Achieving a desirable combination of solid-like properties and fast self-healing is a great challenge due to slow diffusion dynamics. In this work, we describe a design concept that utilizes weak but ...abundant coordination bonds to achieve this objective. The designed PDMS polymer, crosslinked by abundant Zn(II)-carboxylate interactions, is very strong and rigid at room temperature. As the coordination equilibrium is sensitive to temperature, the mechanical strength of this polymer rapidly and reversibly changes upon heating or cooling. The soft-rigid switching ability σ, defined as G'
/G'
, can reach 8000 when ΔT = 100 °C. Based on these features, this polymer not only exhibits fast thermal-healing properties, but is also advantageous for various applications such as in orthopedic immobilization, conductive composites/adhesives, and 3D printing.
Purpose
To identify aberrantly expressed proteins contributing to pathogenesis of canine mammary tumors (CMTs) which are the most prevalent neoplasms in female dogs and include different types.
...Experimental design
Frozen tissue specimens of normal mammary gland (n = 7), lobular hyperplasia (n = 6), simple carcinoma (n = 6), and complex carcinoma (n = 6) are collected from 11 CMT cases. Tissue homogenates are comparatively analyzed by the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) combined with LC‐MS/MS to identify proteins differentially expressed in different‐type CMT tissues.
Results
Among 3795 proteins identified and quantified among all groups, 133, 127, and 98 proteins are particularly overexpressed in simple carcinoma, complex carcinoma, and both types, respectively, compared with normal and hyperplastic tissues. Moreover, collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2A), myeloperoxidase (MPO), thymidylate synthetase (TYMS), and insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) are validated to be highly expressed in different‐type CMT tissues using immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Notably, COL2A1 and IGFBP5 levels are correlated with clinical stages.
Conclusions and clinical relevance
COL2A1, MPO, TYMS, and IGFBP5 protein levels are positively associated with CMT development. Data expedite further investigations to improve treatment regimens for CMT.
A
TTPP
probe was developed to distinguish G-quadruplexes (G4s) from other nucleic acid topologies through longer fluorescence lifetimes and higher quantum yields. In fluorescence lifetime imaging ...microscopy,
TTPP
enabled the visualization of cytoplasmic G4s in live cells, and showed the potential to detect cell apoptosis and ferroptosis by tracking cytoplasmic G4s.
By using FLIM,
TTPP
achieved visualization of cytoplasmic G4s in live cells, and detected cell death by tracking cytoplasmic G4s.
What is known and objective
Sevoflurane is the most widely used volatile anaesthetic in clinical practice. It exhibits a hypnotic (unconsciousness) effect and causes a loss of reaction to noxious ...stimuli (immobility). However, to date, the mechanism of action of sevoflurane is poorly understood. In this study, we explored the effects of genetic variations on sevoflurane‐induced hypnosis.
Methods
Sixty‐six SNPs in 18 candidate genes were genotyped using MALDI‐TOF MassARRAY in a discovery cohort containing 161 patients administered sevoflurane. Significant polymorphisms were assessed in a validation cohort containing 265 patients.
Results and discussion
Three polymorphisms (GRIN1 rs28681971, rs79901440 and CHRNA7 rs72713539) were significantly associated with the time to loss of consciousness in patients treated with sevoflurane in the discovery cohort; among them, GRIN1 rs28681971 showed a significant association even after false discovery rate (FDR) correction (pFDR = 0.039). Following the validation analysis, GRIN1 rs28681971 and rs79901440 showed statistical efficacy (pFDR = 0.027, 0.034). Combined assessments and meta‐analysis of the results of the two cohorts indicated that the C carriers of rs28681971 and T carriers of rs79901440 in GRIN1 require a longer time to achieve unconsciousness.
What is new and conclusion
These findings suggest that GRIN1 polymorphisms are associated with sevoflurane‐induced unconsciousness. Thus, the genotypes of GRIN1 may serve as novel and meaningful biomarkers for sevoflurane‐induced unconsciousness.
