velocity-delay map suggests a disk with some inflow. We compare our results with previous work and find evidence for different time lags despite similar luminosities, as well as evolving broad-line region structures.
History in Ireland in the 1980s – the narratives of history, the very concept of history – loomed large in the popular consciousness; the problems of the past continued to haunt the present. The ...questions that underpinned the violence of the North of Ireland surrounding identity, power, the nature of the state, memory and the past remained troublingly unanswered, and an underlying sense of failure permeated all levels of public and private discourse. In the Republic, a stagnant economy and social conflicts on issues such as the availability of divorce and abortion were indicative of the difficulties of negotiating a
This chapter examines novelistic responses to the multifaceted changes that characterized life in Dublin during and after the Celtic Tiger era. The first part explores portrayals of changing ...personal, moral, and artistic value systems at a time when the forces of globalization were altering the city’s distinctive culture. This is followed by a consideration of the treatment of history in some recent Dublin-set novels, with particular focus on works that explore the interplay between previous eras and the present one, including the legacies of hidden trauma. In examining novelists’ attempts to identify what it is that defines Dubliners and their city in the era of globalization, the chapter finds that while the answers vary from novelist to novelist, all understand the city’s identity to be fluid and mobile, a complex amalgam of local and global elements that poses unsettling questions about the meaning and constitution of self and community.
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