Modulation of Lysyl Oxidase by Dietary Copper in Rats Rucker, Robert B.; Romero-Chapman, Nadia; Wong, Toniel ...
The Journal of nutrition,
January 1996, 1996, 1996-Jan, 1996-01-00, 19960101, Letnik:
126, Številka:
1
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
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Odprti dostop
Lysyl oxidase levels were estimated in rat tissues using an enzyme-linked immunosorption assay (ELISA) and a functional assay standardized against known amounts of purified lysyl oxidase. High ...concentrations of lysyl oxidase (≥150 μg/g of tissue or packed cells) were detected in connective tissues, such as tendon and skin. Values for aorta, kidney, lung and liver ranged from 30 to 150 μg/g of tissue; values for skeletal muscle and diaphragm were <30 μg/g tissue. Purified rat skin lysyl oxidase catalyzed the release of 50–100 Bq of tritium per μg enzyme in assays that used 3H-elastin-rich substrates. In dense connective tissues, good agreement was obtained for the values from ELISA and those derived from measurements of functional activity in aorta, lung, skin and tendon (r2 > 0.9). When egg white-based experimental diets containing 2 or 10 μg/g added copper were fed to weanling rats, values for skin lysyl oxidase functional activity in the group fed 2 μg/g added copper were one-third to one-half the values for skin lysyl oxidase functional activity in rats fed 10 μg/g copper. This reduction in lysyl oxidase activity, however, had minimal effect on indices of collagen maturation in rat skin, e.g., collagen solubility in neutral salt and dilute acid or the levels of acid stable cross-links. Moreover, copper deficiency did not influence the steady-state levels of lysyl oxidase specific mRNA in rat skin or the apparent amounts of lysyl oxidase in rat skin as determined by ELISA. These observations underscore that the concentration of lysyl oxidase is relatively high in dense corrective tissues, and although decreasing dietary copper influences functional activity, there is little apparent effect on the production of lysyl oxidase protein.
Abstract Synchrotron-based x-ray fluorescence microscopy, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting were used to investigate changes in copper (Cu) and Cu-associated pathways in the vulnerable ...substantia nigra (SN) and locus coeruleus (LC) and in nondegenerating brain regions in cases of Parkinson's disease (PD) and appropriate healthy and disease controls. In PD and incidental Lewy body disease, levels of Cu and Cu transporter protein 1, were significantly reduced in surviving neurons in the SN and LC. Specific activity of the cuproprotein superoxide dismutase 1 was unchanged in the SN in PD but was enhanced in the parkinsonian anterior cingulate cortex, a region with α-synuclein pathology, normal Cu, and limited cell loss. These data suggest that regions affected by α-synuclein pathology may display enhanced vulnerability and cell loss if Cu-dependent protective mechanisms are compromised. Additional investigation of copper pathology in PD may identify novel targets for the development of protective therapies for this disorder.
