ABSTRACT We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Cycle 1 observations of the central kiloparsec region of the luminous type 1 Seyfert galaxy NGC 7469 with unprecedented high ...resolution (0 5 ×0 4 = 165 × 132 pc) at submillimeter wavelengths. Utilizing the wide bandwidth of ALMA, we simultaneously obtained HCN(4-3), HCO+(4-3), CS(7-6), and partially CO(3-2) line maps, as well as the 860 m continuum. The region consists of the central ∼1″ component and the surrounding starburst ring with a radius of ∼1 5-2 5. Several structures connect these components. Except for CO(3-2), these dense gas tracers are significantly concentrated toward the central ∼1″, suggesting their suitability to probe the nuclear regions of galaxies. Their spatial distribution resembles well those of centimeter and mid-infrared continuum emissions, but it is anticorrelated with the optical one, indicating the existence of dust-obscured star formation. The integrated intensity ratios of HCN(4-3)/HCO+(4-3) and HCN(4-3)/CS(7-6) are higher at the active galactic nucleus (AGN) position than at the starburst ring, which is consistent with our previous findings (submillimeter-HCN enhancement). However, the HCN(4-3)/HCO+(4-3) ratio at the AGN position of NGC 7469 (1.11 0.06) is almost half of the corresponding value of the low-luminosity type 1 Seyfert galaxy NGC 1097 (2.0 0.2), despite the more than two orders of magnitude higher X-ray luminosity of NGC 7469. But the ratio is comparable to that of the close vicinity of the AGN of NGC 1068 (∼1.5). Based on these results, we speculate that some heating mechanisms other than X-ray (e.g., mechanical heating due to an AGN jet) can contribute significantly for shaping the chemical composition in NGC 1097.
We present a comprehensive phylogeny derived from 5 genes, nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, TEF1, RPB1 and RPB2, for 356 isolates and 41 families (six newly described in this volume) in Dothideomycetes. All ...currently accepted orders in the class are represented for the first time in addition to numerous previously unplaced lineages. Subclass Pleosporomycetidae is expanded to include the aquatic order Jahnulales. An ancestral reconstruction of basic nutritional modes supports numerous transitions from saprobic life histories to plant associated and lichenised modes and a transition from terrestrial to aquatic habitats are confirmed. Finally, a genomic comparison of 6 dothideomycete genomes with other fungi finds a high level of unique protein associated with the class, supporting its delineation as a separate taxon.
The following work analyzed the changes in the properties of Fatigue in a 300M aeronautical steel after the application of thermochemical treatments of plasma nitriding and laser carburizing. The ...microstructural characterization of the formed layers and the hardness obtained after the surface treatments were conducted. Thus, a comparison was made between the two treatments to verify which one has better efficacy. It has been observed that the treatment of plasma nitriding improves significantly the fatigue properties of 300 M steel. It was also noted that laser carburizing was not efficient to improve fatigue life.
In adult mammalian brain, occurrence of the synthesis of estradiol from endogenous cholesterol has been doubted because of the inability to detect dehydroepiandrosterone synthase, P45017α. In adult ...male rat hippocampal formation, significant localization was demonstrated for both cytochromes P45017α and P450 aromatase, in pyramidal neurons in the CA1-CA3 regions, as well as in the granule cells in the dentate gyrus, by means of immunohistochemical staining of slices. Only a weak immunoreaction of these P450s was observed in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. ImmunoGold electron microscopy revealed that P45017α and P450 aromatase were localized in pre- and postsynaptic compartments as well as in the endoplasmic reticulum in principal neurons. The expression of these cytochromes was further verified by using Western blot analysis and RT-PCR. Stimulation of hippocampal neurons with N-methyl-D-aspartate induced a significant net production of estradiol. Analysis of radioactive metabolites demonstrated the conversion from 3Hpregnenolone to 3Hestradiol through dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone. This activity was abolished by the application of specific inhibitors of cytochrome P450s. Interestingly, estradiol was not significantly converted to other steroid metabolites. Taken together with our previous finding of a P450scc-containing neuronal system for pregnenolone synthesis, these results imply that 17β-estradiol is synthesized by P45017α and P450 aromatase localized in hippocampal neurons from endogenous cholesterol. This synthesis may be regulated by a glutamate-mediated synaptic communication that evokes Ca2+signals.
Aerospace and automotive industries utilize advanced high strength steels due to their exceptional mechanical strength and ductility. Laser beam welding has shown potential in reducing the melted ...zone, heat affected zone, and process time for these steels. This study focused on dissimilar welding between DP 780 and 300M steel sheets, commonly used in the automotive and aerospace industries, respectively. The aim was to expand the range of possibilities and innovations by enabling the use of these steels in both applications. The study investigated the optimal process parameters, microstructure, and mechanical properties for the laser welding process. It also examined the influence of intercritical quenching and tempering on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the laser welded steels. The materials underwent dilution and different phase transformations due to the welding process and heat treatments, as revealed by microstructural characterization. The weld showed a notable increase in hardness, however without compromising toughness. The fractures during tensile testing occurred in the DP 780 steel, far from the MZ and HAZ. Heat treatments increased ultimate tensile strength, but lowered ductility. Welding affected the fatigue life, especially in the intercritically quenched joint, which showed a quasi-cleavage crack growth mechanism and a decrease in fracture toughness.
Management of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) may vary across different settings due to factors related to population characteristics, practice, resources and/or policies. We conducted a survey ...among the worldwide network of EAS FHSC Lead Investigators to provide an overview of FH status in different countries.
Lead Investigators from countries formally involved in the EAS FHSC by mid-May 2018 were invited to provide a brief report on FH status in their countries, including available information, programmes, initiatives, and management.
63 countries provided reports. Data on FH prevalence are lacking in most countries. Where available, data tend to align with recent estimates, suggesting a higher frequency than that traditionally considered. Low rates of FH detection are reported across all regions. National registries and education programmes to improve FH awareness/knowledge are a recognised priority, but funding is often lacking. In most countries, diagnosis primarily relies on the Dutch Lipid Clinics Network criteria. Although available in many countries, genetic testing is not widely implemented (frequent cost issues). There are only a few national official government programmes for FH. Under-treatment is an issue. FH therapy is not universally reimbursed. PCSK9-inhibitors are available in ∼2/3 countries. Lipoprotein-apheresis is offered in ∼60% countries, although access is limited.
FH is a recognised public health concern. Management varies widely across countries, with overall suboptimal identification and under-treatment. Efforts and initiatives to improve FH knowledge and management are underway, including development of national registries, but support, particularly from health authorities, and better funding are greatly needed.
•The EAS FHSC is an international initiative involving a network of investigators interested in FH from around 70 countries.•Information on FH prevalence is lacking in most countries; where available, data tend to align with contemporary estimates.•FH diagnosis and management varies widely across countries, with overall suboptimal identification and under-treatment.•In most countries diagnosis primarily relies on DLCN criteria, and less frequently on Simon Broom or MEDPED.•Therapy for FH is not universally reimbursed, and criteria vary across countries. Access to PCSK9i and apheresis is limited.
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