•We analysed variations in lignin properties of Indonesian Sorghum accessions.•Analyses included total lignin contents and lignin monomer compositions and lignin structures of selected sorghum ...accessions.•The results indicated variations in total lignin contents of the sorghum accessions.•Analyses of lignin compositions and enzymatic saccharification efficiencies indicated different sorghum biomass applications.
A comprehensive study on lignin contents and composition of 30 Indonesian sorghum accessions has been performed. Lignocellulose compositional analyses, i.e., thioglycolic acid assay, neutral sugar analysis, ash content measurement, and cell-wall-bound phenolic quantification, and lignin structural analyses, i.e., thioacidolysis and HSQC NMR analysis, of sorghum stem biomass were performed. In addition, their enzymatic saccharification efficiencies (ESEs) were also evaluated. The results showed that the total biomass was varied among accessions, ranging from 615.97 kg/plant (Pahat) and up to 1425.17 kg/plant (JP-1). Total lignin contents ranged from 14.35% to 22.89% of cell wall residues (CWRs), which were obtained from Pahat and KS, respectively. Analytical thioacidolysis and NMR analysis of selected 9 accessions with the lowest (Pahat, JP-1, and Buleleng Empok), moderate (Kawali, Super 1, and Super 2–300 Gy) and the highest (Sorgum Malai Mekar, 4183A, and KS) total lignin contents showed that lignin syringyl (S)/guaiacyl (G) unit ratio varied from around 0.8 to 1.5, where KS and 4183A had a relatively low and high S/G ratio, respectively. Correlation analysis of lignocellulose composition/structures with ESE showed significant associations of ESE with total lignin content, amorphous glucan content, and relative frequency of cinnamyl alcohol end-units in lignin polymers (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). Taken together, this study provides a foundation toward further optimization of sorghum biomass composition for various biorefinery applications.
On June 10, 2020, President Joko Widodo ratified the amendment of Law Number 4 of 2009 to Law Number 3 of 2020 concerning Minerals and Coal, one of the substances that changed the rules of authority ...in granting licenses from initially located in the local government to the central government. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the issue of authority between the central government and local governments in coal mining management after the issuance of the Minerba Law in 2020. This research uses a qualitative approach using institutional data surveys as a data collection method. The collected data is analysed using descriptive analysis: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings in this study explain that in Law Number 3 of 2020 concerning Amendments to Law Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining, the authority of local governments is withdrawn to the central government, starting from Mining Business License (IUP), People's Mining License (IPR) and Special Mining Business License (IUPK), Special Mining Business License (IUPK), Rock Mining License (SIPB), Transfer Permit, Transportation and Sales Permit, Mining Service Business License (IUJP), and Sales IUP. Although all local government authorities are fully withdrawn from mining licensing, local governments can still carry out mining licensing if the central government delegates authority based on statutory provisions. This latest regulation emerged through the idea of the government together with the House of Representatives on the grounds of simplifying licensing by easing requirements to increase investment obtained by the state. However, this change makes it seem as if the government wants to return to the era of centralisation. It is contrary to the spirit of decentralisation and regional autonomy that is being embraced in Indonesia.
The basis of the present study is a straightforward method involving fewer chemical species for conjugating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 designated as LL-37@AuNPs. ...Investigating the microstructure characteristics of the resulting materials and their potential as antibacterial and wound-healing substances are the main objectives of this study. Zeta (ζ) potential, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field effect scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-Vis spectrophotometry were used to analyze the physico-chemical properties of LL-37@AuNPs. The magnitude of LL-37's zeta potential and the LL-37@AuNPs show that the specimens are electrically stable and resistant to flocculation and coagulation. The surface plasmon resonance (RPS) of AuNPs, which is positioned at a wavelength of about 531 nm, was found to be unaffected by the presence of the LL-37 antimicrobial peptide. The FTIR data show the functional group characteristics of the LL-37@AuNPs vibration bands, and the XRD diffractogram confirms the formation of the LL-37@AuNPs conjugate nanocomposite. Based on FE-SEM and TEM data, the bulk of AuNPs were found to have a circular shape, with an average size of about 22.88 ± 8.21 nm. It was discovered that the LL-37@AuNPs had a good ability to inhibit
from growing. The wound-healing percentage reached 85% on day 12 of the trial, significantly greater than the results of the negative controls. LL-37@AuNPs(4) is the sample that had the highest percentage of wound healing between days 3 and 12. Moreover, sample LL-37@AuNPs(4) contains 0.45 µL of LL-37, whereas sample LL-37@AuNPs(2) contains 0.22 µL of LL-37. The faster wound-healing rate in LL-37@AuNPs(4) was believed to be due to a higher concentration of LL-37, which was able to stop
from developing while suppressing the inflammation surrounding the wound. The study's findings reveal that LL-37@AuNPs might be made using a straightforward process, making them a powerful antibacterial and therapeutic substance. However, before this discovery is applied in the field of medicine, a more thorough investigation is necessary.