Here is a prospective study found that GRIN1 polymorphisms are associated with sevoflurane‐induced unconsciousness, Thus, the genotypes of GRIN1 may serve as novel biomarkers for sevoflurane‐induced unconsciousness.
Fog computing provides users with data storage, computing, and other services by using fog layer devices close to edge devices. Tasks and resource scheduling in fog computing has become a research ...hotspot. For the multi-objective task-scheduling problem in fog computing, an adaptive multi-objective optimization task scheduling method for fog computing (FOG-AMOSM) is proposed in this paper. In this method, the total execution time and the task resource cost in the fog network are taken as the optimization target of resource allocation, and a multi-objective task scheduling model is designed. Since the objective model is a Pareto optimal solution problem, the global optimal solution can be obtained by using multi-objective optimization theory and the improved multi-objective evolutionary heuristic algorithm. Moreover, to obtain a better distribution of the current task scheduling group, the neighborhood is adaptively changed according to the current situation of the task scheduling group in fog computing, which avoids the problem that the neighborhood value caused by the neighborhood policy in the multi-objective algorithm affects the distribution of the task scheduling population. This algorithm is used to solve the non-inferior solution set of the utility function index of fog computing task scheduling to try to solve the multi-objective cooperative optimization problem in fog computing task scheduling. The results show that the proposed method has better performance than other methods in terms of total task execution time, resource cost and load dimensions.
N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the nervous system and are preferentially inhibited by general anesthetics such as sevoflurane. Spontaneous movement is a ...common complication during sevoflurane anesthesia induction and seriously affects operations. In this study, we investigated the relationship between NMDA polymorphisms and spontaneous movement during sevoflurane induction. This prospective clinical study enrolled 393 patients undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia as part of their surgical routine. In the GRIN1, GRIN2A, and GRIN2B genes, 13 polymorphisms that form a heteromeric complex as part of the NMDA receptor were selected using Haploview and genotyped using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry MassARRAY. Both RNAfold and Genotype‐Tissue Expression portals were used to identify gene expression profiles. Our data showed that 35.8% of subjects exhibited spontaneous movement. The GRIN2A rs12918566 polymorphism was associated with spontaneous movement during sevoflurane induction. A logistic regression analysis of additive, dominant, and recessive models indicated a significant association (odds ratio OR (95% confidence limit CI): 0.58 (0.42–0.80), p = .00086; OR (95% CI): 0.51 (0.31–0.84), p = .0075, and OR (95% CI): 0.47 (0.27–0.81), p = .0060, respectively). After false discovery rate (FDR) correction, the additive model was still significant with a PFDR =0.010. Bioinformatics demonstrated that the rs12918566 genomic variation affected GRIN2A expression in brain tissue. We also revealed that GRIN2A rs12918566 was significantly associated with spontaneous movement during sevoflurane induction. We believe the NMDA receptor plays an important role in regulating the anesthetic effects of sevoflurane.
The present study revealed that GRIN2A rs12918566 was significantly correlated with spontaneous movement during sevoflurane anesthesia induction, and this locus can significantly affect the expression of GRIN2A. Suggested NMDA receptor plays an important role in regulating anesthetic effect of sevoflurane.