Byline: N. Butchart (1), A. A. Scaife (2), M. Bourqui (3,4), J. Grandpre (4), S. H. E. Hare (3), J. Kettleborough (5), U. Langematz (6), E. Manzini (7), F. Sassi (8), K. Shibata (9), D. Shindell ...(10), M. Sigmond (11) The effect of climate change on the Brewer--Dobson circulation and, in particular, the large-scale seasonal-mean transport between the troposphere and stratosphere is compared in a number of middle atmosphere general circulation models. All the models reproduce the observed upwelling across the tropical tropopause balanced by downwelling in the extra tropics, though the seasonal cycle in upwelling in some models is more semi-annual than annual. All the models also consistently predict an increase in the mass exchange rate in response to growing greenhouse gas concentrations, irrespective of whether or not the model includes interactive ozone chemistry. The mean trend is 11 kt s.sup.-1 year.sup.-1 or about 2% per decade but varies considerably between models. In all but one of the models the increase in mass exchange occurs throughout the year though, generally, the trend is larger during the boreal winter. On average, more than 60% of the mean mass fluxes can be explained by the EP-flux divergence using the downward control principle. Trends in the annual mean mass fluxes derived from the EP-flux divergence also explain about 60% of the trend in the troposphere-to-stratosphere mass exchange rate when averaged over all the models. Apart from two models the interannual variability in the downward control derived and actual mass fluxes were generally well correlated, for the annual mean. Author Affiliation: (1) Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, UK (2) Hadley Centre, Met Office, Exeter, UK (3) Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK (4) McGill University, Montreal, Canada (5) Rutherford Laboratory, British Atmospheric Data Centre, Didcot, UK (6) Freie Universitat of Berlin, Berlin, Germany (7) National Institute for Geophysics and Volcanology, Bologna, Italy (8) National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA (9) Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan (10) NASA-Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, USA (11) University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Article History: Registration Date: 29/05/2006 Received Date: 15/11/2005 Accepted Date: 20/05/2006 Online Date: 16/08/2006
In India, about 20,000 people die of rabies every year. The dog is the main reservoir and transmitter of the disease. A pilot rabies control programme was launched in five Indian federal states in ...February, 2007. This initiative is led by the Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) federating many animal welfare organizations and the Ministry of Agriculture. It aims at creating a "Rabies Free India." The programme combines parenteral vaccination of accessible owned and stray dogs, spaying/neutering followed by parenteral vaccination and oral vaccination of inaccessible dogs. The freeze-dried vaccine SAG2, including the bait casing, was registered in India following successful evaluation of vaccine-bait safety and efficacy (by survival after virulent challenge) in captive Indian stray dogs in the Bhopal High Security Animal Disease Laboratory. Furthermore, bait acceptance was tested under both experimental and field conditions.
Silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technologies promise several advantages over CMOS for the front-end readout electronics for the ATLAS upgrade. We have evaluated the ...relative merits of the latest generations of IBM SiGe HBT BiCMOS technologies, the 8WL and 8HP platforms. These 130
nm SiGe technologies show promise to operate at lower power than do CMOS technologies and would provide a viable alternative for the silicon strip detector and liquid argon calorimeter upgrades, provided that the radiation tolerance studies at multiple gamma and neutron irradiation levels, included in this investigation, show them to be sufficiently radiation tolerant.
New data from the years 2012 to 2015 from the Danish National Fungemia Surveillance are reported, and epidemiological trends are investigated in a 12-year perspective (2004 to 2015). During 2012 to ...2015, 1,900 of 1,939 (98%) fungal bloodstream isolates were included. The average incidence was 8.4/100,000 inhabitants, and this appears to represent a stabilizing trend after the increase to 10.1/100,000 in 2011. The incidence was higher in males than females (10.0 versus 6.8) and in patients above 50 years, and those changes were mainly driven by an increasing incidence among 80-to-89-year-old males (65.3/100,000 in 2014 to 2015). The proportion of
isolates decreased from 2004 to 2015 (64.4% to 42.4%) in parallel with a doubling of the proportion of
isolates (16.5% to 34.6%,
< 0.0001).
was more common among females (34.0% versus 30.4% in males). Following an increase in 2004 to 2011, the annual drug use stabilized during the last 2 to 3 years of that time period but remained higher than in other Nordic countries. This was particularly true for the fluconazole and itraconazole use in the primary health care sector, which exceeded the combined national levels of use of these compounds in each of the other Nordic countries. Fluconazole susceptibility decreased (68.5%, 65.2%, and 60.6% in 2004 to 2007, 2008 to 2011, and 2012 to 2015, respectively,
< 0.0001), and echinocandin resistance emerged in
(0%, 0.6%, and 1.7%, respectively,
< 0.001). Amphotericin B susceptibility remained high (98.7%). Among 16 (2.7%) echinocandin-resistant
isolates (2012 to 2015), 13 harbored FKS mutations and 5 (31%) were multidrug resistant. The epidemiological changes and the increased incidence of intrinsic and acquired resistance emphasize the importance of continued surveillance and of strengthened focus on antifungal stewardship.