Pendahuluan: Asam urat merupakan hasil metabolisme akhir dari purin yaitu salah satu komponen asam nukleat yang terdapat dalam inti sel tubuh. Dalam pemeriksaan asam urat dapat diketahui untuk nilai ...normal kadar asam urat yaitu 2-7,5 mg/dl. Pemeriksaan kadar asam urat dapat dipengaruhi apabila terjadinya kerusakan pada sel, sehingga menyebabkan hemolisis, hemolisis dapat dipengaruhi oleh teknik pengambilan sampel pada tahap pra analitik yang tidak tepat. Sehingga hemolisis dapat menyebabkan peningkatan konsentrasi dalam sel darah merah dibandingkan dengan serum atau plasma sehingga memberikan konsentrasi palsu. Penambahan reagen anti-Rh pada serum hemolisis bertujuan untuk mengikat hemoglobin saat eritrosit pecah. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar asam urat yang diperiksa pada serum non hemolisis, hemolisis dan serum hemolisis dengan penambahan reagen anti-Rh. Metode Penelitian: penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain penelitian Static group comparison. Hasil: perbedaan antara kadar asam urat pada sampel serum non hemolisis dengan sampel serum hemolisis sebesar 0,05 mg/dl atau 0,87%, dan sampel serum hemolisis dengan sampel serum hemolisis dengan penambahan reagen anti-Rh sebesar 2,43 mg/dl atau 37,46% sedangkan pada sampel serum non hemolisis dengan sampel serum hemolisis dengan penambahan reagen anti-Rh sebesar 2,38 mg/dl atau 36,91%. Uji analisis data menggunakan repeated ANOVA yang diperoleh p ≥ 0,000. Kesimpulan: terdapat peningkatan kadar asam urat pada serum hemolisis dan terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kadar asam urat pada serum non hemolisis dan serum hemolisis terhadap serum hemolisis dengan penambahan reagen anti-Rh.
This study aims to analyze the substance of the Covid-19 vaccine certificate policy as an administrative requirement in Jambi City and the regional government’s authority in enforcing the Covid-19 ...vaccine certificate policy in Jambi City. This study uses an empirical legal approach with a descriptive research type. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. Source of data used in the form of primary data and secondary data. The data that has been obtained is analyzed systematically. The results of the study show that the Covid-19 vaccine certificate policy as an administrative requirement for entering public places regulated through the Mayor of Jambi Circular Letter Number PW.01/441/DPK/2021 must be pursued into a Regional Regulation so that the substance has strong binding power. The Regional Government of Jambi City in enforcing the Covid-19 vaccine certificate policy has the authority to disseminate information to the community and carry out a real monitoring function as a means to evaluate the performance of implementing the Covid-19 vaccine certificate in public places or public spaces.
Latar Belakang: Salah satu permasalahan yang sering dihadapi para peternak Itik Manila saat ini yaitu mahalnya harga pakan dan tingkat pertumbuhan yang tidak stabil. Hal tersebut menyebabkan ...pertumbuhan bobot badan Itik Manila tidak maksimal dan berdampak terhadap persentase karkas yang tidak sesuai dengan harapan. Daun pepaya merupakan salah satu jenis limbah dari usaha pertanian yang dapat jadikan sebagai pakan tambahan dengan cara diubah menjadi tepung yang dicampur dengan pakan. Tepung daun pepaya mengandung protein, kalsium dan phosphor, serta mampu meningkatkan produktivitas karkas ternak Itik Manila. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tepung daun pepaya dalam pakan terhadap persentase karkas bagian dada dan paha Itik Manila. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan materi 40 ekor ternak Itik Manila berumur enam minggu, metode yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari penambahan tepung daun pepaya PO 0%, P1 3%, P2 5% dan P3 7%. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung daun pepaya dalam pakan berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0.01) terhadap persentase karkas bagian dada dan paha Itik Manila. Kesimpulan: Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan tepung daun pepaya dalam pakan sampai dengan level 5% dapat meningkatkan persentase karkas bagian dada dan paha Itik Manila.
This study aims to analyze the correlation between weather and covid-19 pandemic in Jakarta Indonesia. This study employed a secondary data analysis of surveillance data of covid-19 from the Ministry ...of Health of the Republic of Indonesia and weather from the Meteorological Department of the Republic of Indonesia. The components of weather include minimum temperature (°C), maximum temperature (°C), temperature average (°C), humidity (%), and amount of rainfall (mm). Spearman-rank correlation test was used for data analysis. Among the components of the weather, only temperature average (°C) was significantly correlated with covid-19 pandemic (r = 0.392; p < .01). The finding serves as an input to reduce the incidence rate of covid-19 in Indonesia.
Display omitted
•Covid-19 is a pandemic disease•The weather factor is one of the factors that triggered the spread of Covid-19•The spread of covid-19 in Indonesia is very fast, so the results of this study will be useful in efforts to prevent the spread of covid-19 disease
Teachers need to develop their teaching competencies, such as content knowledge, general pedagogical knowledge, and basic teaching skills. An alternative approach for improving the ability of ...preservice chemistry teachers to teach is by developing their pedagogical reasoning ability. This research using a mixed method methodology. Preservice chemistry teachers initially demonstrated limited pedagogical reasoning ability, especially in transformation stage. The results show that the profile of preservice chemistry teachers' pedagogical reasoning development continues to increase in the course of research.
Novel green-chemistry synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is introduced as a low-cost, rapid and easy-to-use analytical method for mercury ion detection. Aqueous fruit extract of water apple ...(Syzygium aqueum) was used for the first time as bioreductant to synthesize stable AgNPs. The prepared AgNPs have a yellowish-brown color with a surface plasmon resonance peak at 420 nm. The addition of Hg(II) ions then changes the AgNPs color to colorless. The color change was in proportion to the concentration of Hg(II) ions. The presence of other metal ions in the system was also evaluated. The proposed method shows good selectivity and sensitivity towards Hg(II) ions. Using UV-visible spectrophotometry, the detection limit of the developed method was 8.5 × 10−7 M. The proposed method has been successfully applied for determination of Hg(II) ions in tap and lake water samples with precision better than 5%.
PDF