Remarkable mechanical reinforcement of chitosan films using graphene is extremely important to greatly widen the practical application of chitosan (CS) in many fields, but there still exist ...challenges to regulating graphene-CS interactions for both enhanced strength and toughness. In this work, we functionalized graphene oxide (GO) with carboxyl (G-COOH) and amino groups (G-NH2), and investigated the effects of interfacial interactions on the mechanical properties of graphene/CS composite films in detail. We found that the G-NH2/CS composites exhibited the most remarkable reinforcement in both tensile strength and toughness than the GO/CS and G-COOH/CS composites, even different from a theoretical prediction on graphene-CS interactions. Such remarkable reinforcement is mainly attributed to the moderate graphene-CS interaction, uniform dispersion, and high alignment of G-NH2 in CS films.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In the present study, we investigated the effect of melatonin on the GABA-induced current (IGABA) and GABAergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in cultured rat hippocampal neurons ...using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. We found that melatonin rapidly and reversibly enhanced IGABA in a dose-dependent manner, with an EC50 of 949 μM. Melatonin markedly enhanced the peak amplitude of a subsaturating IGABA but not that of a saturating IGABA. Interestingly, melatonin was effective only when GABA and melatonin were applied together. Furthermore, the effect of melatonin on IGABA was voltage-independent and did not change the ion selectivity of the GABAA receptor. The melatonin enhancement on IGABA can not be blocked by luzindole, a melatonin receptor antagonist, indicating that melatonin-induced IGABA enhancement was not via activation of its own membrane receptors. However, this enhancement may be mediated via high-affinity benzodiazepine sites as it was inhibited by the classical benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil, suggesting an allosteric modulation of melatonin by binding to the sites of GABAA receptors. In addition, melatonin increased both amplitude and frequency of GABAergic mIPSCs, indicating that melatonin enhances GABAergic inhibitory transmission. Hence, our observation that melatonin has an enhancing effect on the GABAergic system may implicate a potential pathway for the neuroprotective effects of melatonin.
Novel aza‐diisoindolylmethene and their BF2‐chelating complexes (benzo‐fused aza‐BODIPYs) were synthesized on a large scale and in a facile manner from phthalonitrile in tBuOK‐DMF solution. The ...unique asymmetric donor–π‐acceptor structure facilitates BN bond detachment in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in dichloromethane, resulting in sharp color change from red to colorless, with over 250 nm hypsochromic shift in the absorption maximum. This colorimetric process can be reversed by adding a very small amount of proton‐accepting solvents or compounds. A 1H and 11B NMR spectroscopy study and also density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that TFA‐induced BN bond cleavage may disrupt the whole π‐conjugation of the BODIPY molecule, resulting in significant colorimetric behavior.
Dyes at the crossroads: By using tBuOK/DMF as base to ionize the phthalonitrile, we have developed a facile method to synthesize asymmetric donor–π‐acceptor‐type benzo‐fused aza‐BODIPY complexes. The newly prepared aza‐BODIPYs exhibit novel colorimetric properties which could be attributed to the fracturing and restoration of the BN bond.
G-quadruplex nucleic acids are four-stranded DNA or RNA secondary structures that are formed in guanine-rich sequences. These structures exhibit extensive structural polymorphism and play a pivotal ...role in the control of a variety of cellular processes. To date, diverse approaches for high-throughput identification of G-quadruplex structures have been successfully developed, but high-throughput methods for further characterization of their topologies are still lacking. In this study, we report a new tetra-arylimidazole probe psIZCM-1, which was found to display significant and distinctive changes in both the absorption and the fluorescence spectra in the presence of parallel G-quadruplexes but show insignificant changes upon interactions with anti-parallel G-quadruplexes or other non-quadruplex oligonucleotides. In view of this dual-output feature, we used psIZCM-1 to identify the parallel G-quadruplexes from a large set of 314 oligonucleotides (including 300 G‐quadruplex‐forming oligonucleotides and 14 non-quadruplex oligonucleotides) via a microplate reader and accordingly established a high-throughput method for the characterization of parallel G-quadruplex topologies. The accuracy of this method was greater than 95%, which was much higher than that of the commercial probe NMM. To make the approach more practical, we further combined psIZCM-1 with another G-quadruplex probe IZCM-7 to realize the high-throughput classification of parallel, anti-parallel G-quadruplexes and non-quadruplex structures.
•A novel colorimetric and fluorescent dual probe for parallel G-quadruplexes was discovered.•A dual-channel and accurate high-throughput method for identifying parallel G-quadruplexes was developed based on the probe.•The probe could be further employed in the high-throughput classification of parallel and anti-parallel G-quadruplexes.
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