Pediatric Nonpost-Operative Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia Collins, Kathryn K., MD, FACC; Van Hare, George F., MD, FACC; Kertesz, Naomi J., MD, FACC ...
Journal of the American College of Cardiology,
02/2009, Letnik:
53, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Objectives To determine the outcomes of medical management, pacing, and catheter ablation for the treatment of nonpost-operative junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) in a pediatric population. ...Background Nonpost-operative JET is a rare tachyarrhythmia that is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Most reports of clinical outcomes were published before the routine use of amiodarone or ablation therapies. Methods This is an international, multicenter retrospective outcome study of pediatric patients treated for nonpost-operative JET. Results A total of 94 patients with JET and 5 patients with accelerated junctional rhythm (age 0.8 year, range fetus to 16 years) from 22 institutions were identified. JET patients presenting at age ≤6 months were more likely to have incessant JET and to have faster JET rates. Antiarrhythmic medications were utilized in a majority of JET patients (89%), and of those, amiodarone was the most commonly reported effective agent (60%). Radiofrequency ablation was conducted in 17 patients and cryoablation in 27, with comparable success rates (82% radiofrequency vs. 85% cryoablation, p = 1.0). Atrioventricular junction ablation was required in 3% and pacemaker implantation in 14%. There were 4 (4%) deaths, all in patients presenting at age ≤6 months. Conclusions Patients with nonpost-operative JET have a wide range of clinical presentations, with younger patients demonstrating higher morbidity and mortality. With current medical, ablative, and device therapies, the majority of patients have a good clinical outcome.
OBJECTIVE:Restrictive red cell transfusion is recommended to minimize risk associated with exposure to allogeneic blood. However, perioperative anemia is an independent risk factor for adverse ...outcomes after cardiovascular surgery. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine whether perioperative restrictive transfusion thresholds are associated with inferior clinical outcomes in randomized trials of cardiovascular surgery patients.
DATA SOURCES:The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and EMBASE from inception to October 2013; reference lists of published guidelines, reviews, and associated articles, as well as conference proceedings. No language restrictions were applied.
STUDY SELECTION:We included controlled trials in which adult patients undergoing cardiac or vascular surgery were randomized to different transfusion thresholds, described as a hemoglobin or hematocrit level below which RBCs were transfused.
DATA EXTRACTION:Two authors independently extracted data from included trials. We pooled risk ratios of dichotomous outcomes and mean differences of continuous outcomes across trials using random-effects models.
DATA SYNTHESIS:Seven studies (enrolling 1,262 participants) met inclusion criteria with restrictive and liberal transfusion thresholds most commonly differing by a hemoglobin of 1 g/dL or hematocrit of 6–7%, resulting in decreased transfusions by 0.71 units of RBCs (95% CI, 0.31–1.09, p = 0.0002) without an associated change in adverse eventsmortality (risk ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.65–1.95; p = 0.60), myocardial infarction (risk ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.30–2.99; p = 0.92), stroke (risk ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.57–2.32; p = 0.70), acute renal failure (risk ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.64–1.49; p = 0.91), infections (risk ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.85–1.78; p = 0.27), or length of stay. There was no between-trial heterogeneity for any pooled analysis. Including four pediatric trials (456 participants) and 10 trials utilizing only intraoperative acute normovolemic hemodilution (872 participants) did not substantially change the results except that unlike the transfusion threshold trials, the hemodilution trials did not reduce the proportion of patients transfused (interaction p = 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS:Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to determine the optimal transfusion strategy for patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery.
Since 1980, the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) have translated scientific evidence into clinical practice guidelines (guidelines) with recommendations to ...improve cardiovascular health. These guidelines, which are based on systematic methods to evaluate and classify evidence, provide a cornerstone for quality cardiovascular care. The ACC and AHA sponsor the development and publication of guidelines without commercial support, and members of each organization volunteer their time to the writing and review efforts. Guidelines are official policy of the ACC and AHA.
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